scholarly journals Evolutionary Dynamics of Time-Resolved Social Interactions

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Cardillo ◽  
Giovanni Petri ◽  
Vincenzo Nicosia ◽  
Roberta Sinatra ◽  
Jesus Gomez-Gardenes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Time Resolved

scholarly journals Evolutionary dynamics of time-resolved social interactions

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Cardillo ◽  
Giovanni Petri ◽  
Vincenzo Nicosia ◽  
Roberta Sinatra ◽  
Jesús Gómez-Gardeñes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Time Resolved

Evolution of behavioral resistance in host-pathogen systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline R. Amoroso ◽  
Janis Antonovics
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Mixed Strategies ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Parasite Resistance ◽  
Costs Of Disease ◽  
Physiological Resistance ◽  
Behavioral Resistance

AbstractBehavioral resistance to parasites is widespread in animals, yet little is known about the evolutionary dynamics that have shaped these strategies. We show that theory developed for the evolution of physiological parasite resistance can only be applied to behavioral resistance under limited circumstances. We find that accounting explicitly for the behavioral processes, including the detectability of infected individuals, leads to novel dynamics that are strongly dependent on the nature of the costs and benefits of social interactions. As with physiological resistance, the evolutionary dynamics can also lead to mixed strategies that balance the costs of disease risk and the benefits of social interaction, with implications for understanding avoidance strategies in human disease outbreaks.

scholarly journals Genomic and Micro-Evolutionary Features of Mammalian 2 orthobornavirus (Variegated Squirrel Bornavirus 1, VSBV-1)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1141
Author(s):  
Dániel Cadar ◽  
Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit ◽  
Dennis Tappe
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Evolutionary Features

Mammalian 2 orthobornavirus (VSBV-1) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen discovered in several exotic squirrel species and associated with fatal human encephalitis. The dynamics of VSBV-1 spread and evolution in its presumed natural hosts are unknown. Here, we present the phylogeny, micro-evolution, cross-species transmission and spread of VSBV-1 at a temporal and spatial resolution within the limits of animal husbandry. The results showed that VSBV-1 can be classified into six distinct groups and that the most recent common ancestor of the known German strains emerged at least 20 years ago. We here demonstrate that the genetic diversity of the VSBV-1 groups is shaped primarily by in situ evolution and most of the amino acid changes are deleterious polymorphisms removed by purifying selection. Evidence of adaptive evolution has been found in the G and L genes which might have an influence on transmission fitness. Furthermore, there was also evidence for some form of adaptive changes in the glycoprotein which suggests that many sites might be subjected to positive pressure evolving under episodic directional selection, indicating past occurrence of positive selection. Host switching events were detected as dominant evolutionary mechanisms driving the virus-host associations. Virus spread by animal trade followed by subsequent local micro-evolution in zoos and holdings is responsible for diversifying strains. Time-resolved phylogeny indicated that Prevost’s squirrels might be the original squirrel species carrying and seeding the virus in Germany. This study provides the first insight into the ecology and micro-evolutionary dynamics of this novel viral pathogen in the captive exotic squirrel population under artificial ecological conditions (zoos and animal husbandry) and co-housing of different squirrel species.

scholarly journals Eco-evolutionary dynamics of social dilemmas

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaitanya S. Gokhale ◽  
Christoph Hauert
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Social Dilemmas ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectory ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Better Than

AbstractSocial dilemmas are an integral part of social interactions. Cooperative actions, ranging from secreting extra-cellular products in microbial populations to donating blood in humans, are costly to the actor and hence create an incentive to shirk and avoid the costs. Nevertheless, cooperation is ubiquitous in nature. Both costs and benefits often depend non-linearly on the number and types of individuals involved–as captured by idioms such as ‘too many cooks spoil the broth’ where additional contributions are discounted, or ‘two heads are better than one’ where cooperators synergistically enhance the group benefit. Interaction group sizes may depend on the size of the population and hence on ecological processes. This results in feedback mechanisms between ecological and evolutionary processes, which jointly affect and determine the evolutionary trajectory. Only recently combined eco-evolutionary processes became experimentally tractable in microbial social dilemmas. Here we analyse the evolutionary dynamics of non-linear social dilemmas in settings where the population fluctuates in size and the environment changes over time. In particular, cooperation is often supported and maintained at high densities through ecological fluctuations. Moreover, we find that the combination of the two processes routinely reveals highly complex dynamics, which suggests common occurrence in nature.

scholarly journals Rumour propagation and the eco-evolutionary dynamics of social information use

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1875) ◽  
pp. 20180088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Suire ◽  
Minus van Baalen
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Information Use ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Informational Cascades ◽  
Transmission Mechanisms ◽  
Social Information Use ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Different Sources

