scholarly journals Effets des Demi-Lunes Multifonctionnelles sur la Production du Sorgho en Afrique de l’Ouest: Cas de la Région de Tahoua au Niger

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (34) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Maman Nassirou Ado ◽  
Mahamadou Sani Moussa ◽  
Harouna Karimou Ambouta
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Rain Water Harvesting ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Sorghum Grain

La dégradation des sols constitue un problème écologique ayant des conséquences néfastes considérables sur la production alimentaire au Niger et dans la région de Tahoua en particulier. L’objectif de cette étude, conduite à Kalfou dans la région de Tahoua au Niger, est d’évaluer les effets des demi-lunes multifonctionnelles sur la production agricole de sorgho. Ainsi l’essai expérimental, installé sur un terrain initialement encrouté et dénudé pendant deux (2) campagnes agricoles successives, est un bloc randomisé complet composé de trois (3) traitements sur (i) un sol aménagé en zaï (Zaï), (ii) un sol aménagé en demi-lunes conventionnelles (DLC) et (iii) un sol aménagé en demi-lunes multifonctionnelles intégrant à la fois les zaï et les tranchés de reboisement (DLM). Les résultats de l’étude ont montré que la croissance des cultures du sorgho est significativement plus élevée dans les ouvrages de demi-lunes multifonctionnelles que dans les ouvrages de zaï et de demi-lunes conventionnelles. En outre, les ouvrages de demi-lunes multifonctionnelles ont permis de produire 639 et 2159 Kg/ha de grains de sorgho respectivement en première et deuxième campagne. Ce rendement en grains est 3 à 4 fois plus élevé dans les ouvrages de demi-lunes multifonctionnelles que dans les ouvrages de zai et des demi-lunes conventionnelles. Ainsi, l’introduction de ces nouveaux ouvrages de demi-lunes multifonctionnelles, adaptés au contexte de la région sahélienne de Tahoua au Niger, permet d’optimiser l’utilisation des éléments nutritifs et des eaux de ruissellement pour la production agricole, ce qui peut renforcer la résilience de la population dans ladite zone. Toutefois, il serait nécessaire d’évaluer les impacts de ces ouvrages sur la production agricole à long terme tout en intégrant également d’autres cultures. Soil degradation is an ecological problem which has considerable negative consequences on food production in Sahel. The objective of this study, undertaken in Kalfou in the Tahoua region in Niger, was to test the effectiveness of multifunctional half-moons (DLM) for agricultural production of sorghum. The experiment design, installed on soil encrusted two (2) successive cropping seasons of sorghum, was a complete randomized block composed of three (3) treatments in three (3) : i) soil with local practice of zai, ii) soil with conventional half-moons (DLC) and iii) soil with multifunctional half-moons (DLM). Results showed that sorghum crop growth was significantly higher in multifunctional half-moons than in zaï and conventional half-moons structures. Besides,, the multifunctional half-moon structures produced 639 and 2159 kg.ha-1 of sorghum grain at the first and second season respectively. This grain yield was three (3) to four (4) times higher in multifunctional half-moon structures than in zai and conventional half-moon structures. Thus, the introduction of these new multifunctional half-moon structures, adapted to the context of Tahoua region allows optimizing the use of nutrients and runoff water for agricultural production, which can improve people’s resilience in the zone. Nevertheless , it would be necessary to evaluate the impacts of these rain water harvesting technologies on agricultural production in the long-term while also integrating other crops.

Energy Saving in Lighting Technologies of Agricultural Production

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Ovchukova ◽  
Nadezhda P. Kondratieva ◽  
Olga Yu. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Optical Radiation ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Practical Research ◽  
Continue Increase

With the continue increase prices of the electricity while the financing of agriculture is remaining the same, agricultural production is increasingly difficult to satisfy the needs of the population with food production. Under these conditions the role of energy-saving technologies in agricultural production is relevant. In particular, very important is the use of optical radiation for irradiation of dairy herds, poultry and plants. In this article, methods of energy saving are presented, identified on the basis of long-term theoretical and practical research of the authors and their graduate students. The reliability of this research is confirmed by defended theses, the theoretical and practical achievements, the protocols of experiments, acts of economic and factory tests. The authors hope that this information will provide practical assistance to numerous small farms in our country while choosing energy-saving lighting technologies.

