Ad Fraud Under the Vertical Contract Structure

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yitian (Sky) Liang ◽  
Xinlei Chen ◽  
Yuxin Chen ◽  
Ping Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Contract ◽  
Contract Structure

Perspectives and Regulation of the Russian Market for Project-based Transactions under the Kyoto Protocol

2008 ◽  
pp. 108-125
Author(s):  
K. Zavodov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
New Form ◽  
Contract Structure ◽  
Carbon Fund

Project-based transactions (PBTs) are a market mechanism of attracting foreign investments in order to abate greenhouse gas emissions and increase energy efficiency of the country’s enterprises. The article provides a classification and analyzes advantages and drawbacks of PBTs from the point of view of a host country. The main trends and factors determining the dynamics of the PBT market are described. Given that Russia currently lags behind the leaders of the PBT market, an incorporation of a state carbon fund is put forward with an aim of channelling PBTs through it. This paper proposes a form of PBT market regulation by incorporating an option mechanism into the contract structure of a transaction. A comparison of the new form of regulation with the tools that are currently in use in Russia and other countries demonstrates its greater economic efficiency under uncertainty.

scholarly journals How to Improve Sharia Accountability for Sovereign Sukuk in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Erny Arianty
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
The Third ◽  
Contract Structure ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Level Of Importance

<pre><em>The</em><em> study entitled How to Improve Sharia Accountability for Sovereign Sukuk in Indonesia aims to analyze </em><em>the factor that has the highest level of importance</em><em> in realizing sharia accountability.</em> <em>The analysis of this research is conducted by applying</em><em>  </em><em>Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach </em><em>with a hierarchy structure consisting of the first level, namely objectives, sharia accountability for Sovereign Sukuk/Sovereign Sharia Securities (SBSN), then the second level is shariah accountability parameters, consist of structural contract (akad) SBSN, the use of SBSN funds by maqashid sharia, and SBSN accounting and financial reporting. Each criterion is determined by sub-criteria, which are the third level. The last level is the supporting factors for the realization of sharia accountability for SBSN. </em><em>The results showed that human resources competency factor had the highest importance </em><em>level in realizing the sharia accountability for the use of the contract structure (aqad) SBSN parameter, the supervisory function factor had the highest importance level for the parameters of using SBSN funds following the shariahmaqashid, and the decision making authority factor had the highest importance level for the parameters of accounting and financial reporting.  As for the results of the level of importance of the parameters, the parameter of the use of the contract structure has the highest importance level among other parameters. </em></pre>

scholarly journals IN THE SPIRIT OF FLEXIBILITY": an overview of Renzi’s reforms (the so-called jobs act) to ‘improve’ the italian labour market

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-168
Author(s):  
Maria Tereza Carinci
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Employment Contract ◽  
Control Power ◽  
Contract Structure ◽  
And Control ◽  
Jobs Act

1. The new "indefinite contract with increasing protection" (contratto di lavoro a tempo indeterminato a tutele crescenti): a captivating formula conceals pejorative rules on dismissal in indefinite contracts. – 2. Reduced protection for dismissal and effects on the employment contract structure: the employer's strengthened power (of withdrawal and disciplinary) and the resulting employee interest squeeze. 3. Indefinite contracts and the employer's strengthened powers in performing the employment: ius variandi and control power. 4. A new central position for indefinite contracts within the 'flexible' contract framework? 5. "In the spirit of flexibility": a solution for which problems?

Contract Development

2011 ◽  
pp. 168-183
Author(s):  
P. Gottschalk
Keyword(s):  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Contract Negotiations ◽  
Contract Duration ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Contract Structure ◽  
Duration Relationship ◽  
Outsourcing Contracts ◽  
Technology Upgrading ◽  
Is Outsourcing

According to Graham (2003), one of the games lawyers play in negotiation meetings relating to outsourcing is to bet how long it will be until one party describes the outsourcing as a “partnership.” Nothing could be farther from the truth: the parties’ interests overlap, but they are not congruent, and neither party will put its existence on the line for the other. A relevant approach in contract negotiations is to see the outsourcing as the creation of a long-term, flexible relationship, but one that exists within a framework of rules that support its success while addressing failures practically. The contract, therefore, has a sophisticated role not only as the passive record of the parties’ agreement, but also as the guidebook for the evolving transaction. This chapter considers the structure of the contractual documents and the key issues that need to be reflected in them. Elizur and Wensley (1998) apply game theory in their study of IS outsourcing contracts. They find six typical issues arising in an outsourcing situation: the transfer of IS assets, risk sharing, technology upgrading, contract duration, relationship management, and fee arrangements. In addition, we have added the important topics of due diligence and dispute resolution. We will consider each of these issues separately after our discussion of contract structure.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION AND ALLOCATION OF RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH PPP WATER PROJECTS IN CHINA / SU KINIJOS VANDENS PROJEKTAIS, PAGRĮSTAIS VIEŠOJO IR PRIVAČIOJO SEKTORIŲ PARTNERYSTE, SUSIJUSIŲ RIZIKOS RŪŠIŲ NUSTATYMAS IR PASKIRSTYMAS

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelin Xu ◽  
Yunfang Yang ◽  
Albert P. C. Chan ◽  
John F. Y. Yeung ◽  
Hu Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Allocation Mechanism ◽  
Water Projects ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Management Capability ◽  
Contract Structure ◽  
The Government

As part of a comprehensive research into PPP implementation, nine case studies were scrutinized to explore the critical risks influencing the success of PPP water projects in China. Eleven critical risks were identified from real-life risk events through the content analysis. They were further analyzed in the aspects of risk origin and their allocation mechanism. It has been found that the government risks are considered as the most critical risks encountered by the Chinese project practitioners. To allocate risk, industrial practitioners should not only take into account of their management capability, but they should also pay more attention to the overall balance of risks and benefits, and risk guarantee through rigorous contract structure. The findings presented here are believed to enable interested investors to better understand the risks of PPP water projects in China. Santrauka Atliekant išsamų tyrimą dėl viešojo ir privačiojo sektoriaus partnerystės diegimo, buvo išnagrinėti devyni atvejo tyrimai, siekiant ištirti svarbiausias rizikos rūšis, kurios daro įtaką sėkmingai viešojo ir privačiojo sektoriaus partnerystei Kinijos vandens projektuose. Analizuojant turinį, pagal realius rizikos atvejus nustatyta 11 svarbiausių rizikos rūšių. Jos buvo nagrinėjamos papildomai, apžvelgiant į su rizikos kilme ir jos paskirstymo mechanizmu susijusius aspektus. Nustatyta, kad su vyriausybe susijusios rizikos rūšys laikomos svarbiausiomis rūšimis, su kuriomis susiduria Kinijoje projektus diegiantys asmenys. Siekdami paskirstyti riziką, pramonės atstovai turėtų ne tik atsižvelgti į savo vadybinius pajėgumus, bet ir daugiau dėmesio skirti bendrai rizikos ir naudos pusiausvyrai bei rizikos garantijoms per griežtą sutarčių struktūrą. Manoma, kad čia pateikiamos išvados susidomėjusiems investuotojams leis geriau suprasti, kokia rizika kyla vykdant viešojo ir privačiojo sektoriaus partneryste pagrįstus vandens projektus Kinijoje.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document