scholarly journals Evolutionary and Social Cognitive Models of Jealousy: A Test in a Population-Representative Sample of Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-120
Author(s):  
R. De Visser ◽  
◽  
J. Richters ◽  
C. E. Rissel ◽  
A. E. Grulich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Evolutionary Models ◽  
Sexual Infidelity ◽  
Emotional Infidelity ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Scenario Design ◽  
Social Cognitive Models

Objective: Evolutionary models posit that jealousy is a sexually dimorphic phenomenon: men worry most about a partner’s sexual infidelity and women worry most about emotional infidelity. Social cognitive models emphasize that the presence and size of sex differences varies between and within cultures. Our aim was to examine how sex and other variables affected responses to a hypothetical jealousyevoking scenario. Design and Method: Computer-assisted telephone interviews were completed by a population-representative sample of 20,094 Australians aged 16-69. Analyses focused on responses to the question ‘What would distress you more: imagining your partner forming a deep emotional attachment to another person, or having sexual intercourse with another person?’ Results: Among heterosexual respondents, men were most likely to report that they would be most distressed by their partner’s sexual infidelity, and women were also most likely to report that they would be most distressed by their partner’s emotional infidelity, but only among women aged 20-49 did a majority report that emotional infidelity would be most distressing. Among bisexual and homosexual respondents, most women and men reported that they would be more distressed by emotional infidelity, and men were more likely than women to choose this option. Among all groups, responses were also significantly related to sexually liberal attitudes. Conclusions: The results provide some support for evolutionary models of jealousy, but highlight the importance of considering how responses to jealousy-evoking scenarios are affected by age, sexuality, and attitudes.

Heterosexual experience and recent heterosexual encounters among Australian adults: the Second Australian Study of Health and Relationships

Sexual Health ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Rissel ◽  
Paul B. Badcock ◽  
Anthony M. A. Smith ◽  
Juliet Richters ◽  
Richard O. de Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Oral Sex ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Multiple Partners ◽  
Lifetime Experience ◽  
Lifetime Number

Background Current information about numbers of other-sex partners, experiences of different heterosexual behaviours and the recent heterosexual experiences among a representative sample of Australian adults is needed. It is not known whether these practices have changed between 2001–02 and 2012–13. Methods: Computer-assisted telephone interviews were completed by a representative sample of 9963 men and 10 131 women aged 16–69 years from all states and territories. The overall participation rate among eligible people was 66.2%. Results: Men reported more sexual partners than women, although the lifetime number of heterosexual partners reported by women increased significantly between 2001–02 and 2012–13. In 2012–13, 14.7% of men and 8.6% of women reported two or more sexual partners in the last year. Reporting multiple partners was significantly associated with being younger, being bisexual, living in major cities, having a lower income, having a blue-collar occupation and not being married. The proportion of respondents reporting ever having had oral sex or anal intercourse increased significantly since the last survey. At the last heterosexual encounter, 91.9% of men and 66.2% of women had an orgasm, oral sex was reported in only approximately one in four encounters and anal intercourse was uncommon. Conclusion: There were increases between 2001–02 and 2012–13 in partner numbers among women and in the lifetime experience of oral and anal sex. The patterns of heterosexual experience in Australia are similar to those found in studies of representative samples in other countries.

scholarly journals Meta-Analyses of Sex Differences in Responses to Sexual Versus Emotional Infidelity: Men and Women are More Similar than Different

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Sexual Infidelity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Emotional Infidelity ◽  
Lesbian And Gay ◽  
The Social ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Continuous Measures

From 54 articles, 172 effect sizes were meta-analyzed to determine whether men and women are differentially distressed by emotional versus sexual infidelity. Predictions were derived and tested from an evolutionary psychology (EP) perspective, a social–cognitive perspective, and the double-shot perspective. The data were not consistent with the EP predictions because men tended to respond in the predicted manner in only the U.S. student samples, whereas the rest of the data were largely consistent with the social–cognitive theory. Specifically, both sexes tended to be more upset by emotional than sexual infidelity when forced to choose which type of infidelity was more distressing. Both sexes indicated that sexual infidelity was more distressing than emotional when asked to rate their level of distress separately for each using continuous measures. The lesbian and gay samples were mostly consistent with the double-shot hypothesis because they tended to respond based on stereotyping grounded in the sex of their partner, paralleling heterosexuals in this regard. Analysis of the scenarios designed to test the double-shot hypothesis found somewhat smaller effects when the possibility of both types of infidelity was ruled out. These findings suggest that professionals seeking to address problems associated with jealousy in romantic relationships would profit from avoiding sex-linked assumptions about which aspect of infidelity is likely to be more upsetting.

