scholarly journals A short story of quantum and information thermodynamics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexia Auffèves
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Quantum Fluctuations ◽  
Thermal Fluctuations ◽  
Dissipative Systems ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Quantum Thermodynamics ◽  
Small Systems ◽  
Thermal Resources

This Colloquium is a fast journey through the build-up of key thermodynamical concepts, i.e. work, heat and irreversibility -- and how they relate to information. Born at the time of industrial revolution to optimize the exploitation of thermal resources, these concepts have been adapted to small systems where thermal fluctuations are predominant. Extending the framework to quantum fluctuations is a great challenge of quantum thermodynamics, that opens exciting research lines e.g. measurement fueled engines or thermodynamics of driven-dissipative systems. On a more applied side, it provides the tools to optimize the energetic consumption of future quantum computers.

scholarly journals THERMODYNAMIC UNCERTAINTY RELATION AS A FUNDAMENTAL ASPECT OF QUANTUM THERMODYNAMICS

2018 ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Anton А. Artamonov ◽  
Еvgeny Plotnikov
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Uncertainty Relation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Silicon Crystal ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
State Control ◽  
Quantum Thermodynamics ◽  
The Moment

The paper addresses physics of thermodynamic fluctuations in temperature and energy. These fluctuations are interrelated and, hence, can affect various micro- and macro systems. It is shown that the thermodynamic uncertainty relation must be taken into account in the physics of superconductivity, in quantum computations and other branches of science, where temperature and energy fluctuations play a critical role. One of the most important applications of quantum thermodynamics is quantum computers. It is assumed that in the near future the state structures will create a specific quantum cryptocurrency obtained using quantum computing. The quantum cryptocurrency exhibits two main features: the maximum reliability (quantum protection against hacking threats) and the possibility of state control (at the moment, only large scientific state centers have quantum computers). The paper reviews the studies aimed to theoretically prove the validity of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation. This relation connects fluctuations in temperature and energy of a system. Other similar relations are considered, including the relationship between fluctuations in pressure and volume, in entropy and temperature, and others. The main purpose of the paper is to validate the thermodynamic analogue of the uncertainty relation that interconnects temperature and energy fluctuations. Experimental data was obtained on the basis of the study of the transport properties of semiconductor devices – transistors. In the experiment, the transport properties of a pair of semiconductor transistors placed on a single silicon crystal were studied. In this system, one transistor was used to determine temperature fluctuations, and the other one was employed to estimate energy fluctuations. The key role of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation in modern thermodynamics has been clarified. The performed experimental studies confirm the validity of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation.

scholarly journals Analogous Hawking radiation in butterfly effect

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Morita
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical System ◽  
Lyapunov Exponent ◽  
Hawking Radiation ◽  
Quantum Fluctuations ◽  
Thermal Fluctuations ◽  
Classical Dynamical System ◽  
Butterfly Effect

We propose that Hawking radiation-like phenomena may be observed in systems that show butterfly effects. Suppose that a classical dynamical system has a Lyapunov exponent \lambda_LλL, and is deterministic and non-thermal (T=0T=0). We argue that, if we quantize this system, the quantum fluctuations may imitate thermal fluctuations with temperature $T _L/2 $ in a semi-classical regime, and it may cause analogous Hawking radiation. We also discuss that our proposal may provide an intuitive explanation of the existence of the bound of chaos proposed by Maldacena, Shenker and Stanford.

