Analysis of Geo-Pressures when Drilling Deep Wells- A Factor for Improving the Efficiency of Exploration and Reducing Geological Risks

At present, there are a number of commercial small scale shaken systems available on the market with instrumented controllable microbioreactors such as Micro–24 Microreactor System (Pall Corporation, Port Washington, NY) and M2P Biolector, (M2P Labs GmbH, Aachen, Germany). The Micro–24 system is basically an orbital shaken 24–well plate that operates at working volume 3 – 7 mL with 24 independent reactors (deep wells, shaken and sparged) running simultaneously. Each reactor is designed as single use reactor that has the ability to continuously monitor and control the pH, DO and temperature. The reactor aeration is supplied by sparging air from gas feeds that can be controlled individually. Furthermore, pH can be controlled by gas sparging using either dilute ammonia or carbon dioxide directly into the culture medium through a membrane at the bottom of each reactor. Chen et al., (2009) evaluated the Micro–24 system for the mammalian cell culture process development and found the Micro–24 system is suitable as scaledown tool for cell culture application. The result showed that intra-well reproducibility, cell growth, metabolites profiles and protein titres were scalable with 2 L bioreactors.

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Scaling in a Geothermal Heat Exchanger at Soultz-Sous-Forêts (Upper Rhine Graben, France): A XRD and SEM-EDS Characterization of Sulfide Precipitates

Geosciences ◽

10.3390/geosciences11070271 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 271

Author(s):

Béatrice A. Ledésert ◽

Ronan L. Hébert ◽

Justine Mouchot ◽

Clio Bosia ◽

Guillaume Ravier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Exchanger ◽

Energy Production ◽

Electricity Production ◽

Normal Operation ◽

Upper Rhine Graben ◽

Geothermal Heat ◽

Deep Wells ◽

Upper Rhine ◽

Management Issues

The Soultz-Sous-Forêts geothermal site (France) operates three deep wells for electricity production. During operation, scales precipitate within the surface installation as (Ba, Sr) sulfate and (Pb, As, Sb) sulfide types. Scales have an impact on lowering energy production and inducing specific waste management issues. Thus scaling needs to be reduced for which a thorough characterization of the scales has to be performed. The geothermal brine is produced at 160 °C and reinjected at 70 °C during normal operation. In the frame of the H2020 MEET project, a small heat exchanger was tested in order to allow higher energy production, by reinjecting the geothermal fluid at 40 °C. Samples of scales were analyzed by XRD and SEM-EDS, highlighting that mostly galena precipitates and shows various crystal shapes. These shapes can be related to the turbulence of the flow and the speed of crystal growth. Where the flow is turbulent (entrance, water box, exit), crystals grow quickly and mainly show dendritic shape. In the tubes, where the flow is laminar, crystals grow more slowly and some of them are characterized by well-developed faces leading to cubes and derived shapes. The major consequence of the temperature decrease is the increased scaling phenomenon.

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Hydrochemistry and environmental isotopes (18O, 2H, 3H, 3He/4He) of groundwater and floodwater in the great area of Hurghada, Eastern Desert of Egypt

Environmental Earth Sciences ◽

10.1007/s12665-021-09487-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (11) ◽

Author(s):

M. Wannous ◽

C. Jahnke ◽

U. Troeger ◽

M. Falk ◽

F. Bauer

Keyword(s):

Environmental Isotopes ◽

Eastern Desert ◽

Hydrochemical Parameters ◽

Deep Wells ◽

Fractured Aquifers ◽

He Isotopes ◽

Shallow Wells ◽

The Common ◽

Faulted Zone

AbstractPorous and fractured aquifers exist in the area of Hurghada, Eastern Desert of Egypt, whose recharge processes through the common flash floods are not identified. Hydrochemical parameters, stable isotopes 18O, 2H and tritium in floodwater and groundwater were applied in the area subject to study. Additionally, He isotopes were investigated in the deep wells in the faulted zone at the Abu Shaar Plateau. 3H activity in all sampled points lies below the detection limit excluding a recent recharge component in groundwater. However, the hydrochemical ratios and the stable isotope signature confirm that the shallow wells and springs (Red Sea Hills group) are being recharged from modern precipitation. The hydrochemical parameters of the deep wells at the Abu Shaar Plateau (coastal plain group) confirm another origin for the ions rather than the modern precipitation. Together with the 18O and 2H values, the Br/Cl ratio of this group confirms the absence of seawater intrusion component and the role of the fault as a hydraulic barrier. These 18O and 2H values deviate from the GMWL confirming an evaporation effect and colder infiltration conditions and reveal strongly a possible mixing with the Nubian Sandstone in the region. The 3He/4He ratio confirms a mantle contribution of 2% from the total He components.

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Wavelet-based analysis of ground deformation coupling satellite acquisitions (Sentinel-1, SMOS) and data from shallow and deep wells in Southwestern France

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-45302-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

André Burnol ◽

Hideo Aochi ◽

Daniel Raucoules ◽

Fernanda M. L. Veloso ◽

Fifamè N. Koudogbo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ground Deformation ◽

Deep Wells

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A new method for correcting temperature log profiles in low-enthalpy plays

Geothermal Energy ◽

10.1186/s40517-020-00181-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sandra Schumacher ◽

Inga Moeck

Keyword(s):

Input Parameter ◽

New Method ◽

Geothermal Resources ◽

The North ◽

Deep Wells ◽

Thermal Disturbance ◽

Drilling Operations ◽

Crucial Information ◽

Well Data ◽

Drilling Time

Abstract Temperature logs recorded shortly after drilling operations can be the only temperature information from deep wells. However, these measurements are still influenced by the thermal disturbance caused by drilling and therefore do not represent true rock temperatures. The magnitude of the thermal disturbance is dependent on many factors such as drilling time, logging procedure or mud temperature. However, often old well reports lack this crucial information so that conventional corrections on temperature logs cannot be performed. This impedes the re-evaluation of well data for new exploration purposes, e.g. for geothermal resources. This study presents a new method to correct log temperatures in low-enthalpy play types which only requires a knowledge of the final depth of the well as an input parameter. The method was developed and verified using existing well data from an intracratonic sedimentary basin, the eastern part of the North German Basin. It can be transferred to other basins with little or no adjustment.

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