Contract Development

2011 ◽  
pp. 168-183
Author(s):  
P. Gottschalk
Keyword(s):  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Contract Negotiations ◽  
Contract Duration ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Contract Structure ◽  
Duration Relationship ◽  
Outsourcing Contracts ◽  
Technology Upgrading ◽  
Is Outsourcing

According to Graham (2003), one of the games lawyers play in negotiation meetings relating to outsourcing is to bet how long it will be until one party describes the outsourcing as a “partnership.” Nothing could be farther from the truth: the parties’ interests overlap, but they are not congruent, and neither party will put its existence on the line for the other. A relevant approach in contract negotiations is to see the outsourcing as the creation of a long-term, flexible relationship, but one that exists within a framework of rules that support its success while addressing failures practically. The contract, therefore, has a sophisticated role not only as the passive record of the parties’ agreement, but also as the guidebook for the evolving transaction. This chapter considers the structure of the contractual documents and the key issues that need to be reflected in them. Elizur and Wensley (1998) apply game theory in their study of IS outsourcing contracts. They find six typical issues arising in an outsourcing situation: the transfer of IS assets, risk sharing, technology upgrading, contract duration, relationship management, and fee arrangements. In addition, we have added the important topics of due diligence and dispute resolution. We will consider each of these issues separately after our discussion of contract structure.

Advances in male and female sex therapy: Expectations and disappointments

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 2036-2036
Author(s):  
Z. Zemishlany
Keyword(s):  
Sex Therapy ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Low Sexual Desire ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Duration Relationship ◽  
Therapy Expectations ◽  
Serotonin 2A ◽  
Male Erectile Dysfunction

The introduction of the PDE-5 inhibitors for male erectile dysfunction (ED) evolved expectations for 70–80% of efficacy as has been shown in short term studies. Ten years later, we are aware of their limitation: PDE-5 inhibitors are not efficient when desire is lacking, as well as in severe ED. Also, long term studies showed a lesser degree of efficacy.The new pharmacological treatment for premature ejaculation, Dapoxetine, has been developed as a short acting SSRI. It has been shown to increase the time for ejaculation by three folds but has some adverse effects including nausea and fainting (due to hypotension).Low desire is the most common sexual complaint in females. New pharmacological treatments include Bupropion 150 mg/day and Flibanserin 150 mg/day, although the evidence for efficacy is not conclusive. Their proposed mechanism is an increase in dopamine and norepinephrine activity. Flibanserin is an antagonist at the serotonin 2A receptor and an agonist of the serotonin 1A and dopamine D4 receptors.Estrogen and/or testosterone replacement may be beneficial in appropriate cases.There is a growing awareness in the last decade that low sexual desire in women is associated with age, relationship duration, relationship distress and complaints of anxiety and depression. Those psycho-social factors might limit the role of pharmacological agents.Sex therapy should always consider and relate to these key issues

Populism and Liberal Democracy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takis S. Pappas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comprehensive Theory ◽  
The People ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
Definition Of

Based on an original definition of modern populism as “democratic illiberalism” and many years of meticulous research, Takis Pappas marshals extraordinary empirical evidence from Argentina, Greece, Peru, Italy, Venezuela, Ecuador, Hungary, the United States, Spain, and Brazil to develop a comprehensive theory about populism. He addresses all key issues in the debate about populism and answers significant questions of great relevance for today’s liberal democracy, including: • What is modern populism and how can it be differentiated from comparable phenomena like nativism and autocracy? • Where in Latin America has populism become most successful? Where in Europe did it emerge first? Why did its rise to power in the United States come so late? • Is Trump a populist and, if so, could he be compared best with Venezuela’s Chávez, France’s Le Pens, or Turkey’s Erdoğan? • Why has populism thrived in post-authoritarian Greece but not in Spain? And why in Argentina and not in Brazil? • Can populism ever succeed without a charismatic leader? If not, what does leadership tell us about how to challenge populism? • Who are “the people” who vote for populist parties, how are these “made” into a group, and what is in their minds? • Is there a “populist blueprint” that all populists use when in power? And what are the long-term consequences of populist rule? • What does the expansion, and possibly solidification, of populism mean for the very nature and future of contemporary democracy? Populism and Liberal Democracy will change the ways the reader understands populism and imagines the prospects of liberal democracy.

