Flexibly Modelling Volatility and Jumps Using Realised and Bi-Power Variation

Some 2’-hydroxychalcone analogues have been widely used as an intermediate to synthesize various heterocyclic compounds, such as flavanones, flavanonols, flavones, flavonols and others. The heterocyclic compounds are also known to have a variety of interesting bioactivities in the medicinal chemistry and also have potency to be applied in material chemistry including in industry. Therefore, 2’-hydroxychalcone analogues are often synthesized by researchers as intermediate, both in research associated with drug discovery and material synthesis. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of microwave irradiation power variations on the selectivity of reaction of 2’-hydroxychalcone analogue synthesis. The variations of power that have been used in this study were 100, 180, 300 and 450 W with using a domestic microwave. Based on the study, we conclude that the power variation of microwave irradiationwere proven to effect the selectivity of synthesis reaction. In this study, the most suitable irradiation power to be applied on this synthesis is 180 W.

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Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Excess Air and Thermal Power Variation in a Liquid Fuelled Boiler

Proceedings of the World Congress on Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer ◽

10.11159/csp16.105 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Bilal Sungur ◽

Bahattin Topaloglu ◽

Lutfu Namli ◽

Hakan Ozcan

Keyword(s):

Numerical Investigation ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Power Variation ◽

Excess Air

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Evaluation of the Simultaneous Operation of the Mechanisms for Cross-Border Interchange and Activation of the Regulating Reserves

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11178188 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (17) ◽

pp. 8188

Author(s):

Marcel Topler ◽

Boštjan Polajžer

Keyword(s):

Frequency Control ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Load Frequency Control ◽

Simultaneous Operation ◽

Dynamic Simulations ◽

Cross Border ◽

Power Variation ◽

Balancing Energy ◽

And Performance ◽

The Impact

This article examines the mechanisms for cross-border interchange of the regulating reserves (RRs), i.e., the imbalance-netting process (INP) and the cross-border activation of the RRs (CBRR). Both mechanisms are an additional service of frequency restoration reserves in the power system and connect different control areas (CAs) via virtual tie-lines to release RRs and reduce balancing energy. The primary objective of the INP is to net the demand for RRs between the cooperating CAs with different signs of interchange power variation. In contrast, the primary objective of the CBRR is to activate the RRs in the cooperating CAs with matching signs of interchange power variation. In this way, the ancillary services market and the European balancing system should be improved. However, both the INP and CBRR include a frequency term and thus impact the frequency response of the cooperating CAs. Therefore, the impact of the simultaneous operation of the INP and CBRR on the load-frequency control (LFC) and performance is comprehensively evaluated with dynamic simulations of a three-CA testing system, which no previous studies investigated before. In addition, a function for correction power adjustment is proposed to prevent the undesirable simultaneous activation of the INP and CBRR. In this way, area control error (ACE) and scheduled control power are decreased since undesired correction is prevented. The dynamic simulations confirmed that the simultaneous operation of the INP and CBRR reduced the balancing energy and decreased the unintended exchange of energy. Consequently, the LFC and performance were improved in this way. However, the impact of the INP and CBRR on the frequency quality has no unambiguous conclusions.

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SURFACE-WAVE PROPAGATION OVER PLANE-LAYERED DIELECTRICS

Canadian Journal of Physics ◽

10.1139/p63-042 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 405-413

Author(s):

D. Morris

Keyword(s):

Surface Wave ◽

Phase Velocity ◽

Experimental Investigations ◽

Total Field ◽

Power Variation ◽

Surface Wave Propagation ◽

Dielectric System ◽

Layered Dielectrics ◽

Layered Dielectric ◽

The Waves

A two-layer dielectric system, consisting of a thin polystyrene sheet on top of water, is examined as a possible guiding structure for surface waves. Experimental investigations, at a frequency of 9.35 Gc/sec, of the phase velocity of the waves close to the surface of the upper layer, and the power variation with height above it, are described. A slow wave was found to propagate near the surface and its phase velocity was found to agree with that predicted theoretically for a TM surface wave. Qualitative agreement between the experimental and theoretical power variation with height confirmed the existence of a surface-wave contribution to the total field above such a layered dielectric system.

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