(New Forecast for Special Assessment in Public Funds Redemption Plan and Policy Responses)

AbstractThe purpose of the article is analysis of participatory budgets as a tool for shaping decisions of local communities on the use of public funds. The authors ask the question of whether the current practice of using the participatory budget is actually a growing trend in local government finances or, after the initial euphoria resulting from participation, society ceased to notice the real possibilities of influencing the directions of public expenditures as an opportunity to legislate public policies implemented. It is expected that the conducted research will allow us to evaluate the participatory budget and indicate whether this tool practically acts as a stimulus for changes in the scope of tasks under public policies. The authors analyzed and evaluated the announced competitions for projects as part of the procedure for elaborating participatory budgeting for selected LGUs. Then, they carried out an in-depth analysis of the data used to assess real social participation in the process of establishing social policies.

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Capital Flows to Developing Countries: Blessing or Curse? (Distinguished Lecture)

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v37i4ipp.125-151 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 37 (4I) ◽

pp. 125-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohsin S. Khan

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Capital Flows ◽

Financial Integration ◽

Foreign Capital ◽

Foreign Debt ◽

Capital Inflows ◽

Private Capital ◽

Policy Responses ◽

Private Capital Flows ◽

Significant Phenomenon

The surge of private capital flows to developing countries that occurred in the 1990s has been the most significant phenomenon of the decade for these countries. By the middle of the decade many developing countries in Asia and Latin America were awash with private foreign capital. In contrast to earlier periods when the scarcity of foreign capital dominated economic policy-making in these countries, the issue now for governments was how to manage the largescale capital inflows to generate higher rates ofinvestrnent and growth. While a number of developing countries were able to benefit substantially from the private foreign financing that globalisation made available to them, it also became apparent that capital inflows were not a complete blessing and could even turn out to be a curse. Indeed, in some countries capital inflows led to rapid monetary expansion, inflationary pressures, real exchange rate appreciation, fmancial sector difficulties, widening current account deficits, and a rapid build-up of foreign debt. In addition, as the experience of Mexico in 1994 and the Asian crisis of 1997-98 demonstrated, financial integration and globalisation can cut both ways. Private capital flows are volatile and eventually there can be a large reversal of capital because of changes in expected asset returns, investor herding behaviour, and contagion effects. Such reversals can lead to recessions and serious problems for financial systems. This paper examines the characteristics, causes and consequences of capital flows to developing countries in the 1990s. It also highlights the appropriate policy responses for governments facing such inflows, specifically to prevent overheating of the economy, and to limit the vulnerability to reversals of capital flows.

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New aspects of power grid facilities personnel workplaces electromagnetic environment

Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology ◽

10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-9-569-574 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (9) ◽

pp. 569-574

Author(s):

Nina B. Rubtsova ◽

Sergey Yu. Perov ◽

Olga V. Belaya ◽

Tatiana A. Konshina

Keyword(s):

Transmission Lines ◽

Power Transmission ◽

Power Grid ◽

Spectral Characteristics ◽

Ground Level ◽

Frequency Characteristics ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Electromagnetic Environment ◽