scholarly journals Special Career Decisions and Some Interventions Required for the Development of Decision Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazaria Muslimah
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Career Decisions ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Career Interventions ◽  
Social Cognitive Models ◽  
Use Of Knowledge ◽  
The Given

The purpose of this study is to assist individuals in understanding themselves with the given career interventions. Career decisions are the ability of a person to use his knowledge, emotions and thoughts. The ability of career decisions is based on cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects. Cognitive aspects; understand themselves and the environment (family, friends and society), knowledge of decision making steps, understanding of information. Affective aspects; responsible, emotionally involved in discussions about careers. Psychomotor aspects; use of knowledge and thought. Career decisions can be made with a variety of career interventions in accordance with the objectives to be achieved with several alternative options in developing career decisions. To develop career decisions some appropriate interventions are given such as reality counseling, cognitive reconstruction and social cognitive models.

scholarly journals Exemplifying "Us": Integrating social identity theory of leadership with cognitive models of categorization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Sewell ◽  
Timothy Ballard ◽  
Niklas K Steffens
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Leadership Effectiveness ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Rating Data ◽  
Social Cognitive Models

Identity leadership theorizing suggests that leadership effectiveness derives from a potential leader’s perceived ability to create, embody, promote, and embed a shared group identity. However, little is known about how people integrate this information to form a judgment of a leader. We use cognitive modeling to operationalize leadership judgments as exemplar-and prototype-based categorization processes. Analysis of attribute rating data for 80 highly recognizable Americans revealed that leadership judgments were well-characterized by an exemplar-based model. Judgments were based overwhelmingly on promoting shared collective interests and embedding group identity. The pattern of attribute weightings was consistent for judgments of a general leadership role (i.e., as a competent leader) as well as judgments for a specific leadership role (i.e., as an effective US president). We discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of identity leadership as well as for integrated social-cognitive models of individuals’ judgements of and responses to leaders.

Corrigendum to: Heterosexual experience and recent heterosexual encounters among Australian adults: The Second Australian Study of Health and Relationships

Sexual Health ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Rissel ◽  
Paul B. Badcock ◽  
Anthony M. A. Smith ◽  
Juliet Richters ◽  
Richard O. de Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Oral Sex ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Multiple Partners ◽  
Lifetime Experience ◽  
Lifetime Number

Background Current information about numbers of other-sex partners, experiences of different heterosexual behaviours and the recent heterosexual experiences among a representative sample of Australian adults is needed. It is not known whether these practices have changed between 2001–02 and 2012–13. Methods: Computer-assisted telephone interviews were completed by a representative sample of 9963 men and 10 131 women aged 16–69 years from all states and territories. The overall participation rate among eligible people was 66.2%. Results: Men reported more sexual partners than women, although the lifetime number of heterosexual partners reported by women increased significantly between 2001–02 and 2012–13. In 2012–13, 14.7% of men and 8.6% of women reported two or more sexual partners in the last year. Reporting multiple partners was significantly associated with being younger, being bisexual, living in major cities, having a lower income, having a blue-collar occupation and not being married. The proportion of respondents reporting ever having had oral sex or anal intercourse increased significantly since the last survey. At the last heterosexual encounter, 91.9% of men and 66.2% of women had an orgasm, oral sex was reported in only approximately one in four encounters and anal intercourse was uncommon. Conclusion: There were increases between 2001–02 and 2012–13 in partner numbers among women and in the lifetime experience of oral and anal sex. The patterns of heterosexual experience in Australia are similar to those found in studies of representative samples in other countries.

Relation of contextual supports and barriers to choice behavior in engineering majors: Test of alternative social cognitive models.

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Lent ◽  
Steven D. Brown ◽  
Janet Schmidt ◽  
Bradley Brenner ◽  
Heather Lyons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Engineering Majors ◽  
Social Cognitive Models
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document