Other Biological Approaches to OCD

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole C. R. McLaughlin ◽  
Benjamin D. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Term Management ◽  
Deep Brain

Interest in psychiatric neurosurgery has waxed and waned since the 1930s. This chapter reviews the history of these methods, with a focus on OCD. This review of lesion procedures and deep brain stimulation includes neuropsychological and neuroimaging research in the context of putative neurocircuitry underlying symptoms and response to treatment. The chapter highlights how an abundance of caution is needed, as well as key issues in long-term management of patients so treated.

Gaining access to the field in medical ethnography: Reflections on ethical, methodological, and structural challenges in the study of long-term care facilities

2021 ◽  
pp. 136345932098887
Author(s):  
Neta Roitenberg
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Access To The Field ◽  
Medical Ethnography

The article extends the discussion on the challenges in gaining access to the field in medical ethnographic research, focusing on long-term care (LTC) facilities. Medical institutions have been documented to be difficult sites to access. The reference, however, is to the recruitment of patients as informants. The challenges of recruiting practitioners as informants have not been investigated at all. The article presents the key issues that emerged in the process of gaining social access at the sites of two LTC facilities as part of a study on care workers’ identities. The main obstacles encountered during the fieldwork were organizational constraints and negotiating control over the process of recruiting the lower occupational tier of care workers with gatekeepers. The article presents the coping strategies implemented to overcome the ethical and methodological obstacles: continually reassessing the consent and cooperation of participants and developing a rapport with nurse’s aides during interviews.

scholarly journals Measuring the long-term effects of informal science education experiences: challenges and potential solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Staus ◽  
John H. Falk ◽  
Aaron Price ◽  
Robert H. Tai ◽  
Lynn D. Dierking
Keyword(s):  
Science Learning ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Informal Science Education ◽  
Informal Science ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Informal Science Learning ◽  
Learner Outcomes ◽  
Key Issues

AbstractDespite the fact that most science learning takes place outside of school, little is known about how engagement in informal science learning (ISL) experiences affects learners’ knowledge, skill development, interest, or identities over long periods of time. Although substantial ISL research has documented short-term outcomes such as the learning that takes place during a science center visit, research suggests that the genuine benefits of informal experiences are long-term transformations in learners as they pursue a “cascade” of experiences subsequent to the initial educational event. However, a number of major methodological challenges have limited longitudinal research projects investigating the long-term effects of ISL experiences. In this paper we identify and address four key issues surrounding the critical but challenging area of how to study and measure the long-term effects or impacts of ISL experiences: attribution, attrition, data collection, and analytic approaches. Our objective is to provide guidance to ISL researchers wishing to engage in long-term investigations of learner outcomes and to begin a dialogue about how best to address the numerous challenges involved in this work.

scholarly journals The nature of crowdfunding in China: initial evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaiyu Huang ◽  
Candy Lim Chiu ◽  
Sha Mo ◽  
Rob Marjerison
Keyword(s):  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop initial evidence about the nature and features of crowdfunding in China, given it is largely unregulated regulatory frameworks. Design/methodology/approach The paper used extensive desk research using data collected from the public and private sectors, after which the data was analyzed parallel to existing academic literature, that is, institutional context by Bruton et al. (2014). This paper uncovered patterns of development, profiling crowdfunding platforms, examining the regulatory landscape and providing antecedents of successful crowdfunding projects in China. Findings When the traditional financial markets are hard to reach, micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) were starved for capital. Crowdfunding can play a major role in funding and risk sharing. It is an innovative and dynamic vehicle for MSMEs as well as enthusiastic investors in China. Since its initial introduction to China in 2009, crowdfunding has gained substantial popularity in a relatively short period. Currently, there is still not an identifiable guideline on how to delineate the significance of the crowdfunding platform. The development of crowdfunding in China faces a few unresolved key issues. As researchers exploring this phenomenon in new ways, crowdfunding platforms can be enhanced in a manner that benefits the capital seeker, investors and society as a whole. Originality/value There is a dearth of information on start-up crowdfunding in Asia. With little data available to analyze, so this paper hopes to contribute to knowledge and provide valuable information to researchers and industry representations. Crowdfunding represents a potentially disruptive change in the way that new ventures are funded. This paper represents an initial analysis in the study of new ventures in China. Finally, the authors provide recommendations for entrepreneurs, investors and policymakers as well as researchers and practitioners with suggestions about yet unexplored avenues of research.

