Kimberlite Volcanology: Transport, Ascent, and Eruption

Elements ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kelly Russell ◽  
R. Stephen J. Sparks ◽  
Janine L. Kavanagh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Magma Ascent ◽  
Volcanic Deposits ◽  
And Control

Kimberlite rocks and deposits are the eruption products of volatile-rich, silica-poor ultrabasic magmas that originate as small-degree mantle melts at depths in excess of 200 km. Many kimberlites are emplaced as subsurface cylindrical-to-conical pipes and associated sills and dykes. Surficial volcanic deposits of kimberlite are rare. Although kimberlite magmas have distinctive chemical and physical properties, their eruption styles, intensities and durations are similar to conventional volcanoes. Rates of magma ascent and transport through the cratonic lithosphere are informed by mantle cargo entrained by kimberlite, by the geometries of kimberlite dykes exposed in diamond mines, and by laboratory-based studies of dyke mechanics. Outstanding questions concern the mechanisms that trigger and control the rates of kimberlite magmatism.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Substitusi Tepung Terigu dengan Tepung Umbi Dahlia dan Konsentrasi Baking Powder terhadap Karakteristik Fisik Cookies Kaya Serat

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zaki Mubarok ◽  
Ardelia Winata
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Powder Concentration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Powder Addition ◽  
Derringer’S Desirability Function ◽  
Optimum Formula ◽  
And Control

Cookies merupakan salah satu makanan ringan yang disukai disemua kalangan umur. Umumnya cookies terbuat dari tepung terigu, memiliki kandungan karbohidrat dan lemak yang tinggi namun mengandung kadar serat yang rendah. Pada penelitian ini tepung umbi dahlia digunakan sebagai substitusi tepung terigu untuk pembuatan cookies kaya serat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji penggunaan tepung umbi dahlia sebagai substitusi tepung terigu dan konsentrasi baking powder dalam formulasi pembuatan cookies. Rasio tepung umbi dahlia dan tepung terigu pada penelitian ini yaitu 15:85, 30:70, dan 45:55; dan konsentrasi baking powder yang digunakan yaitu 1–3% dari berat tepung. Metode Derringer’s Desirability Function digunakan untuk mendapatkan formula terbaik, dengan membandingkan kedekatan nilai karakteristik fisik cookies yang diberi perlakuan dengan karakteristik fisik cookies kontrol sebagai target. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan formula terbaik untuk pembuatan cookies kaya serat adalah penggunaan rasio tepung umbi dahlia dan tepung terigu sebesar 30:70 dan penggunaan baking powder konsentrasi 3% dengan nilai total desirability (D) sebesar 0,87. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah cookies kaya serat berhasil dapat diproduksi dengan menggunakan tepung umbi dahlia dan jumlah penambahannya yang terbaik, dapat ditentukan.Effect of Substitution of Wheat Flour with Dahlia Tuber Flour and Concentration of Baking Powder on Physical Properties of Fiber Rich CookiesAbstractCookies are one of the snacks favored by wide range of consumers’s age. Usually, cookies made from wheat flour, which have high content of carbohydrate and fat but low content of fiber. In the present study, dahlia tuber flour was used to substitute wheat flour to produce fiber rich cookies. The effect of dahlia tuber flour was analyzed in the a varied baking powder addition. Dahlia tuber flour and wheat flour at ratio of 15:85, 30:70, and 45:55 (w/w); and baking powder concentration of 1–3% from total weight of the flour was usedas formula. Optimum formulation was obtained by Derringer’s Desirability Function, which compares the relation value of the physical properties of cookies made with dahlia tuber flour and control cookies which was made of wheat flour. The result showed that optimum formula to produce fiber rich cookies was obtained on the ratio of 30:70 and baking powder at concentration of 3%, with total desirability (D) value of 0.87. As conslusion, high fiber content cookies was succsessfully produced and the best dahlia tuber flour addition was determined optimally.

scholarly journals Repeated Menthol Mouth Swilling Affects Neither Strength nor Power Performance

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russ Best ◽  
Dani Temm ◽  
Holly Hucker ◽  
Kerin McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
And Control