Rainfed Agriculture: Water Harvesting and Soil Water Conservation

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Laryea
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Rainfed Agriculture ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Soil Resource ◽  
Agriculture Water

Cultivated rainfed agricultural lands contribute substantially to food production in the semi-arid tropics, but crop yields depend on the vagaries of the weather, particularly the variable onset and cessation of rainfall. Increased crop yields can be stabilized and the soil resource base conserved if runoff water from periodic intensive rainfall can be harvested, stored and used to supplement crop water requirements during periods of drought.

Design Speed Breaker For Road Rain Water Harvesting and Electricity Generation

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Dipak b pawar ◽  
Prashant narote ◽  
Ganesh pawar ◽  
Tushar narote ◽  
Tejas Mhaske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Rain Water Harvesting ◽  
Design Speed

NEW VARIETIES OF FRUIT AND BERRIES IN SELECTION OF ALL-RUSSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR NATURAL FOOD PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
N. S. Levgerova ◽  
Е. S. Salina ◽  
I. А. Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Processed Products

The results of the technological assessment of new apple, cherry, black currant, red currant and gooseberry cultivars of VNIISPK breeding for the suitability for the natural food production are given. As a result, the cultivars that are promising for cultivation in raw plantings have been selected. For the production of raw materials in the juice industry, apple cultivars with a high juice yield and content of soluble solids higher than 10.0% were selected: ‘Bolotovskoye’ (Vf), ‘Candil Orlovsky’ (Vf), ‘Osipovskoye’ (3x), ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’ ((Vf + 3x), ‘Zaryanka’ (Vm), ‘Priokskoye’ ((Vf + Co), etc. Based on the long-term study of cultivars for their suitability for compote, jam and jelly, the cultivars that are most suitable for these types of processing are identified. It has been found that taking into account the daily needs of vitamins C and P as the most important antioxidants, all processed products from black currant can serve as their sources, all processed products from cherries, as well as apple juice and gooseberry marmalade can serve as a source of P-active compounds. All columnar apple cultivars as well as ‘Bolotovskoye’, ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’, ‘Veteran’, ‘Imrus’, etc. show high suitability for the production of apple chips. Cherry cultivars ‘Rovesnitsa’, ‘Putinka’, ‘Podarok Uchitelyam’ and ‘Novella’ are suitable for dried fruit. Based on the long-term studies of the technological qualities of the VNIISPK gene pool, a new generation assortment has been formed that has an optimal combination of chemical and technological indicators of fruits that meet modern technological requirements and are suitable for cultivation in the raw plantations of Central Russia.

scholarly journals Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from a Traditional Nutrient-Rich Cambodian Diet Food Production System Using Life Cycle Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3660
Author(s):  
Rathna Hor ◽  
Phanna Ly ◽  
Agusta Samodra Putra ◽  
Riaru Ishizaki ◽  
Tofael Ahamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Production System ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Food Production System

Traditional Cambodian food has higher nutrient balances and is environmentally sustainable compared to conventional diets. However, there is a lack of knowledge and evidence on nutrient intake and the environmental greenness of traditional food at different age distributions. The relationship between nutritional intake and environmental impact can be evaluated using carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from agricultural production based on life cycle assessment (LCA). The objective of this study was to estimate the CO2 equivalent (eq) emissions from the traditional Cambodian diet using LCA, starting at each agricultural production phase. A one-year food consumption scenario with the traditional diet was established. Five breakfast (BF1–5) and seven lunch and dinner (LD1–7) food sets were consumed at the same rate and compared using LCA. The results showed that BF1 and LD2 had the lowest and highest emissions (0.3 Mt CO2 eq/yr and 1.2 Mt CO2 eq/yr, respectively). The food calories, minerals, and vitamins met the recommended dietary allowance. The country’s existing food production system generates CO2 emissions of 9.7 Mt CO2 eq/yr, with the proposed system reducing these by 28.9% to 6.9 Mt CO2 eq/yr. The change in each food item could decrease emissions depending on the type and quantity of the food set, especially meat and milk consumption.

