Implementation of the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability over two phases

Studies in adults reveal that a short-term exposure to asynchronous audiovisual signals induces temporal realignment between these signals (Di Luca et al., 2009; Fujisaki et al., 2004; Navarra et al., 2009; Vroomen et al., 2004). In contrast with this evidence in adults, Lewkowicz (2010) observed that infants increased their sensitivity to AV asynchrony after exposure to asynchronous AV speech. We investigated whether brief experience with an asynchronous AV event would increase infants’ ability to discriminate AV synchrony from asynchrony in non-speech stimuli or else induce temporal realignment as observed in adults. Twenty-four 6-month-old infants were tested in two phases (Test 1 and 2) using an intersensory paired-preference procedure, with simple stimuli (two balls bouncing against the floor — one ball bouncing in synchrony while the other one in asynchrony with respect to the bouncing sound). Between Test 1 and 2, infants were exposed to AV asynchrony (a presentation of an audiovisually asynchronous bouncing ball). The results revealed that infants detected the difference between AV synchrony and asynchrony only after being exposed to an asynchronous AV event. Our findings support the idea that experience with AV asynchrony has different consequences for adults and infants: while temporal AV recalibration is observed in adults, an increase of the sensitivity to AV asynchrony is observed in infants.

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Selective visual processing across competition episodes: a theory of task-driven visual attention and working memory

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2013.0060 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 368 (1628) ◽

pp. 20130060 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Werner X. Schneider

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Visual Attention ◽

Visual Processing ◽

Attentional Resource ◽

Short Term ◽

Phase 3 ◽

Search Processes ◽

Current Task ◽

Two Phases ◽

Maintenance Process

The goal of this review is to introduce a theory of task-driven visual attention and working memory (TRAM). Based on a specific biased competition model, the ‘theory of visual attention’ (TVA) and its neural interpretation (NTVA), TRAM introduces the following assumption. First, selective visual processing over time is structured in competition episodes. Within an episode, that is, during its first two phases, a limited number of proto-objects are competitively encoded—modulated by the current task—in activation-based visual working memory (VWM). In processing phase 3, relevant VWM objects are transferred via a short-term consolidation into passive VWM. Second, each time attentional priorities change (e.g. after an eye movement), a new competition episode is initiated. Third, if a phase 3 VWM process (e.g. short-term consolidation) is not finished, whereas a new episode is called, a protective maintenance process allows its completion. After a VWM object change, its protective maintenance process is followed by an encapsulation of the VWM object causing attentional resource costs in trailing competition episodes. Viewed from this perspective, a new explanation of key findings of the attentional blink will be offered. Finally, a new suggestion will be made as to how VWM items might interact with visual search processes.

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INDIAN RETAIL INVESTORS AND INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERS: PRE AND POST COVID ANALYSIS

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRY ◽

10.17762/itii.v9i2.353 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 345-352

Author(s):

Sreyansh Surana, Et. al.

Keyword(s):

Google Trends ◽

Short Term ◽

Going Public ◽

Search Results ◽

Retail Investors ◽

Grey Market ◽

Retail Investor ◽

Two Phases ◽

Tail Events ◽

Market Premium

Going public is one of the most popular forms of raising funds for expansion and growth of business. Since the liberalisation of economy in 1991, more than 1500 companies have listed themselves on the exchange. And the Indian stock markets keep expanding with increasing number of public offers in both mainstream and SME category. This paper compares the IPOs of Indian markets in broadly two phases-pre covid and post covid. A sample of 242 listings across eleven years from 2010-2020 are considered for the study. A comparison based on details of listing, listing gains etc reveal a more active retail investor segment. Overoptimism and urge to synthesise short term gains contribute to such gains. This is further backed by analysis of search results in the Indian region using google trends. Tail events such as covid-19 alter the way Indian investors behave and invest in IPOs and make their investments more on basis of speculative measures such as grey market premium, than actual fundamentals of the issue under consideration.

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Characterization of stipe elongation of the mushroom Coprinopsis cinerea

Microbiology ◽

10.1099/mic.0.079418-0 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 160 (9) ◽

pp. 1893-1902 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Wenming Zhang ◽

