Parameterizing a Coupled Surface-Subsurface Three-Dimensional Soil Hydrological Model to Evaluate the Efficiency of a Runoff Water Harvesting Technique

This paper describes the efforts and current achievements of developing a GIS based hydrological model for flow and contaminants transport within Lake Kinneret watershed. The proposed model is built of hydrological “input-output” physical response blocks for routing rainfall-runoff water quantity and quality in sub-watersheds, coupled further with a delineated GIS database. An illustrative example of the model capabilities is demonstrated.

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Determining Potential Sites for Runoff Water Harvesting using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems-Based Modeling in Sinai

American Journal of Environmental Sciences ◽

10.3844/ajessp.2012.42.55 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 42-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Information Systems ◽

Geographic Information Systems ◽

Geographic Information ◽

Water Harvesting ◽

Runoff Water

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Incorporating Water Harvesting into Plasticulture Production of Muskmelon

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.9.1.78 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 78-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Frank J. Dainello ◽

Larry Stein ◽

Guy Fipps ◽

Kenneth White

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Large Scale ◽

Production Systems ◽

Water Harvesting ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Dry Land ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Harvesting Technique ◽

Marketable Fruit

Competition for limited water supplies is increasing world wide. Especially hard hit are the irrigated crop production regions, such as the Lower Rio Grande Valley and the Winter Garden areas of south Texas. To develop production techniques for reducing supplemental water needs of vegetable crops, an ancient water harvesting technique called rainfall capture was adapted to contemporary, large scale irrigated muskmelon (Cucumis melo var. reticulatus L.) production systems. The rainfall capture system developed consisted of plastic mulched miniature water catchments located on raised seed beds. This system was compared with conventional dry land and irrigated melon production. Rainfall capture resulted in 108% average yield increase over the conventional dry land technique. When compared with conventional furrow irrigation, rainfall capture increased marketable muskmelon yield as much as 5355 lb/acre (6000 kg·ha-1). As anticipated,the drip irrigation/plastic mulch system exceeded rainfall capture in total and marketable fruit yield. The results of this study suggest that rainfall capture can reduce total supplemental water use in muskmelon production. The major benefit of the rainfall capture system is believed to be in its ability to eliminate or decrease irrigation water needed to fill the soil profile before planting.

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Effets des Demi-Lunes Multifonctionnelles sur la Production du Sorgho en Afrique de l’Ouest: Cas de la Région de Tahoua au Niger

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2021.v17n34p112 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (34) ◽

pp. 112

Author(s):

Maman Nassirou Ado ◽

Mahamadou Sani Moussa ◽

Harouna Karimou Ambouta

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Food Production ◽

Ecological Problem ◽

Water Harvesting ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Runoff Water ◽

