The Real Nature of Credit Rating Transitions

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Eisenkopf
Keyword(s):  
Credit Rating ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
Rating Transitions

King William and the Brecc Bennach in 1211: reliquary or holy banner?

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Good Reason ◽  
National Museum ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Nature

In his Rhind Lectures of 1879 Joseph Anderson argued for identifying the Monymusk Reliquary, now in the National Museum of Scotland, with the Brecc Bennach, something whose custody was granted to Arbroath abbey by King William in 1211. In 2001 David H. Caldwell called this into question with good reason. Part of the argument relied on different interpretations of the word uexillum, ‘banner’, taken for a portable shrine by William Reeves and for a reliquary used as battle-standard by Anderson. It is argued here that none of this is relevant to the question. The Brecc Bennach is called a banner only as a guess at its long-forgotten nature in two late deeds. The word brecc, however, is used in the name of an extant reliquary, Brecc Máedóc, and Anderson was correct to think this provided a clue to the real nature of the Brecc Bennach. It was almost certainly a small portable reliquary, of unknown provenance but associated with St Columba. The king granted custody to the monks of Arbroath at a time when he was facing a rebellion in Ross, posing intriguing questions about his intentions towards this old Gaelic object of veneration.

“The Real Nature and Spirit of Our Lives”

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Porterfield
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Labor Unions ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Fourteenth Amendment ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
Republican Liberty ◽  
The U.S

Proponents of social evolution blurred boundaries between commerce and Christianity after the Civil War, championing Christian work as a means to economic growth, republican liberty, and national prosperity. Meanwhile, workers invoked Christ to condemn patronizing attitudes toward labor, and by organizing labor unions to hold capitalists accountable to Pauline ideals of social membership. Influenced by organic theories of social organization that traced modern corporations to medieval institutions, U.S. courts began recognizing corporations as natural persons protected by rights guaranteed in the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which had originally be crafted to protect the rights of African Americans.

The Real Nature of Pragmatism and Chicago Sociology

1983 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Rochberg-Halton
Keyword(s):  
The Real ◽  
Real Nature

Judge and Doctor

1887 ◽  
Vol 32 (140) ◽  
pp. 526-529
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Golden Rule ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Common Object ◽  
The Real ◽  
Medical Opinion ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
The Law ◽  
Answering Questions ◽  
General Appearance

We venture to think that there was recently a considerable rapprochement between the judicial and the medical mode of viewing certain criminal acts. Friendly intercourse between judges and mental physicians has had the beneficial effect of opening the eyes of some of the former to the real nature of crimes committed by the insane, while very possibly the latter have derived benefit from the free intercommunication of ideas in regard to a just judgment of matters upon which lawyers and physicians must at bottom have a common object—simple justice. We are sure that no judge really wishes an irresponsible man to be punished, and it is very certain no medical man wishes the guilty criminal to escape the penalties of the law. There are occasions, however, when we think that judges are somewhat unduly disposed to set aside the evidence of medical men, and not only to lay down the law, but to go out of their way to influence the jury in a direction contrary to that of the medical opinion given in evidence. As an example of judicial discourtesy we might instance the petulant language of Baron Huddleston in the course of a trial at the Devon and Cornwall Assizes last November, in which he seemed to us to forget the golden rule in his brusque treatment of a medical witness. And, again, the same judge more recently acted in a way which has somewhat rudely shaken the hope and belief above expressed, and made us fear that our judges may sometimes “indifferently minister justice” in the least favourable construction of that phrase. At the Winchester assizes, in November, a young man (Russell) was charged before Baron Huddleston with murdering his grandmother. Among other witnesses, Dr. J. G. Symes, for thirty years Superintendent of the Dorset County Asylum, who had examined the prisoner by desire of the Home Office, alleged that he was of low intellect, from his mode of answering questions and his general appearance. He appeared indifferent to his position and to the act he had committed. He did not display any excitement or delusions during the interview, and appeared to know right from wrong, but, in his report to the Treasury, Dr. Symes stated that at the time of the murder he was, in his belief, of unsound mind, an opinion the judge would not allow him to express in Court. The prisoner had had fits. In his summing up, the judge animadverted upon the evidence of medical men, and he thought it proper to assert that they usurped the functions of a jury in getting into the witness-box to show their knowledge and ventilate their own fancies and theories without being able to give the reasons on which they based their conclusions. Happily, the jury, while finding the prisoner guilty of murder, strongly recommended him to mercy on account of weak intellect, and he has heen reprieved.

scholarly journals Unveiling the Nature of INTEGRAL Objects: a Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 240-245
Author(s):  
Pietro Parisi
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Active Galaxies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
X Ray Binaries