scholarly journals Magnesium and Hypertension in Old Age

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligia J. Dominguez ◽  
Nicola Veronese ◽  
Mario Barbagallo
Keyword(s):  
Older Persons ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Magnesium Supplementation ◽  
Cerebrovascular Complications ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Causes Of Mortality

Hypertension is a complex condition in which various actors and mechanisms combine, resulting in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications that today represent the most frequent causes of mortality, morbidity, disability, and health expenses worldwide. In the last decades, there has been an exceptional amount of experimental, epidemiological, and clinical studies confirming a close relationship between magnesium deficit and high blood pressure. Multiple mechanisms may help to explain the bulk of evidence supporting a protective effect of magnesium against hypertension and its complications. Hypertension increases sharply with advancing age, hence older persons are those most affected by its negative consequences. They are also more frequently at risk of magnesium deficiency by multiple mechanisms, which may, at least in part, explain the higher frequency of hypertension and its long-term complications. The evidence for a favorable effect of magnesium on hypertension risk emphasizes the importance of broadly encouraging the intake of foods such as vegetables, nuts, whole cereals and legumes, optimal dietary sources of magnesium, avoiding processed food, which are very poor in magnesium and other fundamental nutrients, in order to prevent hypertension. In some cases, when diet is not enough to maintain an adequate magnesium status, magnesium supplementation may be of benefit and has been shown to be well tolerated.

scholarly journals It Is Not Just Mortality: A Call From Chile for Comprehensive COVID-19 Policy Responses Among Older People

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Villalobos Dintrans ◽  
Jorge Browne ◽  
Ignacio Madero-Cabib
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Objective Provide a synthesis of the COVID-19 policies targeting older people in Chile, stressing their short- and long-term challenges. Method Critical analysis of the current legal and policy measures, based on national-level data and international experiences. Results Although several policies have been enacted to protect older people from COVID-19, these measures could have important unintended negative consequences in this group’s mental and physical health, as well as financial aspects. Discussion A wider perspective is needed to include a broader definition of health—considering financial scarcity, access to health services, mental health issues, and long-term care—in the policy responses to COVID-19 targeted to older people in Chile.

scholarly journals Edible Energy Production and Energy Return on Investment—Long-Term Analysis of Global Changes

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1011
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Bajan ◽  
Joanna Łukasiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Poczta-Wajda ◽  
Walenty Poczta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Energy Return On Investment

The projected increase in the world’s population requires an increase in the production of edible energy that would meet the associated increased demand for food. However, food production is strongly dependent on the use of energy, mainly from fossil fuels, the extraction of which requires increasing input due to the depletion of the most easily accessible deposits. According to numerous estimations, the world’s energy production will be dependent on fossil fuels at least to 2050. Therefore, it is vital to increase the energy efficiency of production, including food production. One method to measure energy efficiency is the energy return on investment (EROI), which is the ratio of the amount of energy produced to the amount of energy consumed in the production process. The literature lacks comparable EROI calculations concerning global food production and the existing studies only include crop production. The aim of this study was to calculate the EROI of edible crop and animal production in the long term worldwide and to indicate the relationships resulting from its changes. The research takes into account edible crop and animal production in agriculture and the direct consumption of fossil fuels and electricity. The analysis showed that although the most underdeveloped regions have the highest EROI, the production of edible energy there is usually insufficient to meet the food needs of the population. On the other hand, the lowest EROI was observed in highly developed regions, where production ensures food self-sufficiency. However, the changes that have taken place in Europe since the 1990s indicate an opportunity to simultaneously reduce the direct use of energy in agriculture and increase the production of edible energy, thus improving the EROI.

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