Rain Water Harvesting ◽

Cropping Seasons ◽

Sorghum Grain

La dégradation des sols constitue un problème écologique ayant des conséquences néfastes considérables sur la production alimentaire au Niger et dans la région de Tahoua en particulier. L’objectif de cette étude, conduite à Kalfou dans la région de Tahoua au Niger, est d’évaluer les effets des demi-lunes multifonctionnelles sur la production agricole de sorgho. Ainsi l’essai expérimental, installé sur un terrain initialement encrouté et dénudé pendant deux (2) campagnes agricoles successives, est un bloc randomisé complet composé de trois (3) traitements sur (i) un sol aménagé en zaï (Zaï), (ii) un sol aménagé en demi-lunes conventionnelles (DLC) et (iii) un sol aménagé en demi-lunes multifonctionnelles intégrant à la fois les zaï et les tranchés de reboisement (DLM). Les résultats de l’étude ont montré que la croissance des cultures du sorgho est significativement plus élevée dans les ouvrages de demi-lunes multifonctionnelles que dans les ouvrages de zaï et de demi-lunes conventionnelles. En outre, les ouvrages de demi-lunes multifonctionnelles ont permis de produire 639 et 2159 Kg/ha de grains de sorgho respectivement en première et deuxième campagne. Ce rendement en grains est 3 à 4 fois plus élevé dans les ouvrages de demi-lunes multifonctionnelles que dans les ouvrages de zai et des demi-lunes conventionnelles. Ainsi, l’introduction de ces nouveaux ouvrages de demi-lunes multifonctionnelles, adaptés au contexte de la région sahélienne de Tahoua au Niger, permet d’optimiser l’utilisation des éléments nutritifs et des eaux de ruissellement pour la production agricole, ce qui peut renforcer la résilience de la population dans ladite zone. Toutefois, il serait nécessaire d’évaluer les impacts de ces ouvrages sur la production agricole à long terme tout en intégrant également d’autres cultures. Soil degradation is an ecological problem which has considerable negative consequences on food production in Sahel. The objective of this study, undertaken in Kalfou in the Tahoua region in Niger, was to test the effectiveness of multifunctional half-moons (DLM) for agricultural production of sorghum. The experiment design, installed on soil encrusted two (2) successive cropping seasons of sorghum, was a complete randomized block composed of three (3) treatments in three (3) : i) soil with local practice of zai, ii) soil with conventional half-moons (DLC) and iii) soil with multifunctional half-moons (DLM). Results showed that sorghum crop growth was significantly higher in multifunctional half-moons than in zaï and conventional half-moons structures. Besides,, the multifunctional half-moon structures produced 639 and 2159 kg.ha-1 of sorghum grain at the first and second season respectively. This grain yield was three (3) to four (4) times higher in multifunctional half-moon structures than in zai and conventional half-moon structures. Thus, the introduction of these new multifunctional half-moon structures, adapted to the context of Tahoua region allows optimizing the use of nutrients and runoff water for agricultural production, which can improve people’s resilience in the zone. Nevertheless , it would be necessary to evaluate the impacts of these rain water harvesting technologies on agricultural production in the long-term while also integrating other crops.

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Impact of Rainwater Recharging on the Yield of Borewells at the GKVK Campus, Bengaluru

International Journal of Environment and Climate Change ◽

10.9734/ijecc/2021/v11i830461 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 94-101

Author(s):

N. Soundarya ◽

H. G. Ashoka ◽

K. Devaraja ◽

K. S. Rajashekarappa ◽

M. N. Thimmegowda

Keyword(s):

Water Harvesting ◽

Rabi Season ◽

Runoff Water ◽

Kharif Season ◽

Open Fields

The study was conducted to analyze the effect of recharging the borewells through rooftop rainwater and runoff water harvesting from open fields during the year 2020-21. Nine borewells were chosen for the study, with seven borewells using various recharge strategies and two borewells serving as controls. The yield from these borewells is measured at 15-day intervals on a regular basis. During the Kharif season of 2020-21, three borewells (BW1, BW3, and BW5) measured a constant discharge of 0.3 lps, 0.4 lps and 3.2 lps respectively, four borewells (BW2, BW4, BW6, and BW7) measured a rise in discharge from 2.4-2.8 lps, 2.3-2.4 lps, 2.2-2.6 lps, and 1.6-2 lps, respectively, and two borewells (BW 8 and BW9) without any recharge technique measured a drop in discharge from 3-2lps and 2.4-2lps, respectively. During the subsequent Rabi season five borewells (BW1, BW2, BW3, BW4 and BW6) showed a constant discharge of 0.3lps, 2.8lps, 0.4lps, 2.4lps and 2.6lps respectively, two borewells (BW5 and BW7) continued to have an increased discharge 3.2-3.4lps and 1.8-2 lps, respectively and the two control borewells (BW 8 and BW9) continued to show a decrease in the discharge from 2-1.8lps and 1.9-1.8lps, respectively. As a result, the procedure of recharging of borewells through rainwater had a significant impact on borewell yield. The yield of recharged borewell had shown an increase in discharge or had a constant discharge during the Rabi season.

