Towards Sustaining Agricultural Production in the Tropics: Research and Development Priorities

2015 ◽  
pp. 309-313
Author(s):  
Rattan Lal ◽  
John Ragland
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
The Tropics

scholarly journals Pheromone Use for Insect Control: Present Status and Prospect in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Azharul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
Crop Pests ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Integrated Crop Management

The insect’s world is filled with many odors. Insects use these odors to cue them in a variety of complex social behaviors, including courtship, mating, and egg laying. Scientists and pest control specialists have known about these complex communication systems for decades. The main aim of this study was to visualize the availability, trends and differences in the sources of pheromone control in agricultural growth of Bangladesh. It also concerned on constrains and present use of pheromone and their possible recommendation on behalf of Bangladesh agriculture. It concentrated on the data during last three decades (1980-2010), comprising status of pheromone use in Bangladesh agriculture and its future. Review revealed that Bangladesh has been enormously successful in increasing pheromone use in agricultural production (especially for vegetables). Understanding of the nature of pheromones and their potential for pest control along with the future prospective of pheromone technique in agriculture were stated. Since the pheromone, technologies for control of major crop pests in Bangladesh are still limited. So that this review emphasized on more attention to the authority to increase the research works and project facilities related to develop and promote pheromone techniques. It is highly recommended to increase availability of pheromone in market, more investment in research and development, introduction of newly identified pheromone for specific pest, to assist government and nongovernment organizations to work with farmers to reduce harmful insecticide use and promote pheromone tactics as one part of integrated crop management (ICM). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v2i1.14005 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 2 (1): 47-55, June, 2012

scholarly journals Variable Reaction of Tomato Lines to Bacterial Wilt Evaluated at Several Locations in Southeast Asia

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Hanson ◽  
Jaw-Fen Wang ◽  
Olivia Licardo ◽  
Shook Ying Mah ◽  
Glen L. Hartman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Inoculation Method ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Disease Pressure ◽  
Development Center

Bacterial wilt (BW), caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum E.F. Smith, is one of the most destructive disease of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in the tropics. Twenty tomato lines/accessions previously identified as BW-resistant were evaluated for BW reaction in fields providing high disease pressure at Subang, Indonesia; Los Baños, Philippines; Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Kuala Lumpur; Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC), Taiwan; and Taiwan Seed Improvement and Propagation Service (TSIPS). Entries also were tested in the greenhouse at the AVRDC with a P. solanacearum strain from Taiwan (Pss4) using a drench inoculation method. Objectives of the study were to identify stable sources of BW resistance for southeast Asian tomato breeding programs, and to determine the correlation between field and greenhouse reactions. Mean entry survival was 21.6% at Subang, 31.9% at Los Baños, 76.7% at the AVRDC, 93.6% at Malaysia, and 93.3% at TSIPS, indicating that most entries were resistant at MARDI and the Taiwan locations but susceptible at Subang and Los Baños. L285 (mean survival = 83.8%) and CRA 84-58-1 (mean survival = 79.4%) were the most resistant entries in the field trials. Mean survival (70.1%) of CRA 66-derived entries was significantly better than the mean of entries with resistance derived from UPCA 1169 or UPCA 1169 plus `Venus' or `Saturn'. Mean survival of AVRDC entries bred in the 1980s (59.4%) was significantly greater than mean survival of AVRDC lines bred in the 1970s (45.7%). The correlation between entry BW percent survival averaged over the five field trials and entry means from drench inoculation in the greenhouse was highly significant (r = 0.70), suggesting that the drench inoculation method is effective in selection for BW resistance.

scholarly journals The Role of AVRDC–The World Vegetable Center in Enhancing and Promoting Vegetable Production in the Tropics

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel C. Palada ◽  
Thomas J. Kalb ◽  
Thomas A. Lumpkin
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
The Tropics

