Exploiting Forage Legumes for Nitrogen Contribution in Cropping Systems

2015 ◽  
pp. 155-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. B. Hesterman
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Forage Legumes

Forage Legumes for Sustainable Cropping Systems

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 187-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig C. Sheaffer ◽  
Philippe Seguin
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Forage Legumes

Long-term yield patterns in barley-based cropping systems in Northern Syria. 3. Barley monocropping

2000 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. JONES ◽  
M. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Individual Enterprise ◽  
Yield Trends ◽  
Bare Fallow ◽  
Protein Output ◽  
Np Fertilizer

Results from monocropped barley treatments in long-term rotation (RTN) and continuous barley (CB) trials at two sites were examined for fertilizer effects on yield means and long-term yield trends. In RTN trials, mean responses to fertilizer (N[ratio ]P2O5) applied annually at rates of 20[ratio ]60 at the drier and 40[ratio ]60 at the wetter site were almost double those from biennial application, confirming the need for annual fertilization in monocropped barley systems. In CB trials, with N and P applied annually in nine factorial combinations, at rates up to 120[ratio ]90, responses to each nutrient were curvilinear and dependent on the presence of the other nutrient. Trend analysis showed a decline in grain yields over time where NP fertilizer had not been applied or applied only at low annual rates (< 60[ratio ]45 or < 60[ratio ]90, according to site); but straw yields, at worst, remained approximately stable in the absence of fertilizer and generally increased strongly with higher NP rates. Uncertainties in the interpretation of trend-analysis results indicate the need for methodology improvements, to include (i) additional single-value parameters of the growth environment, to improve the model's ability to account for seasonal variability, and (ii) a more flexible, non-linear function for time.It was concluded that barley monocropping is not necessarily non-sustainable in the medium term, provided adequate annual fertilization is maintained; but risks of pest or disease build-up, in addition to the superiority of legume-barley systems in biomass and crude protein output demonstrated in preceding papers, undoubtedly favour the introduction of some forage legumes into long-term barley sequences. The most practicable (and acceptable) systems may well be ones in which continuous barley is interrupted by a legume, or even a bare fallow, every third or fourth year. Above all, farmers should be helped to experiment with different forage legumes, barley–legume sequences, and modes of legume harvest, to optimize outputs in relation to their evolving and individual enterprise needs.

Self-Regenerating Annual Forage Legumes for Double Cropping with Irrigated Wheat or Sorghum

1984 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Muldoon
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Medicago Scutellata ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
Irrigated Wheat ◽  
Macroptilium Lathyroides

SUMMARYTwo relay intercropping systems were investigated on an irrigated clay soil: first, wheat with a self-regenerating summer legume and, secondly, grain sorghum with a winter growing legume. A range of summer and winter legumes were evaluated. Phasey bean (Macroptilium lathyroides), a free seeding annual, regenerated vigorously as the wheat matured in early summer; cut twice after the wheat harvest it yielded (including the wheat stubble) 7.5 t ha−1 dry matter. Low seed production jeopardized the regeneration of other summer legumes. Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) regenerated under the maturing grain sorghum crop as did snail medic (Medicago scutellata) and woolly, pod vetch (Vicia dasycarpa). Together with the sorghum stubble they yielded 5–6 t ha−1 between sorghum crops. The benefits of including self-regenerating forage legumes in irrigated grain cropping systems is discussed.

scholarly journals Perennial forage legume cultivation and their above-ground mass management methods for weed suppression in arable organic cropping systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aušra Arlauskienė ◽  
Danutė Jablonskytė-Raščė ◽  
Lina Šarūnaitė ◽  
Monika Toleikienė ◽  
Laura Masilionytė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Weeds Control ◽  
Ground Mass

Abstract Background In organic crop farms, growing crop yields are limited by insufficient nitrogen supply to plants and crop weediness. In such farms, legume swards are proposed as a service crop to improve nitrogen cycling. However, a positive effect of nitrogen is not only on cereals but also on weeds. In crop rotation, legume swards can stimulate the competition of cereals using the above-ground mass of legume to control the spread of weeds. The effects of the following methods for weeds control were analyzed: (i) forage legumes (Trifolium pratense L. and T. repens) undersown in cereals, (ii) forage legumes (T. pratense L., Medicago sativa L.) and their mixture with festulolium (x Festuliolium) and their above-ground mass management methods, and (iii) plant-based fertilizers (red clover above-ground mass fermented and composted). Results Oat with red clover undersown reduced weediness more than red clover monocrops, pea, and their mixture with oats. Incorporated undersown white clover mass increased spring barley competitiveness with weeds. When growing legume swards for a longer period of time (green fallow), red clover and their mixture with festulolium are the most suitable for this purpose. The lowest weed dry weight (average 34%, compared with the removal from the field) was obtained while using the mixed management. The cultivation of cereals after forage legumes and their mixtures with festulolium (as a preceding crop) increases its grain yield and competitive ability against weeds. Fermented red clover and fermented pea and spring wheat mixture mass, as a manure, did not increase weediness. Conclusions It was concluded that the effectiveness of the perennial forage legumes is determined by the uses of the above-ground mass: soil cover, mulching, application of green manure, and intensity of mass mineralization. Type of activity of forage legumes on weeds were competition for environmental resources, disruption/promotion of germination, destruction of above-ground mass, reduction of the amount of matured seeds, creation of a physical barrier (mulch), and increase of competitiveness of cereals. Growing forage legumes in pure crops usually leads to a loss of marketable production. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Growing tropical forage legumes in full sun and silvopastoral systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulo Alberto do Carmo Araújo ◽  
Tatiana Oliveira da Silva ◽  
Norberto Silva Rocha ◽  
Marluci Olício Ortêncio
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Made In