Information is a crucial currency for living organisms as it allows them to adjust their behaviour to environmental fluctuations. Thus, natural selection should have favoured the capacity of collecting information from different sources, including social interactions whereby individuals could quickly gain reliable information. However, such conditions may also favour the gathering of potentially detrimental information, such as false or misinterpreted accounts of environmental and social phenomena such as rumours, which may spread via informational cascades. We applied ecological and evolutionary principles to investigate how the propagation of social information at a populational level affects the propensity to assimilate it, here defined as the gullibilty. Our results show that the evolution of an individual's susceptibility to assimilate information strongly depends on eco-evolutionary feedbacks, in particular when both useful and detrimental information circulate. We discuss our results regarding the different information transmission mechanisms involved with particular attention to specific cases of social learning.

scholarly journals A genotype network reveals homoplastic cycles of convergent evolution in influenza A (H3N2) haemagglutinin

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1786) ◽  
pp. 20132763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Evolutionary Constraints ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Organizational Patterns

Networks of evolving genotypes can be constructed from the worldwide time-resolved genotyping of pathogens like influenza viruses. Such genotype networks are graphs where neighbouring vertices (viral strains) differ in a single nucleotide or amino acid. A rich trove of network analysis methods can help understand the evolutionary dynamics reflected in the structure of these networks. Here, I analyse a genotype network comprising hundreds of influenza A (H3N2) haemagglutinin genes. The network is rife with cycles that reflect non-random parallel or convergent (homoplastic) evolution. These cycles also show patterns of sequence change characteristic for strong and local evolutionary constraints, positive selection and mutation-limited evolution. Such cycles would not be visible on a phylogenetic tree, illustrating that genotype network analysis can complement phylogenetic analyses. The network also shows a distinct modular or community structure that reflects temporal more than spatial proximity of viral strains, where lowly connected bridge strains connect different modules. These and other organizational patterns illustrate that genotype networks can help us study evolution in action at an unprecedented level of resolution.

scholarly journals Evolution of behavioural resistance in host–pathogen systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 20200508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline R. Amoroso ◽  
Janis Antonovics
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Mixed Strategies ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Parasite Resistance ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Behavioural Resistance ◽  
Physiological Resistance

Behavioural resistance to parasites is widespread in animals, yet little is known about the evolutionary dynamics that have shaped these strategies. We show that theory developed for the evolution of physiological parasite resistance can only be applied to behavioural resistance under limited circumstances. We find that accounting explicitly for the behavioural processes, including the detectability of infected individuals, leads to novel dynamics that are strongly dependent on the nature of the costs and benefits of social interactions. As with physiological resistance, evolutionary dynamics of behavioural resistance can also lead to mixed strategies that balance these costs and benefits.

scholarly journals Evolutionary dynamics of n -player games played by relatives

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1642) ◽  
pp. 20130359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisashi Ohtsuki
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Genetic Association ◽  
Kin Selection ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Inclusive Fitness ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Structured Population ◽  
Core Concepts

One of the core concepts in social evolution theory is kin selection. Kin selection provides a perspective to understand how natural selection operates when genetically similar individuals are likely to interact. A family-structured population is an excellent example of this, where relatives are engaged in social interactions. Consequences of such social interactions are often described in game-theoretical frameworks, but there is a growing consensus that a naive inclusive fitness accounting with dyadic relatedness coefficients are of limited use when non-additive fitness effects are essential in those situations. Here, I provide a general framework to analyse multiplayer interactions among relatives. Two important results follow from my analysis. First, it is generally necessary to know the n -tuple genetic association of family members when n individuals are engaged in social interactions. However, as a second result, I found that, for a special class of games, we need only measures of lower-order genetic association to fully describe its evolutionary dynamics. I introduce the concept of degree of the game and show how this degree is related to the degree of genetic association.

scholarly journals Population genomics of intrapatient HIV-1 evolution

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Zanini ◽  
Johanna Brodin ◽  
Lina Thebo ◽  
Christa Lanz ◽  
Göran Bratt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Web Application ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Rare Variants ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genome Wide Data ◽  
Multiple Variants ◽  
Hiv 1

Many microbial populations rapidly adapt to changing environments with multiple variants competing for survival. To quantify such complex evolutionary dynamics in vivo, time resolved and genome wide data including rare variants are essential. We performed whole-genome deep sequencing of HIV-1 populations in 9 untreated patients, with 6-12 longitudinal samples per patient spanning 5-8 years of infection. The data can be accessed and explored via an interactive web application. We show that patterns of minor diversity are reproducible between patients and mirror global HIV-1 diversity, suggesting a universal landscape of fitness costs that control diversity. Reversions towards the ancestral HIV-1 sequence are observed throughout infection and account for almost one third of all sequence changes. Reversion rates depend strongly on conservation. Frequent recombination limits linkage disequilibrium to about 100bp in most of the genome, but strong hitch-hiking due to short range linkage limits diversity.

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