Chronic Early-Life Stress Increases Cognitive Impulsivity and D2 Immunoreactivity in the Nucleus Accumbens of Adult Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Laguna ◽  
Naima Lajud ◽  
Jorge Juárez ◽  
Araceli Sanz-Martin
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Cognitive Impulsivity

The effects of early life stress on context fear generalization in adult rats.

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie D. Elliott ◽  
Rick Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Fear Generalization

Abstract 403: Renal Denervation Reveals Renal Sympathetic Activation in Adult Rats Exposed to Early Life Stress

Hypertension ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Analia S Loria ◽  
Michael W Brands ◽  
David M Pollock ◽  
Jennifer S Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Renal Denervation ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Renal Nerves ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Baseline Conditions ◽  
Control Sham ◽  
Renal Sympathetic

We previously reported that maternal separation (MS), a model of early life stress, does not modify baseline blood pressure in adult rats, but increases sensitivity to hypertensive stimuli. Under baseline conditions, adult male rats exposed to MS have significantly reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Acute phenylephrine-induced reductions in renal blood flow is significantly attenuated in rats exposed to MS compared to control rats. Furthermore, norephinephrine (NE) content was increased in renal cortex of MS rats compared to control rats (p<0.05). These data indicate that MS induces increased renal sympathetic outflow. Thus, we hypothesized that renal denervation will normalize GFR in rats exposed to MS. Male WKY rat pups were separated from their mothers for 3 hrs/day during the morning hours from day 2 to 14 of life. Male non-separated littermates served as control rats. Experiments were performed in 300-320 g adult rats. Denervation (DnX) was performed mechanically stripping all visible renal nerves followed by topical phenol (10%) on the renal artery. Control-sham, MS-sham, control-DnX, and MS-DnX rats were instrumented with catheters in the femoral vein and abdominal aorta. Rats were placed in metabolic cages, connected to swivels, and allowed to recover for 4-5 days. Sodium intake was clamped at 2.8 mEq/day in both groups by combining sodium deficient diet and 24 hr/day 0.9% iv saline infusion (20 ml/day). GFR was determined by plasma clearance of [125I]iothalamate in the conscious state. During baseline conditions, MAP was not different between control-sham and MS-sham rats (99±4 vs 97±2 mmHg, respectively). MAP was reduced in both control-DnX and MS-DnX rats (91±2 mmHg and 83±3 mmHg, p<0.05, respectively) compared with the respective sham group. The reduction in MAP tended to be greater in MS than in control rats (-9±1 and -14±2 mmHg, p=0.074). DnX did not modify GFR in control rats (sham: 3.1±0.1 ml/min vs DnX: 3.5±0.4 ml/min). However, DnX significantly increased GFR in rats exposed to MS (sham: 2.4±0.2 ml/min vs DnX: 3.8±0.4 ml/min, p<0.05). These data support our hypothesis that MS induces increased renal sympathetic tone to reduce GFR in MS male rats, and may contribute to the exacerbated response to hypertensive stimuli observed in MS rats.

Abstract 008: Early Life Stress Induces Renal Pro-inflammatory Immune Responses

Hypertension ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen De Miguel ◽  
Dao H Ho ◽  
Analia S Loria ◽  
Ijeoma Obi ◽  
Jennifer S Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Inflammatory Status

We previously reported that maternal separation (MatSep), an animal model of early life stress, sensitizes rats to pro-hypertensive stimuli in adulthood. We hypothesized that MatSep induces a renal pro-inflammatory immune response. Immune cell populations and expression of cytokines were assessed by magnetic bead isolation, FACS analysis, ELISA and RT-PCR in adult male MatSep and normally-reared littermate control rats. Circulating and renal mononuclear or T cell numbers were similar between control and MatSep rats (n=4-11/group, p>0.05). Both groups presented similar percentages of circulating macrophages and T H , T C , and T reg cells (n=4, p>0.05). However, the percentage of circulating B cells was significantly decreased in MatSep rats (23.7±1.2% vs. 20.1±0.7%; n=4, p<0.05). Pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1Beta was significantly elevated in kidneys from MatSep rats (4.4±0.5 vs. 7.9±1.0 pg/mg prot; n=7-8/group; p<0.05). However, IFN-gamma, IL-6, and IL-4 were not different between control and MatSep rats. To further assess the immune system in MatSep and control rats, we acutely challenged adult rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 2 mg/kg; i.v., 14 h). LPS significantly elevated renal expression of pro-inflammatory chemokine receptors (CCR3, CCR4, CXCR4), cytokines (IFN-gamma, CCL3, CCL4, IL-16), and activation markers (CD40, CD40lg) in MatSep rats (4 to 6 fold increase; n=5/group, p<0.05), suggesting that MatSep induces an exaggerated pro-inflammatory renal immune response to LPS. In conclusion, early life stress induces a renal pro-inflammatory status in adulthood that leads to sensitization to further immune challenges. Funded by P01 HL 69999 to JSP, NIH T32 DK007545 to CDM, F32 HL 116145 to DHH and K99/R00 HL 111354 to ASL.

