Modifying infants’ sensitivity to audiovisual temporal mismatch

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 84-85
Author(s):  
Ferran Pons ◽  
Maria Teixidó ◽  
Joel García-Morera ◽  
Jordi Navarra
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Bouncing Ball ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Ball Bouncing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Av Synchrony ◽  
Paired Preference

Studies in adults reveal that a short-term exposure to asynchronous audiovisual signals induces temporal realignment between these signals (Di Luca et al., 2009; Fujisaki et al., 2004; Navarra et al., 2009; Vroomen et al., 2004). In contrast with this evidence in adults, Lewkowicz (2010) observed that infants increased their sensitivity to AV asynchrony after exposure to asynchronous AV speech. We investigated whether brief experience with an asynchronous AV event would increase infants’ ability to discriminate AV synchrony from asynchrony in non-speech stimuli or else induce temporal realignment as observed in adults. Twenty-four 6-month-old infants were tested in two phases (Test 1 and 2) using an intersensory paired-preference procedure, with simple stimuli (two balls bouncing against the floor — one ball bouncing in synchrony while the other one in asynchrony with respect to the bouncing sound). Between Test 1 and 2, infants were exposed to AV asynchrony (a presentation of an audiovisually asynchronous bouncing ball). The results revealed that infants detected the difference between AV synchrony and asynchrony only after being exposed to an asynchronous AV event. Our findings support the idea that experience with AV asynchrony has different consequences for adults and infants: while temporal AV recalibration is observed in adults, an increase of the sensitivity to AV asynchrony is observed in infants.

scholarly journals Meditation Practice Improves Short-Term Changes in Heart Rate Variability

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang-Ming Chang ◽  
Miao-Tien Wu Chueh ◽  
Yi-Jung Lai
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meditation Practice ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

Background: It is well known that meditation improves the physical and psychological condition of its practitioners. This study investigated the heart rate variability response of meditation practitioners in two Chan master teaching environments, namely face-to-face and video classes. Methods: Experimental sessions were conducted, one featuring face-to-face classes and the other featuring video classes. The difference in participants’ physiological parameters (blood pressure and heart rate variability) between the two experimental sessions was determined. In the first session, physiological parameters were recorded twice, before and after one teaching course, and the second session took place one month after the first. The first and second sessions had 45 and 27 participants, respectively. Those involved in the first experiment had no experience with meditation, whereas participants in the second experiment had practiced meditation for an average of 9 years (range = 1 to 27 years). Both experiments were conducted once a week, with each session lasting 1.5 h. Results: For both experiments, both heart rate and heart rate variability by age significantly decreased after one teaching course. Conclusions: Chan meditation practitioners benefit from receiving both face-to-face and video class teaching from a Chan master.

Reducing HVI Strength Variability by Sensing Humidity

1992 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Taylor ◽  
R. S. Brown ◽  
L. C. Godbey
Keyword(s):  
High Volume ◽  
The Other ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Humidity Sensors ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Strength Variability

Short-term exposure of small cotton specimens to nonstandard atmospheric conditions can cause errors in their strength measurements. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of local humidity changes on strength measurements. Two production model high volume instruments were equipped with humidity sensors near their specimen brushing stations. The system from one vendor was more sensitive to short-term humidity cycles (1.15 compared to 0.6 %gf/tex/%RH), while the other system was more sensitive to humidity changes including sample conditioning (1.81 compared to 1.42 %gf/tex/%RH). Both instruments showed a wide range of strength-humidity sensitivities for the 57 cottons surveyed.

Information, Similarity and Vocalization in Short-Term Recognition Memory for Numbers

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Slak
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Transmitted Information ◽  
Decimal Numbers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Memory Recognition

32 men and 32 women were given a memory-recognition task involving either quinary or decimal numbers. One half of Ss in each group vocalized the presented items, while the other half read them silently. The design was a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial. Quinary numbers resulted in a greater number of errors of omission and commission than did decimal numbers. Vocalization resulted in greater number of errors of commission in women but the difference did not occur with errors of omission. Recognition was discussed in terms of the amount of transmitted information. The difference in transmitted information between quinary and decimal numbers was analyzed into components accruing from the difference in the number of bits per item and from the difference in the formal interitem similarity.

scholarly journals Differential Response of Leafminer Flies Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) and Liriomyza sativae (Blanchard) to Rapid Cold Hardening