Since its launch in October 2002, the <em>INTEGRAL</em> observatory has improved our knowledge of the hard X-ray sky above 20 keV, carrying out more than ten years of observations in the energy range from 5 keV to 8 MeV. The most recently published <em>INTEGRAL</em>/IBIS surveys listed more than seven hundred sources in the 20-100 keV band. Most of these objects are either Active Galaxies (AGNs) or X-ray binaries; a fraction of both classes is made of highly absorbed sources, often associated with dim optical counterparts. Despite the big eort in the identication process, a large part of these IBIS objects (~25% of them) still remains unclassied. Cross-correlation with archival catalogues and/or multiwaveband follow-up observations are of invaluable help to identify and properly classify this unknown objects, but only optical or IR spectroscopy with ground based telescopes in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere can reveal the real nature of these objects. In this work we report on source types that we nd among the unidentied objects in the most recent <em>INTEGRAL</em> surveys.

scholarly journals Bias in Homeopathy: Technical Note

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Salvatore Chirumbolo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Chemical System ◽  
High Dilution ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Species Being

Homeopathy is fundamentally based on the assumption that a biological activity is borne by a chemical system made by a molecular solute within a solvent that is diluted and mechanically stressed an undefined number of times and then reaches a zero point where molecules disappear and the solvent is the only chemical species being left. With the exception of an author who recently stated “We have been working in this field for over 20 years [35], and are thus perfectly aware of the issues related to the “plausibility” of high-dilution pharmacology, particularly when using dilutions beyond Avogadro’s constant”, yet no evidence was reported to date about the real nature of homeopathic high dilutions.

scholarly journals XX. Discovery of the metamorphosis in the second type of the cirripedes, viz. the lepades, completing the natural history of these singular animals, and confirming their affinity with the crustacea

1835 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 355-358 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Waves

The Fourth Memoir, published in my Zoological Researches and Illustrations, No. III. page 69, &c., having first made known the real nature of the Cirripedes , the key of which remained concealed in their metamorphosis, it might have been expected that some naturalist favourably situated to investigate the oceanic tribe of these animals, would have been the first to make the same discovery in regard to these, and thereby complete their natural history. It was scarcely to be expected that the honour of this discovery also should be reserved for the author, fixed to one spot, where none of them naturally exist, and are but casually thrown upon our shores by the waves of the Atlantic, attached to pieces of wreck, or brought into port fixed to the bottoms of ships returning from distant voyages. Fortunately, however, two ships of this description came into this harbour (Cork), one from the Mediterranean, the other from North America, which, not being sheathed with copper, had their bot­toms literally covered with Barnacles of the three genera of Lepas , Cineras , and Otion ; and having persons employed expressly for the purpose, numbers of these were brought alive in sea water, amongst which were many with the ova in various stages of their progress, and some ready to hatch, which they eventually did in prodigious numbers, so as to enable him to add the proof of their being, like the Balani, natatory Crusta­cea in their first stage , but of a totally different facies and structure; a circumstance which determines the propriety of the separation of the Cirripedes into two tribes, and evinces the sagacity of Mr. MacLeay in being the first to indicate that these two tribes, the Balani and Lepades , were not so closely related as generally supposed. The larvæ of the Balani , described in Memoir IV. under the external appearance of the bivalve Monoculi ( Astracoda ), have a pair of pedunculated eyes, more numerous and more completely developed members, approximating to those of Cyclops , and of the perfect Triton ; while, in the present type, or Lepades , the larva resembles some­what that of the Cyclops , which Müller, mistaking for a perfect animal, named Amymone , and which can be shown to he common to a great many of the Entomostraca ; or the resemblance is still more striking to that of the Argulus Armiger of Latreille, which, in fact, is but an Amymone furnished with a tricuspidate shield at the back.

Post-Bureaucratic Organizations as Complex Systems

2017 ◽  
pp. 152-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Maimone
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Ideal Type ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
Practical Implications

The term “post-bureaucratic” defines such organizations characterized by the absence or the reduced role of traditional bureaucracy. This contribution is aimed to provide a theoretical framework to explain the real nature and the hidden dynamics of post-bureaucratic systems, adopting a complex (Stacey, 1996; Mitleton-Kelly, 2003), critical (Wilmott, 1992; Alvesson, Bridgman, & Willmott, 2009) and multi-paradigmatic perspective (Gioia & Pitre, 1990; Lowe, Magala, & Hwang, 2012; Patel, 2016), that considers also the influence of socio-psychological and socio-cultural factors. The findings of the research suggest it is opportune to go beyond the epistemological stance of the Weberian concept of ideal type, assuming that contemporary organizations may show hybrid (see Stark, 1992; Grandori, 1995) and multi-status configurations. The theoretical, methodological and practical implications of the adoption of this perspective are discussed in the final part of the chapter and are provided suggestions for present and future research.

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