scholarly journals Early-life stress alters sleep structure and the excitatory-inhibitory balance in the nucleus accumbens in aged mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (13) ◽  
pp. 1582-1590
Author(s):  
Ting Wang ◽  
Hong-Li Wang ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Sleep Structure ◽  
Aged Mice

P.579 Sex differences in depressive-like behavior in adult rats subjected to early life stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S405
Author(s):  
N. Broshevitskaya ◽  
I. Pavlova ◽  
M. Zaichenko ◽  
V. Gruzdeva ◽  
G. Grigoryan
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Adult Rats

scholarly journals Early Life Stress Associated With Increased Striatal N-Acetyl-Aspartate: Cerebrospinal Fluid Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Concentrations, Hippocampal Volume, Body Mass, and Behavioral Correlates

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 247054701876845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy D. Coplan ◽  
Dunyue Lu ◽  
Alexander M. El Sehamy ◽  
Cheuk Tang ◽  
Andrea P. Jackowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Stress Markers

Introduction Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging, the effects of early life stress on nonhuman primate striatal neuronal integrity were examined as reflected by N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) concentrations. NAA measures were interrogated through examining their relationship to previously documented early life stress markers—cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing factor concentrations, hippocampal volume, body mass, and behavioral timidity. Rodent models of depression exhibit increases in neurotrophic effects in the nucleus accumbens. We hypothesized that rearing under conditions of early life stress (variable foraging demand, VFD) would produce persistent elevations of NAA concentrations (in absolute or ratio form) in ventral striatum/caudate nucleus (VS/CN) with altered correlation to early life stress markers. Methods Eleven bonnet macaque males reared under VFD conditions and seven age-matched control subjects underwent proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging during young adulthood. Voxels were placed over VS/CN to capture nucleus accumbens. Cisternal cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing factor concentrations, hippocampal volume, body mass, and response to a human intruder had been previously determined. Results VFD-reared monkeys exhibited significantly increased NAA/creatine concentrations in right VS/CN in comparison to normally reared controls, controlling for multiple comparisons. In comparison to controls, VFD cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing factor concentrations were directly associated with right VS/CN absolute NAA. Left hippocampal volume was inversely associated with left VS/CN NAA/creatine in VFD reared but not in controls. Disruption of a normative inverse correlation between left VS/CN NAA and body mass was noted in VFD. Only non-VFD subjects exhibited a direct relationship between timidity response to an intruder and right VS/CN NAA. Conclusion Early life stress produced persistent increases in VS/CN NAA, which demonstrated specific patterns of association (or lack thereof) to early life stress markers in comparison to non-VFD subjects. The data are broadly consistent with a stable nonhuman primate phenotype of anxiety and mood disorder vulnerability whereby in vivo indicators of neuronal integrity, although reduced in hippocampus, are increased in striatum. The findings may provide a catalyst for further studies in humans and other species regarding a reciprocal hippocampal/nucleus accumbens relationship in affective disorders.

Early life stress induces submissive behavior in adult rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 372 ◽  
pp. 112025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Frank ◽  
Alexander Zlotnik ◽  
Ora Kofman ◽  
Julia Grinshpun ◽  
Olena Severynovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Submissive Behavior

scholarly journals Early Life Stress Induces Different Behaviors in Adolescence and Adulthood May Related With Abnormal Medial Prefrontal Cortex Excitation/Inhibition Balance

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwen Chen ◽  
Yuanjia Zheng ◽  
Jinglan Yan ◽  
Chuanan Zhu ◽  
Xuan Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Pulse Ratio ◽  
Action Potential Frequency ◽  
Adolescent Rats ◽  
Potential Frequency

Early life stress is thought to be a risk factor for emotional disorders, particularly depression and anxiety. Although the excitation/inhibition (E/I) imbalance has been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, whether early life stress affects the E/I balance in the medial prefrontal cortex at various developmental stages is unclear. In this study, rats exposed to maternal separation (MS) that exhibited a well-established early life stress paradigm were used to evaluate the E/I balance in adolescence (postnatal day P43–60) and adulthood (P82–100) by behavior tests, whole-cell recordings, and microdialysis coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis. First, the behavioral tests revealed that MS induced both anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in adolescent rats but only depressive-like behavior in adult rats. Second, MS increased the action potential frequency and E/I balance of synaptic transmission onto L5 pyramidal neurons in the prelimbic (PrL) brain region of adolescent rats while decreasing the action potential frequency and E/I balance in adult rats. Finally, MS increases extracellular glutamate levels and decreased the paired-pulse ratio of evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) of pyramidal neurons in the PrL of adolescent rats. In contrast, MS decreased extracellular glutamate levels and increased the paired-pulse ratio of evoked EPSCs of pyramidal neurons in the PrL of adult rats. The present results reveal a key role of E/I balance in different MS-induced disorders may related to the altered probability of presynaptic glutamate release at different developmental stages.

Early Life Stress Increases Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine Signaling

2014 ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Jordan T. Yorgason ◽  
Jeffrey L. Weiner ◽  
Sara R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Dopamine Signaling
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