Durability of potential plutonium wasteforms under repository conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 2911-2918 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Deissmann ◽  
S. Neumeier ◽  
G. Modolo ◽  
D. Bosbach
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Geological Disposal ◽  
Aqueous Environments ◽  
Safety Case ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Uk ◽  
High Level ◽  
Radionuclide Release

AbstractSeparated stocks of UK civil plutonium are currently held as a zero value asset in storage, as there is no final decision about whether they should be treated as a resource for future use as nuclear fuel or as waste. Irrespective of future UK government strategies regarding plutonium, at least a portion of the UK civil plutonium inventory will be designated for geological disposal. In this context, we performed a high-level review of the performance of potential wasteforms for the disposal of separated civil plutonium. The key issues considered were the durability and chemical reactivity of the wasteforms in aqueous environments and the long-term radionuclide release under conditions relevant to geological disposal. The major findings of the review, relevant not only to the situation in the UK but to plutonium disposal in general, are summarized in this paper. The review showed that, in the event of a decision being taken to declare plutonium as a waste for disposal, more systematic studies would be required to constrain the wasteform performance under repository conditions in order to derive realistic source terms for a safety case.

Relevance and Objectives of Carrying Out Professional and Public Accreditation of Educational Programs in the Field of Human Resource Management

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
O. Vlasova ◽  
Valeriya Konovalova ◽  
M. Fedotova
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Educational Organization ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Short And Long Term

The article is devoted to the development of the practice of applying the procedures of professional and public accreditation of educational programs in the field of human resource management. An overview of the regulatory and methodological framework for conducting accreditation examinations is presented. The key issues of interaction between the Council for Professional Qualifications, the accrediting and educational organization are identified, their content is disclosed and recommendations for educational organizations on preparing for the accreditation examination are presented. The article presents an analysis of the main advantages that educational organizations receive when conducting professional-public accreditation of educational programs and the reasons for their resistance, among which a low level of awareness of the accreditation procedure, the benefits of its implementation in the short and long term, is highlighted. A number of prospects for the development of professional-public accreditation and the use of its results have been substantiated, which can contribute to an increase in the interest of participants in the educational services market.

Regional OutlookContinental Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 475-478
Author(s):  
Ellen M. Immergut
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Administrative Practices ◽  
Health Politics ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Key Issues

The Continental Europe regional outlook presents a comparative assessment of the historical development of the healthcare system, health politics, and selected health-related indicators for Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. In terms of health financing, these countries rely on the compulsory contributory insurance and corporatist administrative practices characteristic of Bismarckian health systems, to which the Netherlands and Switzerland have added mandated private insurance. Health outcomes are very positive, with high life expectancy, low infant mortality, and comparatively low levels of health inequality. Unmet need is the lowest in Europe, and satisfaction is among the highest. Since at least 2002, healthcare has tended to be a highly salient issue for Germany and the Netherlands, but not so for Belgium and Luxembourg, the two countries with the highest levels of public satisfaction with the health system. The key issues in Continental Europe have been cost containment, patient rights, and the introduction of long-term care, as well as some discussion of the role of private insurance and the efficiency of corporatist institutions.

Curriculum and Online Course Development Framework

2021 ◽  
pp. 223-251
Author(s):  
Piti G. Kanjanapongpaisal ◽  
Florence Wolfe Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Online Instruction ◽  
Online Course ◽  
Online Curriculum ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
The World ◽  
Online Course Development ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Development Phases

The online pivot necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 has placed online instruction in the spotlight. While schools and universities around the world quickly moved classes online and kept students learning, it became apparent that most institutions and instructors lacked a solid foundation in creating online curriculum. Recognizing that online instruction is here for the long-term, building skills in creating and managing the online curriculum is essential. This chapter covers the history and foundations of curriculum, explores key issues and opportunities for educators just getting started with online learning, and recommends foundational practices for developing effective online curriculum. The approach takes a practical perspective, stepping through the curriculum development phases and concluding with a look at some of the challenges curriculum developers and instructors face.

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