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DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND EVALUATION OF RUNOFF WATER HARVESTING POND FOR SMALLHOLDER FARMING

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i9.2021.4223 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 30-39

Author(s):

Bayan Ahmed ◽

Fikadu Gemeda

Keyword(s):

Water Surface ◽

Water Requirement ◽

Crop Water Requirement ◽

Water Harvesting ◽

Crop Water ◽

Runoff Water ◽

Evaporation Loss ◽

Run Off ◽

Supplementary Irrigation ◽

Design Construction

Rainfall shortage and variability constrain crop production of smallholder farmers in Ethiopia is the main problem. For this supplementary irrigation by run off harvesting is strategic pathway to reduce poverty in rural drought prone areas for enhancing agricultural productivity and boosting farm income. For this, this study is conducted to Design, construction and evaluation of runoff water harvesting Pond for supplementary irrigation to addressing inherent crop failures under the rain fed agriculture due to mainly erratic rainfall. For this design climatic and soil data were input to determine seasonal crop water requirement (CWR) of onion and evaporation loss of water from water surface. Then the performances of water harvested verses area irrigate were evaluated. To make this study more economical the water harvester capacity decreed by two fold and water harvesting made at two times. Seasonal volume crop water requirement (CWR) of onion for farm area 2500 m2 and evaporation loss of water from water surface of 121 m2 and total volume of seasonal water need were 382.05,53.38 and 435.43 m3 respectively. The geo-membrane laminated water harvester that has capacity of 223 m3 was designed and constructed. From on field performance shows, this volume of water harvested twice can irrigate 0.25ha by supplementary irrigation using water saving irrigation technology (treadle pump) by over showering and was produced 4.2 tone/ha. The investment, operation and production costs were 63116, 1125 and 6675 ETH birr respectively. The total cost was 70,916 birr and The growth return of 0.25ha was 15,750 birr/year (1050kg*15 birr/kg). This show the farmer can return 22.21% of their investment cost. So it is recommended to the government and non-government to initiate the farmers at lower stream of the catchment to harvest run off water and use for supplementary irrigation to increase their income.

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Use of the Universal Soil-Loss Equation to determine water erosion with the semi-circular bund water-harvesting technique in the Syrian Steppe

International Journal of Environment ◽

10.3126/ije.v3i2.10499 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Hamdan Al Mahmoud ◽

Khouri Al Issam ◽

Arslan Awadis

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Soil Loss ◽

Universal Soil Loss Equation ◽

Water Runoff ◽

Water Harvesting ◽

Flow Paths ◽

Harvesting Technique ◽

Rain Season ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Soil Loss Equation

This research was conducted through the rain season 2009 -2010, in Mehasseh Research Center at (Al Qaryatein), The area is characterized by a hot and dry climate in summer and cold in winter with an annual average rainfall of 114 mm. Three slopes (8%, 6%, 4%) were used in semicircular bunds water -harvesting techniques with bunds parallel to the contours lines at flow distance of 18, 12 and 6 m. The bunds were planted with Atriplex Halimus seedlings. Graded metal rulers were planted inside the bunds to determine soil loss and sedimentation associated with the surface runoff, and metallic tanks were placed at the end of the flow paths to determine agricultural soil loss from water runoff. A rain intensity gauge was placed near the experiment site to determine the rainfall intensity that produced runoff. The treatments were done in three replications. The amount of soil erosion (in tons per hectare per year) increased with increasing of the slope, the highest recorded value was 38.66 at slope of 8% and the lowest 0.05 at 4% slope. The amount of soil erosion also increased with increasing of water run distance, which was 38.66 T.ha-1.yr-1 at 18 m and 0.05 T.ha-1.yr-1 at 6 m . Bunds with different diameter of water harvesting reduced soil erosion by about 65% at slope of 8%, 55% at 6%, and 46% at 4%. The input parameters of Universal soil-loss equation were found to be suitable for determining soil erosion in this arid and semi-arid region. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10499 International Journal of the Environment Vol.3(2) 2014: 1-11

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