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1041
Author(s):  
Junaid Iqbal ◽  
Xiao-Xiang Zhang ◽  
Ya-Wen Chang ◽  
Yu-Zhou Du
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Cold Hardening ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Liriomyza Sativae ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Rapid Cold Hardening ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Interspecific Comparisons

Rapid cold hardening (RCH) is a rapid and critical adaption of insects to sudden temperature changes but is often overlooked or underestimated as a component of survival. Thus, interspecific comparisons of RCH are needed to predict how phenotypes will adapt to temperature variability. RCH not only enhances cold survival but also protects against non-lethal cold injury by preserving essential functions such as locomotion, reproduction, and energy balance. This study investigated the difference in basal cold tolerance and RCH capacity of L. trifolii and L. sativae. In both species, the cold tolerance of pupae was significantly enhanced after short-term exposure to moderately cold temperatures. The effect of RCH last for 4 h in L. sativae but only 2 h in L. trifolii. Interestingly, L. trifolii adults had a RCH response but L. sativae adults failed to acclimate. Short-term acclimation also lowered the supercooling point significantly in the pupae of both species. Based on these results, we propose a hypothesis that these differences will eventually affect their competition in the context of climate change. This study also provides the basis for future metabolomic and transcriptomic studies that may ultimately uncover the underlying mechanisms of RCH and interspecific competition between L. trifolii and L. sativae.

Reactions ofEuglena gracilisto Fluometuron, MSMA, Metribuzin, and Glyphosate

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Richardson ◽  
R. E. Frans ◽  
R. E. Talbert
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Euglena Gracilis ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
High Level ◽  
Pronounced Reduction

Investigations were conducted onEuglena gracilisKlebs strain Z to determine the effects of fluometuron [1,2-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea], MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate), glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine], and metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] on cell number, chlorophyll content, and photosynthesis. Euglena cell number was reduced by 65% or more after 48 h with fluometuron levels above 4 X 10-5M. MSMA at 6 X 10-4M reduced cell number 42% after 144 h exposure. Chlorophyll content was reduced 33 to 80% by metribuzin levels of 2 X 10-6M or greater, and fluometuron inhibited chlorophyll content by 30% or more from 4 X 10-6M or greater concentrations. Chlorophyll was reduced 21 to 69% by treatment with glyphosate at 3 X 10-3M, but MSMA appeared to have little effect on chlorophyll except at the high level of 6 X 10-4M at 48 h. Photosynthesis was reduced 50% or more with metribuzin levels above 9 X 10-7M and with fluometuron above 9 X 10-5M. MSMA reduced photosynthesis by 20% at the 6 X 10-3M level, and glyphosate slightly reduced photosynthesis at levels below 1.2 X 10-4M but slightly stimulated it above that level. Chronic effects (Euglena exposed to herbicides 96 h prior to measurement) on photosynthesis indicated a more pronounced reduction from fluometuron than from short-term exposure, little change with glyphosate, but less reduction with metribuzin than from short-term exposure. Metribuzin caused increased respiration rates of 100 to 200% after 100 min of exposure. Respiration was stimulated 20% by glyphosate and relatively unaffected by the other compounds. Removal of Euglena from metribuzin- and fluometuron-treated media to non-treated media resulted in increased levels of chlorophyll to near that of the control. These results suggest that use of these herbicides is not detrimental to non-target algae if the exposure is not intensive.

EUTECTIC SOLIDIFICATION IN METALS

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Winegard ◽  
S. Majka ◽  
B. M. Thall ◽  
B. Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Eutectic Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eutectic Solidification ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Phases

A study has been made of the process of solidification of the alloys of tin and lead the eutectic structure of which is typically lamellar. A technique was developed in which the rate and direction of solidification were controlled. It was demonstrated that freezing takes place by the simultaneous edgewise growth of the lamellae, the thickness of which depends on the rate of freezing. It was also shown that the interface between solid and liquid at any instant is corrugated, owing to the fact that one of the phases is in advance of the other. This is attributed to the difference in thermal conductivity of the two phases. A detailed description is given of the process of eutectic solidification

scholarly journals Empirical Study Regarding the Influence of Communication Upon the Purchasing Decision

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 430-437
Author(s):  
Dan Popescu ◽  
Alina Dinu ◽  
Cristina State ◽  
Cătălina Picu
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Price Difference ◽  
Purchasing Decision ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Purchasing Process

