scholarly journals Medicine reclassification processes and regulations for proper use of over-the-counter self-care medicines in Japan

2016 ◽  
Vol Volume 9 ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Nomura ◽  
Yuki Kitagawa ◽  
Yasukatsu Yuda ◽  
Hiromi Takano-Ohmuro
Keyword(s):  
Self Care ◽  
Over The Counter

scholarly journals Future Pharmacists’ Opinions on the Facilitation of Self-Care with Over-the-Counter Products and Whether This Should Remain a Core Role

Pharmacy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Lezley-Anne Hanna ◽  
Alana Murphy ◽  
Maurice Hall ◽  
Rebecca Craig
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Single Institution ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Otc Medicines ◽  
Practice Methods ◽  
Identifiable Data

Background: The aim was to investigate pharmacy students’ views on the role of the pharmacist in facilitating self-care with over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, particularly in light of new roles, and establish personal practice. Methods: Final year pharmacy students at Queen’s University Belfast were invited to participate. Data were collected via a pre-piloted questionnaire, distributed at a compulsory class (only non-identifiable data were requested). Descriptive statistics were performed, and non-parametric tests were employed for inferential statistical analysis (responses by gender). Results: The response rate was 87.6% (78/89); 34.6% (27/78) males and 65.4% (51/78) females. Over a third [34.6% (27/78)] reported using OTC medicines about once a month. All appreciated the importance of an evidence-based approach to optimize patient care. Most [(96.2% (75/78)] deemed OTC consultations should remain a fundamental responsibility of pharmacists and 69.2% (54/78) thought OTC consultations have the potential to be as complex as independent pharmacist prescribing. Females felt more confident recommending OTC emergency contraception than males (p = 0.002 for levonorgestrel and p = 0.011 for ulipristal acetate). Many [61.5% (48/78)] considered more medicines should not be deregulated from prescription-only status. Conclusions: Data from this single institution suggests that enabling self-medication is an important part of practice but there were confidence issues around deregulations.

scholarly journals Regulatory standards and processes for over-the-counter availability of hormonal contraception and drugs for medical abortion in five countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Ammerdorffer ◽  
Mark Laws ◽  
Arinze Awiligwe ◽  
Florence Erb ◽  
Wallada Im-Amornphong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Medical Abortion ◽  
Health System Strengthening ◽  
World Health ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Regulatory Status

AbstractThe World Health Organization 2019 WHO consolidated guideline on self-care interventions for health: sexual and reproductive health and rights includes recommendations on self-administration of injectable contraception, over-the-counter (OTC) oral contraception and self-management of medical abortion. A review of the regulatory status of these two self-care interventions can highlight processes required to ensure that the quality of the medicines and safety of individuals are safeguarded in the introduction and scale-up in countries. This review outlines the legal regulatory status of prescription-only medicine (POM) and OTC contraceptives, including emergency contraception, and drugs for medical abortion in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco and Tunisia using information obtained from internet searches, regulatory information databases and personal contacts. In addition, the review examines whether the national medicines regulatory authorities have documented procedures available to allow for a change in status from a POM to OTC to allow for increased accessibility, availability and uptake of self-care interventions recommended by WHO. Egypt, Jordan and Lebanon have a documented national OTC list available. The only contraceptive product mentioned in the OTC lists across all five countries is ellaOne (ulipristal acetate for emergency contraception), which is publicly registered in Lebanon. None of the five countries has an official documented procedure to apply for the change of POM to OTC. Informal procedures exist, such as the ability to apply to the national medicines regulatory authority for OTC status if the product has OTC status in the original country of manufacture. However, many of these procedures are not officially documented, highlighting the need for establishing sound, affordable and effective regulation of medical products as an important part of health system strengthening. From a public health perspective, it would be advantageous for licensed products to be available OTC. This is particularly the case for settings where the health system is under-resourced or over-stretched due to health emergencies. Readiness of national regulatory guidelines and OTC procedures could lead to increased access, availability and usage of essential self-care interventions for sexual and reproductive health and rights.

