Model of monitoring of oil soil pollution and its termination

The assessment of impact of oil production economic activities on land pollution in Russia contributes to evolutionary management decision making. Oil industrial pollution affects negatively flora and fauna. Thus, its important to identify the level of its exposure and danger, the site of contamination. A system approach is needed. When studying the environment, its necessary to consider the presence of risk situations and stochastic irreversible changes. Its essential to identify the nature and type of soil contamination with petroleum products using high-tech tools, intellectual procedures. The work considers modeling of such situation, forecasting and identification of oil contaminants. The submodel of optimal termination of monitoring is also considered. Ending monitoring of environmental optimization will result in lower monitoring costs, since monitoring oilcontaminated environments is an expensive and complex technological mechanism, often requiring satellite data. The proposed algorithm for modeling and system analysis is based on situational modeling. Evolutionary modeling allows to adapt the procedure (methodology) of forecasting and assessment to environmental risk factors. It increases the accuracy (formalization and evidence) and completeness of conclusions, the efficiency of situation analysis, which affects manageability of risk both for the oil complex and for individual enterprise in the industry. The results of the research may be used for development of software tools, in particular expert and predictive systems. Situational models are needed when oil companies are solving multi-criteria and multifactor problems.

Staff of the enterprise: essence and approaches to definition

At the present stage of development of Ukrainian enterprises, one of the most important resources – the staff of the enterprise – is becoming more and more relevant every day. In the context of the intellectualization of the economy, it is reasonable to say that the staff is one of the most dynamically developing components of the enterprise. Currently, there are many related terms to the concept of “staff”, which are often confused with each other, such as “personnel”, ”human resources”, and so on. Therefore, it is advisable to analyze the various approaches to the definition, to explore the difference between these concepts and to identify the essence of ”staff of the enterprise”. Staff is an integral part of any modern enterprise, one of the most important resources that creates a unique value for an individual enterprise due to its own experience and specific qualities obtained in the process of working in a particular enterprise. Staff is a very multifaceted category, which with the development of economic thought develops, both in fact in enterprises, and the very concept is further developed. The study of the essence of the concept of “staff of the enterprise” is quite relevant, especially taking into account the changes that occur with the intellectualization of the economy. There is a large number of published scientific papers devoted to the study of certain aspects of the staff of the enterprise, as well as issues of effective staff management. Great contribution to the study of this topic was made by such domestic and foreign experts as K. Marx, S.G. Strumlin, M.I. Rusinko, O.I. Sudakova, N.V. Filippova, I.M. Boychik, P.A. Maluev, N.V. Fedorova, N.P. Nikolenko, O.V. Krushelnytska, G.T. Zavinovska, et.al.

Modern Concepts and Models of Entrepreneurship Development

The article considers the conceptual foundations and models of entrepreneurship development. The fundamental views of economic scientists on the essence of concepts and models of business development, taking into account institutional changes in the economy, are touched upon. The article presents a systematization of the views of both the classics of economic theory and representatives of the modern economic school. The research uses such methods as comparison, analogy, analysis and synthesis, and a systematic approach. The author examines small business from two positions: microeconomic and macroeconomic. The first concerns the internal environment of entrepreneurship itself, and in the second case we are talking about the external environment of entrepreneurship, which has a huge impact both on the state and development of small business as a whole and an individual enterprise, and on the behavior of economic agents.

TECHNOLOGICAL AND INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT INTERCONNECTION IN THE CONDITIONS OF PRODUCT DIGITALIZATION

Modern industry is facing the next round of the industrial revolution or Industry 4.0. This collision is expressed in a significant change in the applied technologies of doing business and, first of all, in the production process. Large enterprises around the world are actively adapting to external challenges and digitalizing their production in the direction of the «Factories of the Future» concept, as evidenced by statistical research data from rating agencies such as McKinsey and PwC. In connection with these transformations, the question arises, is the technological development of enterprises synonymous with innovative development? The study hypothesis is the idea that technological development at the level of an individual enterprise is one of the subtypes of innovation. In order to verify it, the opinions of domestic researchers in this area were studied, and the modern definitions «technological development» and «scientific and technological development», which were adopted as synonyms in the study, were analyzed. The results of the study are confirmation of the hypothesis put forward, the construction of a logical scheme that reflects the essence of the term «technological development of an industrial enterprise» with the allocation of the main elements, as well as the proposed author's formulation of this term. It is concluded that it is necessary to conduct further research aimed at identifying the current state and prospects of small industry technological and innovative development.