Growth was evaluated three tropical forage legumes in two cropping systems: silvopastoral system (SSP) and full sun. A completely randomized design was adopted in factorial three legumes (estilosanthes cv. Campo Grande (Stylozanthes macrocephala x Stylozanthes capitata), tropical kudzu (Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth) and macrotiloma (Macrotyloma axillare cv. Java)) x two farming systems, with 4 repetitions. A eucalyptus SSP already deployed, with spatial arrangement of 12 x 2 m between trees was used. Legumes were planted in January 2014 a uniform cut being made in May 2014. The court assessment was carried out 125 days after the uniformity cut. There was difference for mass production of dry legumes (PMMSL) between cultivation systems, evidencing increased productivity in the farming full sun. The macrotiloma showed higher PMSL (5.29 kg DM ha-1 cut-1), while the kudzu obtained the lowest yield (3.42 kg DM ha-1 cut-1) in the sun growing full. The cultivation of legumes in SSP increased the levels of mineral matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber. The shade provided by the SSP caused a reduction in the mass of dry matter production, but also altered the chemical composition of the studied legumes.  

Devising fertiliser recommendations for diverse cropping systems in a region: the case of low-input bean/maize intercropping in a tropical highland of Haïti

Agronomie ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 673-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Clermont-Dauphin ◽  
J. M. Meynard ◽  
Y. M. Cabidoche
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Low Input

Farmers’ preference for improved grasses and legume forage species in six mixed farming system districts of southern region of Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Mergia Abera ◽  
Tekleyohannes Berhanu
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Chloris Gayana

Participatory on-farm evaluation of improved forage crops was conducted in six mixed farming system districts of Southern Ethiopia with the objective to identify farmers preferred forage crops (legumes and grasses). Two annual forage legumes (Vigna unguiculata L. (cow pea) and Lablab purpureus (L.), two perennial legumes (Medicago sativa (L.) (alfalfa) and Desmodium intortum (Mill.) Urb. (green-leaf)), and three perennial grasses (Chloris gayana Knuth (Rhodes grass) and two Pennisetum purpureum Schumach (elephant grass) accessions (No.16800 and 16798)) were evaluated in the study. The major farmers’ criteria considered in the evaluation of forage species were vegetative growth, herbage yield, tillering, protection of soil erosion, palatability, perfor- mance under dry weather conditions, performance in marginal area under low input management, multipurpose use (conservation and soil fertility) and fast growing condition. The study showed that elephant grass accession No. 16798, 16800 and Chloris gayana adapted well and farmers preferred them for their higher herbage yield, vegetative growth, tillering ability and drought resistance. Even though the annual forage legumes Lablab purpureus and Vigna unguiculata were superior in their forage yield, the farmers preferred the perennial forage legumes (Desmodium intortum and Medicago sativa) mainly for their performance under dry weather condi- tion due to their longer growth period. Therefore, the consideration of farmers’ preference for forage crops is crucial for increased adoption of improved forage crops in the region.

Growth and Economic Profitability of Castor Cultivation in the Semi-arid Zone of Haryana

2020 ◽  
pp. 300-305
Keyword(s):  
Arid Zone ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Castor Seed ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Extract Information

The present study was carried out in three districts viz; Rewari, Sirsa and Hisar of Haryana state. A survey of 60 sampled farms was conducted to extract information pertaining to various expenses incurred in cultivation of castor and output attained as well as to ascertain the perception of farmers for various problems encountered in production and marketing of castor seed. The descriptive analysis was employed to draw valid inferences from the study. The results revealed that net profit accrued from cultivation of castor seed was ₹ 46331 ha -1 in the study area. The value of B: C ratio of castor cultivation was more than one and also higher as compared to prevalent cropping systems indicated that cultivation of castor seed is economical viable entity. However, production constraints like retention of F2 seed in the field over year, grain scattering, shortage of irrigation water, frost effect on crop yield and marketing constraints like absence of MSP, higher transportation cost sale of castor seed in distant markets, frequent fluctuation in market price, non-availability of processing units were observed.

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