Symptom-Related Self-Care of Mexican Americans With Type 2 Diabetes: Preliminary Findings of the Starr County Diabetes Education Study

1998 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharona. Brown ◽  
Sandra L. Upchurch ◽  
Alexandra A. Garcia ◽  
Sara A. Barton ◽  
Craig L. Hanis
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Diabetes Education ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Appropriate Education

Starr Country Texas, a Texas-Mexico border community, was the site of a study involving culturally-appropriate education and group support for Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes. Data were collected from 63 subjects on frequency of diabetes-related symptoms during the previous month and on self-care symptom treatments. On average, subjects were 57-year-old females, diagnosed with diabetes for 10 years, and exhibiting HbA1c levels of 12.5%. Almost 50% experienced excessive urination, excessive thirst, shakiness/nervousness, and numbness and/or tingling in their extremities. More than 50% of those who experienced symptoms did not view them as serious. Only one subject checked blood sugar levels when symptoms occurred. Significantly higher mean glycosylated hemoglobin levels were found for individuals who experienced dizziness and/or chest pain compared with those who did not. A variety of self-care treatments were employed, including over-the-counter medications and home remedies.

Over-the-Counter Medications and Self-Care

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 34???46 ◽  
Author(s):  
NANCY K. LOWE ◽  
NANCY M. RYAN-WENGER
Keyword(s):  
Self Care ◽  
Over The Counter

The Role of Drugs in Self-Care

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Joel Coons ◽  
William F. McGhan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Illness Behavior ◽  
The Self ◽  
Care Process ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Self Reliance

This article provides an overview of self-care and explores the role of self-medication within the self-care process. A model of illness behavior is described which includes the various courses of action that consumers may undertake when they experience a symptom or deviation from health. Reasons behind the trend toward self-care are presented along with information on the extent of this phenomenon. Self-medication is described as a response to symptoms which involves the use of nonprescription or over-the-counter (OTC) medications. It has been estimated that at least seventy-five percent of all illnesses and injuries are initially treated through self-care and over-the-counter (OTC) medications. It is suggested that the re-emergence of these forms of self-reliance is allowing individuals to retrieve some of the control that has been assumed by health-care professionals.

scholarly journals A Theory Based Intervention to Enhance Information Exchange during Over-The-Counter Consultations in Community Pharmacy: A Feasibility Study

Pharmacy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Liza Seubert ◽  
Whitelaw Kerry ◽  
Hattingh Laetitia ◽  
Margaret Watson ◽  
Rhonda Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Situational Cues ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Minor Ailments ◽  
Collection Methods

Background: Management of minor ailments through self-care and self-medication brings both benefits and risks that can be mitigated if consumers and pharmacy personnel engage in information exchange during over-the-counter (OTC) consultations. Objective: Explore the feasibility of interventions using situational cues to promote information exchange between pharmacy personnel and consumers, during OTC consultations. Methods: Intervention tools were developed prior to conducting the study, in two community pharmacies in Perth, Western Australia. The situational cues included two posters and individual position badges. Data were collected from audio-recording OTC consultations, consumer questionnaires and interviews, and pharmacy personnel interviews. Results: Space required for posters and for researchers conducting interviews was challenging in the retail environment. Pharmacy personnel perceived that the badges positively impacted -consumers’ ability to identify the position of personnel they engaged with. Data collection methods were deemed practical and acceptable. Conclusions: The proposed interventions and evaluation methods were feasible. The use of posters and badges as situational cues to address the barriers to information exchange during OTC consultations was found to be practical, in a community pharmacy setting. There is potential to use situational cues to address other barriers identified to information exchange, to add to the effectiveness of the intervention. With growing emphasis on self-care and self-medication, effective interventions are necessary to promote information exchange to enhance appropriate management in community pharmacies.

Self-care products for tooth whitening: advantages and disadvantages/ Produtos de autocuidado para clareamento de dentes: vantagens e desvantagens

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 69028-69038
Author(s):  
Maria Carolina Stoco Fazanaro ◽  
Luis Eduardo Genaro ◽  
Camila Lebre de Castro ◽  
Andréa Abi Rached Dantas
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Tooth Whitening ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Long Term Studies

The objective of the present study was to carry out a literature review on “self-care” or, in English, “Over-the-counter” (OTC) bleaching products, consulting articles in the Pubmed and Scielo databases, between the years 2000 and 2019, in order to evaluate its characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of use. We can conclude that the majority of whitening dentifrices and rinses on the market do not have a clinically significant whitening action; in relation to dental strips or strips, they have satisfactory whitening efficacy. However, it is important to emphasize the need for further long-term studies to affirm whether these products are really safe and efficient, since their advantages and disadvantages become doubtful and questionable. Therefore, guidance and monitoring by the dental surgeon in the handling and prescription of such products is extremely important, after all, if used in an indiscriminate and erroneous way, they can cause potentially harmful data to the patient.

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