Digitalization and project management as factors of sustainable development of the organization

The article presents the prerequisites for the emergence and fundamental provisions of the concept of sustainable development. The authors note, that the solution of the problems of sustainable development at the global level is impossible without solving the corresponding problems at the level of individual organizations. The paper presents two areas that contribute to the sustainable development of the enterprise: the use of key elements of digitalization and project management. The study formulates the conditions for achieving sustainable development of an individual enterprise, as well as the procedure for setting appropriate target indicators. The article substantiates the necessity and conditions for successful integration of key elements of project management and sustainable development. The paper shows the objective contradictions between these two systems and the ways to overcome these contradictions. The authors note, that the non-commercial nature of sustainable development programs predetermines the need for state participation in their implementation based on GR-management.

МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ОЦІНКИ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ УПРАВЛІННЯ КОНКУРЕНТНИМ РОЗВИТКОМ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

In the article the authors highlight the main methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of competitive development of enterprises in the face of intensifying competition in the markets caused by the processes of globalization of international economic relations. The presence of a wide range of approaches in domestic and foreign literature made it possible to form their own vision of this problem. Based on the analysis, basic groups of approaches to measuring the effectiveness of competitive development are formed on the basis of comparison of efficiency indicators, comparison of competitive advantages and measurement of competitiveness on the basis of market share. The tools for assessing competitive development at different hierarchical levels of management were considered (macro-level – the competitiveness of the country, meso-level – the competitiveness of the industry, micro-level – the competitiveness of the enterprise). Methodological tools are proposed, which consists in building a matrix of standardized values of partial indicators of competitive development of enterprises in order to rank them according to the integrated indicator of the level of competitiveness of each individual enterprise. Considering the competitive development from the standpoint of the competitiveness of the enterprise, it is established that its strategic priorities are interrelated and determined by the goals of which the company seeks to achieve in the market. It is proposed to pay attention to the trajectories of competitive development, selection of methods and tools for forming a system of competitive development management, a set of strategic relationships, and resource provision of competitive development.

Formation of a system of indicators for assessing the implementation of the circular economy concept in the regions of the Russian Federation.

The transition to the principles of a circular economy in the Russian Federation will contribute to the achievement of sustainable development goals both at the level of an individual enterprise and a region, which determines the relevance of the research topic. The article discusses various approaches to the interpretation of the concept of a circular economy. The goals and principles of a circular economy are described, including the analysis of the goals of a circular economy for the micro and meso levels. A study was carried out to identify the relationship between the activities of enterprises adhering to the principles of a circular economy and the development of the regions, from the point of view of the implementation of the principles of this concept. The methodological basis for building a system of indicators for assessing the implementation of the concept of a circular economy and establishing a relationship was the concept of balanced scorecard (BSC). The classic projections "finance", "clients", "internal business processes", "development and training of personnel" for the regional level were adapted to the goals of a circular economy concept, taking into account the peculiarities of the subjects under consideration. For each adapted projection, goals and corresponding assessment indicators were developed, which formed the basis for determining the relationship between the activities of the enterprise and the development of a circular economy in the region. The analysis of the relationship between goals and corresponding systems of indicators for assessing the implementation of the concept of a circular economy for each level (region and enterprise) is carried out. After the formation of the systems of indicators for assessing the implementation of the circular economy concept for the micro and meso levels, their comparative analysis was carried out. It was concluded that there is a relationship between the indicators of these levels and the need to implement the principles of a circular economy starting from the enterprise level. The formed systems of indicators can be used to monitor and control the implementation and consequences of the introduction of the principles of a circular economy.