AVRDC–The World Vegetable Center was established in 1971 as a not-for-profit international agricultural research institute whose mission is to reduce malnutrition and poverty among the poor through vegetable research and development. Over the past 30 years, AVRDC has developed a vast array of international public goods. The Center plays an essential role in bringing international and interdisciplinary teams together to develop technologies, empower farmers, and address major vegetable-related issues in the developing world. In its unique role, AVRDC functions as a catalyst to 1) build international and interdisciplinary coalitions that engage in vegetable and nutrition issues; 2) generate and disseminate improved germplasm and technologies that address economic and nutritional needs of the poor; 3) collect, characterize, and conserve vegetable germplasm resources for worldwide use; and 4) provide globally accessible, user-friendly, science-based, appropriate technology. In enhancing and promoting vegetable production and consumption in developing world, AVRDC's research programs contribute to increased productivity of the vegetable sector, equity in economic development in favor of rural and urban poor, healthy and more diversified diets for low-income families, environmentally friendly and safe production of vegetables, and improved sustainability of cropping systems. Recent achievements at AVRDC that greatly impact tropical horticulture in the developing world include virus-resistant tomatoes raising farmers income, hybrid sweet pepper breaking the yield barrier in the tropics, flood-resistant chili peppers opening new market opportunities, broccoli varieties for monsoon season, pesticide-free eggplant and leafy vegetable production systems and fertilizer systems that protect the environment. Beyond vegetable crops, AVRDC is playing an important role in expanding and promoting research and development efforts for high value horticultural crops, including fruit, ornamentals, and medicinal plants through its new Global Horticulture Initiative. AVRDC believes that horticulture crop production provides jobs and is an engine for economic growth. The important role AVRDC–The World Vegetable Center plays in developing and promoting tropical horticultural crops is discussed in this paper.

Land Tenure and Agricultural Production in the Tropics

1928 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 576
Author(s):  
A. G. C. ◽  
H. Martin Leake
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
The Tropics

scholarly journals Extreme vulnerability of smallholder farmers to agricultural risks and climate change in Madagascar

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1639) ◽  
pp. 20130089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia A. Harvey ◽  
Zo Lalaina Rakotobe ◽  
Nalini S. Rao ◽  
Radhika Dave ◽  
Hery Razafimahatratra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The Tropics

Across the tropics, smallholder farmers already face numerous risks to agricultural production. Climate change is expected to disproportionately affect smallholder farmers and make their livelihoods even more precarious; however, there is limited information on their overall vulnerability and adaptation needs. We conducted surveys of 600 households in Madagascar to characterize the vulnerability of smallholder farmers, identify how farmers cope with risks and explore what strategies are needed to help them adapt to climate change. Malagasy farmers are particularly vulnerable to any shocks to their agricultural system owing to their high dependence on agriculture for their livelihoods, chronic food insecurity, physical isolation and lack of access to formal safety nets. Farmers are frequently exposed to pest and disease outbreaks and extreme weather events (particularly cyclones), which cause significant crop and income losses and exacerbate food insecurity. Although farmers use a variety of risk-coping strategies, these are insufficient to prevent them from remaining food insecure. Few farmers have adjusted their farming strategies in response to climate change, owing to limited resources and capacity. Urgent technical, financial and institutional support is needed to improve the agricultural production and food security of Malagasy farmers and make their livelihoods resilient to climate change.

scholarly journals The choice of a promising scheme of transport technological agricultural energy

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 05033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandr Drovnikov ◽  
Boris Kalmykov
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Creation ◽  
And Performance

An important issue in the creation of transport technological energy means for agricultural purposes at the stage of research and development is the statement of the problem taking into account the technology of cultivation of the Corresponding crop. What are the main provisions for choosing the concept of this type of equipment and what you need to pay attention to when designing them for specific conditions. The article presents the results of experimental studies, pilot industrial and production tests of various machines and assemblies with structurally adaptive mechanisms. The analysis showed that their application provides a wide range of regulation and self-regulation of the unit operating modes, increased reliability and performance, simplicity of design and ease of use, which confirms the feasibility of their use in agricultural production.

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