Quantum fluctuations in unstable dissipative systems

2000 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Gevorkyan ◽  
G. Yu. Kryuchkyan ◽  
N. T. Muradyan
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Fluctuations ◽  
Dissipative Systems

scholarly journals Weak invariants in dissipative systems: action principle and Noether charge for kinetic theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 378 (2170) ◽  
pp. 20190196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumiyoshi Abe
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Equation ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Planck Equation ◽  
Auxiliary Field ◽  
Dissipative Systems ◽  
Quantum Thermodynamics ◽  
Symmetry Principle ◽  
Double Structure ◽  
Field Formalism ◽  
Non Equilibrium

In non-equilibrium classical thermostatistics, the state of a system may be described by not only dynamical/thermodynamical variables but also a kinetic distribution function. This ‘double structure’ bears some analogy with that in quantum thermodynamics, where both dynamical variables and the Hilbert space are involved. Recently, the concept of weak invariants has repeatedly been discussed in the context of quantum thermodynamics. A weak invariant is defined in such a way that its value changes in time but its expectation value is conserved under time evolution prescribed by a kinetic equation. Here, a new aspect of a weak invariant is revealed for the classical Fokker–Planck equation as an example of classical kinetic equations. The auxiliary field formalism is applied to the construction of the action for the kinetic equation. Then, it is shown that the auxiliary field is a weak invariant and is the Noether charge. The action is invariant under the transformation generated by the weak invariant. The result may shed light on possible roles of the symmetry principle in the kinetic descriptions of non-equilibrium systems. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Fundamental aspects of nonequilibrium thermodynamics’.

scholarly journals Quantum fluctuations from thermal fluctuations in Jacobson formalism

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mir Faizal ◽  
Amani Ashour ◽  
Mohammad Alcheikh ◽  
Lina Alasfar ◽  
Salwa Alsaleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Fluctuations ◽  
Thermal Fluctuations

scholarly journals Multiscale Thermodynamics: Energy, Entropy, and Symmetry from Atoms to Bulk Behavior

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
Ralph V. Chamberlin ◽  
Michael R. Clark ◽  
Vladimiro Mujica ◽  
George H. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Spin Exchange ◽  
Thermal Fluctuations ◽  
Ideal Gas ◽  
Large System ◽  
State Model ◽  
Thermal Bath ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Small Systems ◽  
Local Properties ◽  
Three State Model

Here, we investigate how the local properties of particles in a thermal bath may influence the thermodynamics of the bath, and consequently alter the statistical mechanics of subsystems that comprise the bath. We are guided by the theory of small-system thermodynamics, which is based on two primary postulates: that small systems can be treated self-consistently by coupling them to an ensemble of similarly small systems, and that a large ensemble of small systems forms its own thermodynamic bath. We adapt this “nanothermodynamics” to investigate how a large system may subdivide into an ensemble of smaller subsystems, causing internal heterogeneity across multiple size scales. For the semi-classical ideal gas, maximum entropy favors subdividing a large system of “atoms” into an ensemble of “regions” of variable size. The mechanism of region formation could come from quantum exchange symmetry that makes atoms in each region indistinguishable, while decoherence between regions allows atoms in separate regions to be distinguishable by their distinct locations. Combining regions reduces the total entropy, as expected when distinguishable particles become indistinguishable, and as required by a theorem in quantum mechanics for sub-additive entropy. Combining large volumes of small regions gives the usual entropy of mixing for a semi-classical ideal gas, resolving Gibbs paradox without invoking quantum symmetry for particles that may be meters apart. Other models presented here are based on Ising-like spins, which are solved analytically in one dimension. Focusing on the bonds between the spins, we find similarity in the equilibrium properties of a two-state model in the nanocanonical ensemble and a three-state model in the canonical ensemble. Thus, emergent phenomena may alter the thermal behavior of microscopic models, and the correct ensemble is necessary for fully-accurate predictions. Another result using Ising-like spins involves simulations that include a nonlinear correction to Boltzmann’s factor, which mimics the statistics of indistinguishable states by imitating the dynamics of spin exchange on intermediate lengths. These simulations exhibit 1/f-like noise at low frequencies (f), and white noise at higher f, similar to the equilibrium thermal fluctuations found in many materials.

scholarly journals گل بنگلزئی نا افسانہ غاتا کتاب، دڑد آتا گواچی؛ نا جاچ اس

Al-Burz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Mir hazar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Fiction Writing ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
The World ◽  
Fiction Writers ◽  
Unique Manner ◽  
Village Life ◽  
Unique Status

