scholarly journals On the Benefits of Being Alone: Scheduling Changes, Intensity of Competition and Dynamic Airline Pricing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannis Kerkemezos ◽  
Bas Karreman
Keyword(s):  
Airline Pricing ◽  
Intensity Of Competition

Competition and Commercialisation of Microfinance Institutions: Implications for the Sector

Think India ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Joyeeta Deb
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Development Programme ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Dependent Development ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
Low Income Population ◽  
Development Institutions ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Intensity Of Competition ◽  
Theoretical Standpoint

Until 1990s microfinance was mainly seen as an impact – driven development programme based on the support of government and private donors. However, the failure of many subsidy dependent development institutions advocated for microfinance institutions to be self-sufficient and sustainable. This prompted MFIs to be commercially oriented and profit motivated. Also, with the growing proliferation of new providers of microcredit and influx of commercial investment in the sector, there is an increasing intensity of competition in the sector. Increased competition coupled with commercialisation helped in integrating the low-income population into a more formal financial system. But critics view that, this process has led the MFIs to search for better off clientele, thereby in many cases, departing from their social mission. Increasing competition followed by saturation in the sector has led to the mission drift of MFIs and has become a major cause of concern globally. However, some view this process to be a “win-win’ scenario whereby there exists scope for widening outreach and attaining sustainability. The present paper is devoted to examine the process of commercialisation and gauge the potential impact of competition and commercialisation of microfinance institutions on MFI performance from a theoretical standpoint.

Endogenous Markups, Intensity of Competition, and Persistence of Business Cycles

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 546-565
Author(s):  
Junxi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycles ◽  
Intensity Of Competition

scholarly journals Detecting the Competition between Moso Bamboos and Broad-Leaved Trees in Mixed Forests Using a Terrestrial Laser Scanner

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingjie Yan ◽  
Mingpeng Xia ◽  
Shaohui Fan ◽  
Meichun Zhan ◽  
Fengying Guan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Phyllostachys Pubescens ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Convex Hull Algorithm ◽  
Intensity Of Competition ◽  
Multiple Interactions

The growth of individual trees in a forest is affected by many factors, a crucial one being the intensity of competition among trees, because it affects the spatial structure of the forest and is in turn influenced by silvicultural practices. In a mixed forest in particular, the growth of trees is affected by multiple interactions. To analyse the competition between moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens (Pradelle) Mazel ex J.Houz.) and broad-leaved trees in a mixed forest, data were extracted by sampling six spots within such a forest using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). The convex hull algorithm was used for calculating the overlap volume between the crowns of the broad-leaved trees and the bamboo canopy. Bamboos growing at least 3 m away from any of the broad-leaved trees were the most numerous and the diameter at breast height (DBH) is larger than those growing closer than that, which suggests that broad-leaved trees suppressed the growth of bamboo if they are closer but promote it beyond 3 m up to a point at which the distance is too great for any such effect. The modified Hegyi’s competition index was constructed based on the canopy factor, which may better describe the competitive interaction among the trees and bamboos. Using TLS can enhance our understanding of the competition among trees in mixed forests and help in planning the spatial structure of such forests in general and provide a benchmark for choosing planting distances in particular.

scholarly journals Effects of channel encroachment on the software and service decisions in it supply chains

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Tinghai Ren ◽  
Nengmin Zeng ◽  
Dafei Wang ◽  
Shuwei Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
High Price ◽  
Software Developers ◽  
Sales Price ◽  
Software Developer ◽  
It Service ◽  
Extended Warranty ◽  
Service Supply Chain ◽  
Intensity Of Competition

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>Currently, many upstream software developers not only sell software through downstream service providers, but also directly sell it to clients. However, in the field of IT service supply chain management, there is a lack of research on the channel encroachment of software developers. In this study, we consider an IT service supply chain with a software developer, a service provider and client enterprises. Clients can either purchase the software (developed by the software developer) from the provider with a high price and additional pre-sale services, or directly purchase it from the developer with a low price but without pre-sale service. After purchasing the software, the clients can also purchase the extended warranty service from the developer. The study shows that the market size occupied by the developer and the intensity of competition between the two parties will neither affect the developer's product and service pricing decisions, nor influence the total demand for software products and extended warranty services, and thus will not impact his own profit. However, these factors will impact the provider's decisions for pre-sale service quality and software sales price, thereby affecting the provider's software demand and profit, and thus impact the performance of the supply chain. In addition, as the intensity of competition between both parties increases, the provider will simultaneously choose to reduce the pre-sales service quality and the software sales price to compete with the developer. Different from conclusions of the existing research on competition, we surprisingly observe that as the sensitivity of client enterprises to the extended warranty services price increases, both parties will increase the software price to compete. The encroachment of the developer will reduce the provider's software demand and profit, and thus lead to a decline in the performance of the supply chain. Therefore, the encroachment of the developer is an act of squeezing out partners by decreasing the profit of the provider, but without affecting his own profit.</p>

scholarly journals A Study of Competition and Concentration of Indian Mortgage (Housing) Finance using Herfindahl Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Ingle
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Housing Finance ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Customer Demand ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
Intensity Of Competition ◽  
Supply Side Factors ◽  
National Housing

The growth in housing activities in recent years reflects the optimistic state of the housing finance market in the country. With a growing number of players, the mortgage (housing) finance sector is becoming market driven. The market has witnessed change in lending practices in certain segments to accommodate customer needs. There seems to be high intensity of competition among different players of the housing finance sector. The findings of the study reveal that the business of housing finance is highly concentrated in nature and revolves around a few players only. The top players are HDFC Limited, National Housing Bank, SBI, ICICI and LICHFL. Amongst these three HFIs, HDFC Limited is taking the lead. Talking about the value of HH index with respect to the level of concentration, the trend has continued to remain the same over several years. The performance of these institutions has been influenced by more than just customer demand. Stricter NPA norms, softening interest rates, and stiff competition in mobilizing low-cost deposits have all affected the supply-side factors, which in turn has influenced the performance of these institutions in terms of volume and competitiveness.