Crowdsourced Manufacturing Cyber Platform and Intelligent Cognitive Assistants for Delivery of Manufacturing as a Service: Review of Fundamental Issues and Outlook

Future cyber manufacturing is envisioned to be fulfilled in a crowdsourcing environment that will engage a large population of manufacturer crowds to collaborate with the cyber platform on a shared understanding of the tasks for delivering manufacturing as a service (MaaS). This review paper is motivated towards a symbiosis of crowdsourcing cyber platform technologies to enhance intelligent decision support to manufacturing planning for achieving MaaS operational goals. The paper reviews the fundamental issues of MaaS through crowdsourcing from a model-based systems engineering perspective that is in line with a systematic framework of platform-driven MaaS. Also discussed is the outlook of analytic and model-based approach for crowdsourced manufacturing in order to enable new cyber manufacturing capabilities that represent a significant transformation of the manufacturing sector. The vision is to facilitate transition from the current practice of focusing on automation and manufacturing informatics within individual enterprise to open manufacturing crowds throughout the cloud platform to fulfill MaaS. The cyber platform and intelligent cognitive assistants enhance MaaS fulfilment by adopting computational modeling and decision analytics to exploit the implicit design and manufacturing knowledge that is incorporated in the library of previously executed manufacturing tasks, which in turn facilitates generation of manufacturing process plans by parametric adjustment of process plans for similar tasks.

Digitalization at the enterprise as the factor for the development Ukrainian’s economy

Introduction. An important step in the development of our country's economy and world activity in general is the digitalization of production and economic processes. Historically, we live in a digitalization`s period. It is necessary to take into account the company`s scope, including the financial capabilities. The purpose of the paper is to study the digitalization`s development in the enterprise and its impact on the economy. Results. In the article presents the main software products for processing financial and accounting information in an enterprise. The computers structure use by Ukraine`s industry is given. An example of digitalization management of leading foreign companies is given. The author's vision of solving the problem of the digitalization`s development at the enterprise is presented. It is global and inclusive. Enterprises working on the introduction and development of digitalization of the following software products:ITSM 365, IntraService, vsDesk, OMNITRACKER, OTRS, Alloy Navigator, Alloy Navigator, ITMan, Pyrus Service Desk, 1С:ITIL. Foreign and large Ukrainian companies use: SAP, Project Expert, EViews. The highest mobile average of employees using computers, in% of the total number of employees in 2019 compared to 2018 in the transport`s scope, households, postal and courier activities increased оn 33 267 people or 6,5 %. Conclusions. Summarizing the results of the digitalization's study of the enterprise, we can following conclusions, namely: today's transformation processes are a driving force in the development of innovation and strategic planning. Of course, enterprise`s situational management with the use of the latest technologies is the development not only an individual enterprise, but also the whole of the country`s economy. The important factor in economic`s development is digitalization, which has penetrated into all spheres of the public life. On the digitalization`s development in our country are influencing hostilities and pandemic. These factors lead to a reduction in expenditures from the state budget. The government and local authorities need to seek help from developed countries, grants.

The role of artificial intelligence in ensuring the state economic security

The article provides a rationale for the need to study the impact of artificial intelligence on the economic security of each individual enterprise in particular and the country as a whole. The main reasons and advantages of the widespread introduction of systemic artificial intelligence in various spheres of human activity have been determined. The author gives promising directions for using artificial intelligence, such as machine learning, speech analysis, virtual assistants, machine vision, expert systems, and the like. The areas of application of artificial intelligence in various areas of the economy, such as trade, marketing, industry, transport, banking and telecommunications sectors, are outlined. The author identifies a number of threats and difficulties that a person faces in the process of introducing artificial intelligence, namely: low level of data protection; features of the technology of the artificial intelligence system; an increase in the amount of data that is processed, sorted and stored; preconceived judgments about artificial intelligence due to poor-quality training; a low level of communication, which can be traced in the process of interaction between a person and a system, and the like. For each of the designated types of risk, possible measures are proposed, thanks to which the negative impact of artificial intelligence on the economic security of Ukraine is counteracted. Also, the article contains a number of difficulties that are associated with the peculiarities of the work of artificial intelligence systems. The author cites research showing that artificial intelligence is able to increase productivity growth, but it can also have an ambiguous effect on labor. The article also touches on ethical issues related to the use of artificial intelligence.