When the industrial revolution and progressive tendencies in the nineteenth century influenced every sphere of life, literature could also not escape such trends. At that time, fiction (short story) was introduced as a new genre in literary world and soon it managed to generate a distinction. Like the other languages ​​of the world, fiction writers of Brahui literature also effectively adopted this genre. Among the pioneer Brahui fiction writers, the name of Gul Bangulzai is also well known who initiated the fiction writing. The effects of the progressive literary movement can be seen in his fiction writings. Gul Bangulzai in his book of fiction, Darhd ata Guachi, centralized the topic on the problems of ordinary individuals and lower class of the region. The book was first published in 1984, thus, standing the second book in Brahui literature after Dr. Taj Raisani's book, Anjeer na Phul. In, Darhd ata Guachi, Gul Bangulzai mainly reflected the problems of village life in a unique manner. Gul Bangulzai skillfully identified the problems of farmers, laborers, women, shepherds, and gypsies. Additionally, the themes also include poverty, starvation, the hardships of weather, cruelties of higher class, the culture and traditions of people of Baluchistan, and their mentality.  The fiction also depicted the stunning natural landscapes of this region. In the fictions of Gul Bangulzai frustration, deprivation, helplessness, cruelties, and poverty are observable. However, ultimately, the message it conveys that after the dark night there is a dawn of new morning and hope which is another distinguished beauty of the fictions of Gul Bangulzai, bestows him a unique status in Brahui literature wherein most fictions revolves around the complications of village life.

scholarly journals Multiscale Thermodynamics: Energy, Entropy, and Symmetry from Atoms to Bulk Behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Chamberlin ◽  
Michael Clark ◽  
Vladimiro Mujica ◽  
George Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Spin Exchange ◽  
Thermal Fluctuations ◽  
Ideal Gas ◽  
Large System ◽  
State Model ◽  
Thermal Bath ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Small Systems ◽  
Local Properties ◽  
Three State Model

Here we investigate how the local properties of particles in a thermal bath may influence the thermodynamics of the bath, and consequently alter the statistical mechanics of subsystems that comprise the bath. We are guided by the theory of small-system thermodynamics, which is based on two primary postulates: that small systems can be treated self-consistently by coupling them to an ensemble of similarly small systems, and that a large ensemble of small systems forms its own thermodynamic bath. We adapt this “nanothermodynamics” to investigate how a large system may subdivide into an ensemble of smaller subsystems, causing internal heterogeneity across multiple size scales. For the semi-classical ideal gas, maximum entropy favors subdividing a large system of “atoms” into an ensemble of “regions” of variable size. The mechanism of region formation could come from quantum exchange symmetry that makes atoms in each region indistinguishable, while decoherence between regions allows atoms in separate regions to be distinguishable by their distinct locations. Combining regions reduces the total entropy, as expected when distinguishable particles become indistinguishable, and as required by a theorem in quantum mechanics for sub-additive entropy. Combining large volumes of small regions gives the usual entropy of mixing for a semi-classical ideal gas, resolving Gibbs paradox without invoking quantum symmetry for atoms that may be meters apart. Other models presented here are based on Ising-like spins, which are solved analytically in one dimension. Focusing on the bonds between the Ising-like spins we find similarity in the equilibrium properties of a two-state model in the nanocanonical ensemble and a three-state model in the canonical ensemble. Thus, emergent phenomena may alter the thermal behavior of microscopic models, and the correct ensemble is necessary for fully-accurate predictions. Another result using Ising-like spins involves simulations that include a nonlinear correction to Boltzmann’s factor, which mimics the statistics of indistinguishable states by imitating the dynamics of spin exchange on intermediate lengths. These simulations exhibit 1/f-like noise at low frequencies (f), and white noise at higher f, similar to equilibrium thermal fluctuations found in many materials.

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