This study aimed to assess the effects of repeated menthol mouth swilling upon strength and power performance. Nineteen (10 male) participants completed familiarisation and experimental trials of repeated menthol mouth swilling (0.1% concentration) or control (no swill) in a randomised crossover design. Participants performed an isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP; peak and mean force; N), vertical jump (peak; cm) and six second sprint (peak and mean power; W) under each condition. Participants completed three efforts per exercise task interspersed with three-minute recoveries. Mean best values were analysed via a two-way mixed repeated measures ANOVA, and differences reported as effect sizes ± 95% confidence intervals, with accompanying descriptors and p values. Differences in peak IMTP values were unclear between familiarisation and experimental trials, and between menthol and control conditions. Mean IMTP force differed between familiarisation and control (0.51; −0.15 to 1.14; p = 0.001) and familiarisation and menthol conditions (0.50; −0.15 to 1.14; p = 0.002) by a small degree, but were unclear between control and menthol conditions. Unclear differences were also noted on vertical jump performance compared to familiarisation and between experimental conditions, with repeated six second peak and average power performance also showing unclear effects across all comparisons. We conclude that repeated menthol mouth swilling does not improve strength or power performance.

Recent Developments in Superior Processing Natural Rubber

1960 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 810-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Baker ◽  
R. M. Foden
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Die Swell ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Efficient Processing ◽  
And Control

Abstract SP rubbers give greater latitude in extrusion and calendering processes by extending the range of operating conditions and giving greater scope for compounding for good physical properties. Compounds based on SP rubbers extrude smoothly with lower die swell at lower temperatures and higher viscosities. Greater productivity is obtained through the faster screw speeds which are possible with SP rubbers in many types of compound. SP rubber compounds calender with greater conformity to gage, greater ease of handling and control of shrinkage of the calendered sheet, at temperatures 10° C lower than normal. The firmer stocks given by SP rubbers and their greater resistance to degradation on milling lead to reduced wastage of unvulcanized compound in the factory, while the stricter control of processing permitted by SP rubbers results in a lower percentage of rejected articles. Evaluation of an experimentally produced SP 90 crepe has indicated the potentialities of a concentrated form of SP rubber as a more efficient processing aid than crosslinked SBR 1009 with NR and SBR.

CRUCIBLE 303 Se

Alloy Digest ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Bend Strength ◽  
Good Consistency ◽  
And Control

Abstract Crucible 303 Se is a machinable austenitic stainless steel. Selenium addition is principally responsible for major characteristics. Other element control and control in manufacturing produce good consistency. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and bend strength as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-1005. Producer or source: Crucible Service Centers Divisional Headquarters.

BORON STAINLESS STEEL

Alloy Digest ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Control Applications ◽  
Energy Field ◽  
And Control

Abstract Boron Stainless Steel is a wrought austenitic alloy serving the atomic energy field in vital reactor shielding and control applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SS-135. Producer or source: Superior Steel Corporation.

scholarly journals Incorporation of Fluconazole and Ocimum Sanctum Oil in Soft Denture Liners to Treat Biofilms of Candida albicans Associated with Denture Stomatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aamir Zahid Godil ◽  
Diksha Bhagat ◽  
Parijat Das ◽  
Ashi Ilyas Kazi ◽  
Ramandeep Dugal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Denture Stomatitis ◽  
Denture Liners ◽  
And Control ◽  
Prolonged Drug Release

Purpose: To investigate the In Vitro activity of incorporated antifungal agents like Fluconazole and Ocimum sanctum oil (Tulsi) in the denture soft liners to reduce the risks associated with the biofilms of Candida albicans.Materials and Methods: In the current study, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of two antifungal agents namely Fluconazole and O. sanctum (Tulsi oil) against C. albicans (ATCC 10231) was evaluated to examine their effect in reducing the count of candida and its biofilms. Analysis of physical properties such as surface roughness and hardness of soft denture liners (test and control) were also performed. The effect of both antifungal agents was also observed on cell morphology of candida cells using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results: Studies confirmed MIC value for fluconazole and O. sanctum oil as 600 and 400 µg/ml respectively. Surface hardness and roughness of soft denture material (test) remained unaltered. Finally, SEM studies also proved the effectiveness of incorporated antifungal agents on the cell morphology of C. albicans at their respective MIC values.Conclusions: This approach allows the prolonged drug release in the oral cavity which simultaneously treats the injured denture bearing tissues and also the infection, biofilms of candida without compromising on their physical properties. These studies are significant and have tremendous medicinal and therapeutic relevance.

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