scholarly journals Projection of Private Values in Auctions

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (10) ◽  
pp. 3256-3298
Author(s):  
Tristan Gagnon-Bartsch ◽  
Marco Pagnozzi ◽  
Antonio Rosato
Keyword(s):  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Reserve Price ◽  
English Auctions ◽  
Common Value ◽  
Private Values ◽  
Optimal Reserve ◽  
Intensity Of Competition

We explore how taste projection—the tendency to overestimate how similar others’ tastes are to one’s own—affects bidding in auctions. In first-price auctions with private values, taste projection leads bidders to exaggerate the intensity of competition and, consequently, to overbid—irrespective of whether values are independent, affiliated, or (a)symmetric. Moreover, the optimal reserve price is lower than the rational benchmark, and decreasing in the extent of projection and the number of bidders. With an uncertain common-value component, projecting bidders draw distorted inferences about others’ information. This misinference is stronger in second-price and English auctions, reducing their allocative efficiency compared to first-price auctions. (JEL D11, D44, D82, D83)

scholarly journals PENGARUH INTENSITAS PERSAINGAN, DELEGASI, STRATEGI DAN PERUBAHAN SISTEM AKUNTANSI MANAJEMEN TERHADAP KINERJA ORGANISASI

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-135
Author(s):  
Rohaelis Nuraisiah
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Management Accounting ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Delegation Of Authority ◽  
Intensity Of Competition ◽  
Management Accounting System

This study examined the correlation between competition intensity, delegation, strategy, management accounting system changes, and organizational performance. This study took a manufacturing company located in Banten Province as the object of research. The number of samples in this study were 72 respondents. Data were analyzed by using SEM (Structural Equation Model) through the program SmartPLS (Partial Least Square) version 1.0. The results of this study states the intensity of competition has positive influence on the delegation of authority. The intensity of competition has positive influence on changes in management accounting system. The intensity of competition has positive influence on organizational performance. Delegation of authority has positive influence on changes in management accounting system. Delegation of authority has positive influence on organizational performance. Changes in accounting management system has positive effects on organizational performance. The intensity of competition has positive influence on strategy. Strategy has positive influence on organizational performance. Manufacturing companies are expected to be used as a tool for evaluation and improvement of performance. Further research is expected to add external factors  variable (information technology, organizational culture, etc.) and add to more respondents. Researchers are also expected to develop further research of various other business entities, such as the banking, hotel, service, commercial or state enterprise. Scope of the research is the sampling object.

THE EFFECTS OF COMPETITIVE INTENSITY AND TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM AND FIRM PERFORMANCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (16) ◽  
pp. 15-35
Author(s):  
Kayhan AHMETOĞULLARI ◽  
Rahmi YÜCEL
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Technology Management ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Accounting Information System ◽  
Accounting Information Systems ◽  
Collaborative Technology ◽  
Internal Accounting ◽  
Intensity Of Competition

In today's conditions, where the intensity of the competition is high, the achievement of the desired performance outputs of the companies is closely related to the better understanding of the performance leaders. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of competitive intensity and technology management on firm performance through the accounting information system. The study covers data obtained from 256 SME managers in the West Marmara region. The data obtained were analyzed with the help of exploratory factor and multiple regression analysis. According to the exploratory factor analysis results, the variables were divided into sub-factors and the regression analysis was performed between the sub-components. As a result, the tendency of companies to preventive technology management and the increase in the use of internal and external accounting information systems increase the financial performance of companies in a meaningful and positive way. On the other hand, the increase in the intensity of competition, the use of company protective technology management and internal accounting information systems increases the market performance of the company in a meaningful and positive way. Again, the intensity of competition and the increase in collaborative technology management increase the use of external accounting information systems. Collaborative technology management increases the use of internal accounting information system. Finally, increased competition intensity increases collaborative technology management.

Sharing Demand Information with Retailer Under Upstream Competition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Jain
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Private Information ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Substitutable Products ◽  
Downward Pressure ◽  
Demand Information ◽  
Intensity Of Competition ◽  
Share Information

We analyze demand information sharing collaboration between two manufacturers and a retailer under upstream competition. The manufacturers produce partially substitutable products, which are stocked by the retailer that sells them in the market characterized by random demand. The manufacturers are privately informed about uncertain demand and decide on whether to share this information with the retailer. We show that by not sharing information, a manufacturer ends up distorting its wholesale price upward to signal its private information to the retailer, and under upstream competition, this distortion is propagated to the competing manufacturer. Thus, although a manufacturer’s decision to not share information may benefit or hurt its own profit, this always benefits the competing manufacturer. Under low intensity of competition, signaling-driven distortions exacerbate double marginalization and hurt all parties, whereas under more intense competition, these distortions help manufacturers offset downward pressure on wholesale prices. Thus, in equilibrium similarly informed manufacturers share information in the former case but not in the latter case. Additionally, when manufacturers differ in their information accuracies, only the better-informed manufacturer shares information. The retailer always benefits from both manufacturers sharing information, and its benefits are larger when the better-informed manufacturer shares information. We show existence of a contracting mechanism the retailer can employ to enable information sharing. Finally, we analyze manufacturers’ information acquisition decisions and find that under competition, two manufacturers acquire minimal information so that they are better off not sharing information in the information sharing game. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.

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