Xiuxiu Wu ◽

Yajun Zhou ◽

Zhonghua Liu ◽

Wen Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Model Material ◽

Apical Region ◽

Coprinopsis Cinerea ◽

Short Term ◽

Protein Inactivation ◽

Stipe Elongation ◽

Snail Protein ◽

Two Phases

Previously, we observed an acid-induced short-term wall extension in Flammulina velutipes apical stipes during a 15 min period after a change from a neutral to an acidic pH. This acid-induced stipe wall extension was eliminated by heating and reconstituted by a snail expansin-like protein, although we failed to isolate any endogenous expansin-like protein from F. velutipes because of its limited 1 mm fast elongation region. In this study, we report that Coprinopsis cinerea stipes possess a 9 mm fast elongation apical region, which is suitable as a model material for wall extension studies. The elongating apical stipe showed two phases of acid-induced wall extension, an initial quick short-term wall extension during the first 15 min and a slower, gradually decaying long-term wall extension over the subsequent 2 h. After heating or protein inactivation pretreatment, apical stipes lost the long-term wall extension, retaining a slower short-term wall extension, which was reconstituted by an expansin-like snail protein. In contrast, the non-elongating basal stipes showed only a weaker short-term wall extension. We propose that the long-term wall extension is a protein-mediated process involved in stipe elongation, whereas the short-term wall extension is a non-protein mediated process not involved in stipe elongation.

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Improved Random Forest Method for Ultra-short-term Prediction of the Output Power of a Photovoltaic Cluster

Frontiers in Energy Research ◽

10.3389/fenrg.2021.749367 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Mao Yang ◽

Meng Zhao ◽

Dingze Liu ◽

Miaomiao Ma ◽

Xin Su

Keyword(s):

Random Forest ◽

Output Power ◽

Training Dataset ◽

Total Output ◽

Short Term ◽

Forest Model ◽

Term Prediction ◽

Two Phases ◽

Short Term Prediction ◽

Daily Time

Current models for the prediction of the output power of photovoltaic (PV) clusters suffer from low prediction accuracy and are prone to overfitting. To address these problems, we propose an improved random forest (RF)-based method for ultra-short-term prediction of PV cluster output power. The total output power data for the PV clusters are used as the training dataset and fed into the RF model to obtain preliminary predictions. The error and accuracy of the preliminary predictions for individual sampling points concerning the actual values of the PV cluster output power are assessed. Each of the daily time series of preliminary predictions is divided into two phases according to whether the output power is increasing (morning) or decreasing (afternoon). The final ultra-short-term predictions of the PV cluster output power are obtained by correcting the two phases of preliminary predictions through trend correction and peak correction, respectively. The results show that, compared with the unimproved model, the accuracy of the stochastic forest model is 1.48% higher than that of the modified random forest model., which proves the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method.

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Acute and short-term effects of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei 431 and inulin intake on appetite control and dietary intake: A two-phases randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study

Appetite ◽

10.1016/j.appet.2021.105855 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105855

Author(s):

Laleh NabizadehAsl ◽

Suleyman Nahit Sendur ◽

Barbaros Ozer ◽

Incilay Lay ◽

Tomris Erbas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Lactobacillus Paracasei ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Appetite Control ◽

Short Term ◽

Double Blind ◽

Double Blind Placebo ◽

Two Phases ◽

Short Term Effects

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A Methodology for Designing Short-Term Stationary Air Quality Campaigns with Mobile Laboratories Using Different Possible Allocation Criteria

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13137481 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 7481

Author(s):

Samuele Marinello ◽

Massimo Andretta ◽

Patrizia Lucialli ◽

Elisa Pollini ◽

Serena Righi

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Atmospheric Dispersion ◽

Monitoring Networks ◽

Monitoring And Control ◽

Short Term ◽

Atmospheric Dispersion Models ◽

Emilia Romagna Region ◽

Key Issues ◽

Two Phases ◽

Allocation Algorithms

Air quality monitoring and control are key issues for environmental assessment and management in order to protect public health and the environment. Local and central authorities have developed strategies and tools to manage environmental protection, which, for air quality, consist of monitoring networks with fixed and portable instrumentation and mathematical models. This study develops a methodology for designing short-term air quality campaigns with mobile laboratories (laboratories fully housed within or transported by a vehicle and maintained in a fixed location for a period of time) as a decision support system for environmental management and protection authorities. In particular, the study provides a methodology to identify: (i) the most representative locations to place mobile laboratories and (ii) the best time period to carry out the measurements in the case of short-term air quality campaigns. The approach integrates atmospheric dispersion models and allocation algorithms specifically developed for optimizing the measuring campaigns. The methodology is organized in two phases, each of them divided into several steps. Fourteen allocation algorithms dedicated to three type of receptors (population, vegetation and physical cultural heritage) have been proposed. The methodology has been applied to four short-term air quality campaigns in the Emilia-Romagna region.

