scholarly journals Hukou and Consumption Heterogeneity: Migrants’ Expenditure is Depressed by Institutional Constraints in Urban China

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binkai Chen ◽  
Ming Lu ◽  
Ninghua Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Urban China ◽  
Institutional Constraints

scholarly journals The Emergence of Informal Institutions among Internal Migrants in Urban China

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-112
Author(s):  
Rumin Luo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
Formal Institutions ◽  
Internal Migrants

China's dramatic economic development and urbanisation have led to an increase in its number of internal migrants. As of 2013, this group accounted for more than 20 per cent of the country's population, and approximately 70 per cent of people in this group are working in the informal economy. This paper pays special attention to migrant-traders in the informal sector and the strategies they use in Shanghai. Migrants are doubly marginalised by the hukou ([Formula: see text]) and danwei ([Formula: see text]) systems in the megacity and have only limited access to social welfare. It is argued that the informal strategies of these marginalised actors develop in related patterns of social relationships and institutional constraints. Such strategies create new forms of informal institutions that are justified and gain legitimacy when countering unequal and hierarchical formal institutions and social arrangements. This paper empirically explores how informal institutions can act in parallel with or diverge from formal institutions, and how they might influence formal institutions in the long term.

Institutional Constraints on Environmental Management in Urban China: Environmental Impact Assessment in Guangzhou and Shanghai

1997 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shui Yan Tang ◽  
CarlosWing Hung Lo ◽  
Kai Chee Cheung ◽  
Jack Man Keung Lo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Institutional Constraints

Social Protection for the Informal Sector in Urban China: Institutional Constraints and Self-selection Behaviour

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIN JIANG ◽  
JIWEI QIAN ◽  
ZHUOYI WEN
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Opt Out

AbstractThe Chinese government has recently expanded the scope of urban social insurance programmes. However, social protection for the labour force of the urban informal sector, which reaches about half the number of urban workers, lags significantly behind. This under-coverage may be due to institutional constraints, particularly the household registration system hukou, and self-selection behaviour related to the limited benefits of social insurance. Drawing on a recent nationwide individual-level survey and city-level statistics, this study examines these two explanations for the under-enrolment on the social insurance programme. First, results suggest that hukou and the intergovernmental fiscal system are major institutional constraints. Second, self-selection behaviour in programme enrolment is verified. Employers in the informal sector are likely to opt out of social insurance. More importantly, employers in the informal sector, with rural or non-local hukou, are likely to opt out of social insurance, which suggests that self-selection behaviour is constrained by institutions. Such findings have important implications for broad theoretical and policy debates on universal social protection.

Autism and Neurodiversity: Addressing Concerns and Offering Implications for the School-Based Speech-Language Pathologist

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Laura S. DeThorne ◽  
Kelly Searsmith
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Individualized Education Program ◽  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
Individualized Education ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Eligibility Determination ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
School Based ◽  
Key Points ◽  
C Center

Purpose The purpose of this article is to address some common concerns associated with the neurodiversity paradigm and to offer related implications for service provision to school-age autistic students. In particular, we highlight the need to (a) view first-person autistic perspectives as an integral component of evidence-based practice, (b) use the individualized education plan as a means to actively address environmental contributions to communicative competence, and (c) center intervention around respect for autistic sociality and self-expression. We support these points with cross-disciplinary scholarship and writings from autistic individuals. Conclusions We recognize that school-based speech-language pathologists are bound by institutional constraints, such as eligibility determination and Individualized Education Program processes that are not inherently consistent with the neurodiversity paradigm. Consequently, we offer examples for implementing the neurodiversity paradigm while working within these existing structures. In sum, this article addresses key points of tension related to the neurodiversity paradigm in a way that we hope will directly translate into improved service provision for autistic students. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13345727

Hard versus soft institutional constraints

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ija N. Korner
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Constraints

Self, psychiatry, and social reproduction in urban China

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason W. Ingersoll
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Urban China

Teaching Against the Grain: Enacting Constructivist Beliefs Within Institutional Constraints

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Midge Madden ◽  
◽  
Sharon Lynch ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
Constructivist Beliefs
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