Abstract The aim of the present study is to emphasize the influence of communication upon the customer’s purchasing decision. This objective is translated through determining the change of products in the sales’ structure using communication by omission. The study is focused upon the purchasing selection between two similar products by the subjects included in the study. The difference between the two products lies in the customers’ care for the environment. Thus, one of the two products does not pollute, in the conditions in which the application with care and attention is applied (this being expressed through a price difference compared to the other, polluting, product). The study has two phases in order to compare the sales structure in the situations in which it is used the communication through omission (in the second phase of the study) with the sales structure when the communication through omission is not used. The hypothesis according to which the purchasing process takes place according to the care for the environment and not necessarily according to the direct utility allocated to some apparently similar products has been tested through econometric instruments.

Determination of Bismuth in Body Tissues and Fluids After Administration of Controlled Doses

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-642
Author(s):  
Robert J Hall ◽  
Theodore Farber
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Soluble Compound ◽  
Bismuth Salts

Abstract Controlled amounts of water-soluble and water-insoluble bismuth salts were administered to dogs. Body tissues and fluids were examined for resultant bismuth residues by an acid digestion-atomic absorption procedure. The method was shown to recover bismuth added to body tissues and fluids; the acid digestion released the bismuth residues almost completely. the highest levels of bismuth were found in the kidneys: about 10 ppm bismuth resulted from the administration of the waterinsoluble compound, bismuth subcarbonale, and about 60 ppm from the soluble compound, bismuth ammonium citrate . The levels of bismuth found in the urine were higher than those found in the other body tissues and the blood serum, but were still relatively low. No pathological manifestations were observed after short-term exposure to bismuth.

A Bird in the Hand Isn’t Good for Long

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Scherbaum ◽  
Simon Frisch ◽  
Maja Dshemuchadse
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Control Processes ◽  
Folk Wisdom ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. Folk wisdom tells us that additional time to make a decision helps us to refrain from the first impulse to take the bird in the hand. However, the question why the time to decide plays an important role is still unanswered. Here we distinguish two explanations, one based on a bias in value accumulation that has to be overcome with time, the other based on cognitive control processes that need time to set in. In an intertemporal decision task, we use mouse tracking to study participants’ responses to options’ values and delays which were presented sequentially. We find that the information about options’ delays does indeed lead to an immediate bias that is controlled afterwards, matching the prediction of control processes needed to counter initial impulses. Hence, by using a dynamic measure, we provide insight into the processes underlying short-term oriented choices in intertemporal decision making.

Enhancement of ADP-induced Platelet Aggregation by Adrenaline in Vivo and Its Prevention

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 490-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroh Yamazaki ◽  
Itsuro Kobayashi ◽  
Tadahiro Sano ◽  
Takio Shimamoto
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Endothelial Surface ◽  
Important Interaction ◽  
Blood Coagulability ◽  
The Difference

SummaryThe authors previously reported a transient decrease in adhesive platelet count and an enhancement of blood coagulability after administration of a small amount of adrenaline (0.1-1 µg per Kg, i. v.) in man and rabbit. In such circumstances, the sensitivity of platelets to aggregation induced by ADP was studied by an optical density method. Five minutes after i. v. injection of 1 µg per Kg of adrenaline in 10 rabbits, intensity of platelet aggregation increased to 115.1 ± 4.9% (mean ± S. E.) by 10∼5 molar, 121.8 ± 7.8% by 3 × 10-6 molar and 129.4 ± 12.8% of the value before the injection by 10”6 molar ADP. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01-0.05). The above change was not observed in each group of rabbits injected with saline, 1 µg per Kg of 1-noradrenaline or 0.1 and 10 µg per Kg of adrenaline. Also, it was prevented by oral administration of 10 mg per Kg of phenoxybenzamine or propranolol or aspirin or pyridinolcarbamate 3 hours before the challenge. On the other hand, the enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation was not observed in vitro, when 10-5 or 3 × 10-6 molar and 129.4 ± 12.8% of the value before 10∼6 molar ADP was added to citrated platelet rich plasma (CPRP) of rabbit after incubation at 37°C for 30 second with 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 µg per ml of adrenaline or noradrenaline. These results suggest an important interaction between endothelial surface and platelets in connection with the enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by adrenaline in vivo.

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