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Satisfacción y aprendizaje a través de audiovisuales en entornos universitarios online

10.4995/inred2021.2021.13782 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Patricia González Elices ◽

Jesús Alberto Arenas Esteban

Keyword(s):

Positive Perception ◽

Short Term ◽

Virtual Classrooms ◽

Digital Resources ◽

Departments Of Education ◽

Degree Of Satisfaction ◽

Innovation Project ◽

History Of ◽

Two Phases

The following paper is an advance of the innovation project that has been undertaken by the Departments of Education and History of the Open University of Madrid; an institution that since its creation has managed all its activity by means of an online methodology. The main goal of the project is to establish the appropriate strategies to maximize the efficiency of the digital resources, with special attention to audiovisual material.Our work was articulated in two phases: a first one consisting of the implementation of audiovisual material in the virtual classrooms, and the second one, focused on analysing the degree of satisfaction that students showed with these resources.In general, the preliminary results show a positive perception of the students regarding the use of videos in their learning process. However, they also show interesting nuances, first because it is the students themselves who, from their experience, reject the videos as the main learning tool and, second, because clear differences are detected depending on the degree considered: a demand for much more pragmatic and short-term content in the degree of Education, and more speculative and medium-long-term in the History area.

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SLAM-based augmented reality for the assessment of short-term spatial memory. A comparative study of visual versus tactile stimuli

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0245976 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. e0245976

Author(s):

Francisco Munoz-Montoya ◽

M.-Carmen Juan ◽

Magdalena Mendez-Lopez ◽

Ramon Molla ◽

Francisco Abad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Augmented Reality ◽

Spatial Memory ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Visual Stimuli ◽

Perceived Competence ◽

Performance Outcomes ◽

Short Term ◽

Tactile Stimuli ◽

Evaluation Phase ◽

Two Phases

The assessment of human spatial short-term memory has mainly been performed using visual stimuli and less frequently using auditory stimuli. This paper presents a framework for the development of SLAM-based Augmented Reality applications for the assessment of spatial memory. An AR mobile application was developed for this type of assessment involving visual and tactile stimuli by using our framework. The task to be carried out with the AR application is divided into two phases: 1) a learning phase, in which participants physically walk around a room and have to remember the location of simple geometrical shapes; and 2) an evaluation phase, in which the participants are asked to recall the location of the shapes. A study for comparing the performance outcomes using visual and tactile stimuli was carried out. Fifty-three participants performed the task using the two conditions (Tactile vs Visual), but with more than two months of difference (within-subject design). The number of shapes placed correctly was similar for both conditions. However, the group that used the tactile stimulus spent significantly more time completing the task and required significantly more attempts. The performance outcomes were independent of gender. Some significant correlations among variables related to the performance outcomes and other tests were found. The following significant correlations among variables related to the performance outcomes using visual stimuli and the participants’ subjective variables were also found: 1) the greater the number of correctly placed shapes, the greater the perceived competence; 2) the more attempts required, the less the perceived competence. We also found that perceived enjoyment was higher when a higher sense of presence was induced. Our results suggest that tactile stimuli are valid stimuli to exploit for the assessment of the ability to memorize spatial-tactile associations, but that the ability to memorize spatial-visual associations is dominant. Our results also show that gender does not affect these types of memory tasks.

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Long-term adaptation of Ca2+-dependent behaviour in Paramecium tetraurelia.

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.201.11.1835 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 201 (11) ◽

pp. 1835-1846 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R R Preston ◽

J A Hammond

Keyword(s):

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Paramecium Tetraurelia ◽

Membrane Excitability ◽

Short Term ◽

Behavioural Adaptation ◽

Loss Of Response ◽

Channel Inactivation ◽

Two Phases ◽

Dependent Behaviour

Prolonged exposure to KCl has long been recognized to modify swimming behaviour in Paramecium tetraurelia, a phenomenon known as 'adaptation'. In this study, we have investigated behavioural adaptation systematically. A 24 h exposure to 30 mmol l-1 KCl deprived cells of the ability to respond behaviourally to two established chemoeffectors. We also explored the effects of 30 mmol l-1 KCl on the duration of backward swimming induced by Ba2+ and Mg2+. A brief (60 min) exposure prevented cells from swimming backwards in response to either cation, but recovery was rapid (<60 min) following a return to control medium. Prolonged (48 h) exposure caused a more persistent loss of response to Ba2+, so that several hours was now required for recovery. Surprisingly, responses to Mg2+ reappeared during 6-8 h in KCl, with backward swimming durations increasing to more than 300 % of control values after 26 h. Thus, we can distinguish two phases to adaptation. The short-term phase is characterized by an inability to respond behaviourally to most stimuli and might be adequately explained in terms of Ca2+ channel inactivation and K+-induced shifts in membrane potential. The long-term phase is characterized by enhanced responses to Mg2+ (and also to Na+), suggesting that a more extensive reprogramming of membrane excitability may occur during chronic K+-induced depolarization.

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