Limit Values ◽

Special Assessment

Introduction. Electromagnetic safety of power grid facilities staff requires the exclusion of electromagnetic fields (EMF) harmful effects. EMF is evaluated by 50 Hz electric and magnetic fields (EF and MF) values in the framework of working conditions special assessment, and very rarely the analysis of the electromagnetic environment (EME) is carried out in depth. The aim of the study - EME hygienic assessment of power grid EHV facilities personnel workplace with adequate 50 Hz EF and MF levels evaluation as well as the analysis of EF and MF in the frequency range from 5 Hz to 500 Hz amplitude-frequency characteristics. Materials and methods. 50 Hz EF and MF values assessment was carried out on open switchgears (S) of substations and within sanitary breaks of 500 and 750 kV overhead power transmission lines (OTL). Measurements along to OTL trasses was performed using matrix-based method. Measurements and analysis of EF and MF values in 5-500 Hz frequency range amplitude-frequency characteristics were performed in the territory of 500 and 750 kV S. Results. Power frequency 50 Hz measurements results at 500 and 750 kV S ground-level personnel workplaces showed the presence of an excess of permissible limit values by EF intensity and the absence of an excess by MF. The measured EF values within 500 and 750 kV OTL sanitary gaps require limiting the working time of linemen due to the excess of the hygienic norms for full work shift, while the MP levels were almost completely within the standard values for persons not occupationally connected with electrical installations maintenance. MF and EE frequency range from 50 Hz to 500 Hz spectral characteristics analysis showed that 3rd harmonic percentage does not exceed 2.5% for EF and 6% for MF of the main level, the level of the 5th harmonic does not exceed 1% for EF and 3.5% for MF, the level of the 7th harmonic does not exceed 0.2% for EF and 0.8% for MF. These data show despite its low levels the contribution of MF different harmonics in a possible adverse impact on humane than EF corresponding harmonics. Conclusions. There was the confirmation of the previously justified use of the "matrix" scheme for of EF and MF values measurement along OTL routes. The relevance of to EF and MF all frequency components expos ure assessing possible health risk in extremely high voltage S territories and under OTL, based on international recommendations due to the lack of sanitary regulations in the Russian Federation for >50 Hz-30 kHz EF and MF, is shown.

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Optimization of diagnostic system of hand diseases in employees working under combined effects of vibration and physical overloads

Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology ◽

10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-11-950-955 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 950-955

Author(s):

M. M. Poroshina ◽

E. M. Vlasova ◽

A. Ya. Perevalov

Keyword(s):

Working Conditions ◽

Comparison Group ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Diagnostic System ◽

Pain Syndrome ◽

Observation Group ◽

Combined Effects ◽

X Rays ◽

Industrial Enterprises ◽

Special Assessment

The results of research carried out by theFederalScientificCenterfor Medical and Preventive Technologies of Public Health Risk Management Technologies for the period 2013–2018 showed that diseases associated with the combined effects of vibration and physical overload, employees of hazardous industries develop with experience of 15 years or more. The risk group is women older than 35 years and men older than 40 years. Pathology at the stage of detailed clinical manifestations is characterized by persistent pain syndrome, and, as a consequence, a decrease in the ability to work of workers.The aim of the study was to optimize the system of diagnosis of hand diseases in workers of industrial enterprises engaged in labor activities under the combined effects of vibration and physical overload, for the development of primary prevention programs.The observation group consisted of 32 employees aged 39.3±4.3 years, with an experience of 17.4±4.3 years; the comparison group consisted of 30 employees whose working conditions are not related to the studied factors; the average age was 40.6±3.4 years, experience was 19.1±3.1 years. The examination included analysis of the results of a special assessment of working conditions; assessment of neurological status; functional tests; laboratory studies (assessment of inflammation), hand dynamometry, stimulation electroneuromyography; x-rays of the hands and wrist joints, ultrasound examination of the hands.More than half of the surveyed persons of the observation group and 3/4 of the workers of the comparison group did not make complaints. Indicators of dynamometry of workers in both groups corresponded to physiological norm (p>0.05). Analysis of the results of dynamometer with data from previous years of PMO showed a decrease in strength of muscles of the hand leading hands on 2je,0–16. 7% and from 83.3% of the employees of the monitoring group and in 44.4% of the comparison group (p<0.05), in 50 % of the cases there was a decrease in the percentage of changes in the hand force variation (HFV) in the observation group, and in 38.9% of the cases the indicators remained unchanged. According to ultrasound of the hands, signs of tendinopathy were established in 85% of the employees of the observation group in the absence of persons with similar changes in the comparison group.In order to optimize the diagnosis of diseases of the hand in industrial workers who carry out their work under the combined effects of vibration and physical overload, in the case of a decrease in the rate of carpal dynamometry by 5% or more during the year, it is recommended to conduct ultrasound of the tendon-ligamentous apparatus of the hand, which will allow timely identification of early signs of tendinopathy.

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