scholarly journals THE PROS AND CONS OF CO2 CT ANGIOGRAPHY VERSUS CONVENTIONAL CONTRAST ENHANCED CT ANGIOGRAPHY IN THE TREATMENT OF PERIPHERAL VASCULAR OCCLUSIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 516-524
Author(s):  
Nawaf M.O.S Ali ◽  
◽  
Mohammad H.AAA Alsaffar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Surgery ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Ct Angiography ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct

Over the past two decades, the field of vascular surgery has experienced tremendous advances in technique and technology. After the description of vascular anastomosis by Dr. Alexis Carrel almost one hundred years ago, the subsequent years were slowly crowned by the differentiation of general and vascular surgeons (Friedman 2016). Notably, surgeons were able to distinguish themselves by developing and acquiring techniques that are specific to operations in vascular surgery. This type of surgery involves diseases associated with the vascular system, which specifically includes the arteries, veins, and the lymphatic structure. Thus, vascular surgery provides treatment for diseases associated with the veins and arteries and is used in cases where less invasive methods cannot be incorporated (Reis and Roever 2017). Importantly, vascular diseases arise from damaged vessels or the presence of inflammations or blood clots leading to the occurrence of illnesses like peripheral vascular disease or peripheral arterial disease (PAD) that is occlusive in nature. Notably, vascular occlusion can be defined as the blockage of blood vessels due to the growth of an abnormality or the accumulation of fat or calcium in the inner lining of the venous structure. Occlusion is a common characteristic of PAD where the diameter of the blood vessels narrows considerably (Rotzinger, Lu, Kawkabani, Marques-Vidal, Fetz and Qanadli 2020). Another good example of peripheral vascular occlusion arises from atherosclerosis. This is an occlusive disease where the arteries harden due to fat or calcium, leading to the narrowing of the internal diameter of the vessels (Rotzinger et al. 2020). Over time, this diameter narrows greatly resulting in the formation of clots that restrict the supply of blood to the entire area past the blockage, leading to the development of PVD/PAD.

ANGIOMATOSIS (HAMARTOMATOUS HEM-LYMPHANGIOMATOSIS)

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Peter J. Koblenzer ◽  
Martin J. Bukowski
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Histologic Examination ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Osteolytic Lesions ◽  
System A

A case is described of a diffuse, possibly generalized, abnormality of a hamartomatous nature of the peripheral vascular system. A number of cases from the literature, which also appear to belong in this category, are summarized. Histologic examination shows that lymph and blood vessels may both be involved, though this may be essentially an abnormality of the lymphatic system in which extensive venolymphatic communications occur. The clinical manifestations vary according to the site of involvement and the extent of dissemination and also according to whether the lesions are predominantly hemangiomatous or lymphangiomatous. The main features are osteolytic lesions, visceromegaly, cutaneous hemangiomas or lymphangiomas and massive effusions into any body cavity. The effusions are usually chylous, sanguineous or a mixture of both. Any or all of these features may be present in any one case. The disease frequently has its onset in childhood or adolescence and tends to be progressive. If the lesions are widely disseminated or an effusion into a body cavity is present the outlook is grave. Treatment so far has been unsuccessful. Surgery may occasionally have a place. The term angiomatosis is employed to denote this condition not only to underline its potentially extensive nature but also to avoid debate as to whether it is essentially hemangiomatosis or lymphangiomatosis.

The Relationship between Genito-Urinary Hæmorrhage and Diseases of the Vascular System

1933 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
A. Clifford Morson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Vascular Lesion ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
Sudden Loss ◽  
The Relationship

The diseases of the vascular system which cause hæmorrhage from the genito-urinary tract are:— (1) Those in which changes are noted in the blood and capillary endothelium, and (2) Those in which alterations of a pathological nature are taking place in the walls of both large and small blood-vessels, but in which there is no change in the blood itself. In the first group are the purpuras; in the second arteriosclerosis, hyperpiesis and atheroma. This paper is confined to a discussion of the latter group of diseases in relation to genito-urinary hæmorrhage. Little attention has been paid to sudden loss of blood from the kidney, bladder, or genitalia in support of a diagnosis of a vascular lesion, other than angioma. Hæmorrhage in these cases may be purely renal, vesical, or penile. Investigations consist of examination of the superficial arteries, estimation of the blood-pressure, examination of the blood and cystoscopy. Surgical lesions must be excluded by the usual well-known methods. A careful record has been kept of fifteen cases of arteriosclerosis in which hæmorrhage from the genito-urinary tract has been the predominant manifestation of the disease. Details are given of nine patients with renal, one with vesical and three with urethral hæmorrhage. Two cases of thrombosis of the penis are also included. From a study of the literature here the cases of urethral hæmorrhage and thrombosis of the penis, recorded as due to arterial disease, appear to be unique.

Vascular Surgery

2020 ◽  
pp. 277-290
Author(s):  
Jad M. Abdelsattar ◽  
Moustafa M. El Khatib ◽  
T. K. Pandian ◽  
Samuel J. Allen ◽  
David R. Farley
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Vascular Surgery ◽  
Ct Angiography ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Blood Vessel Wall

Blood vessels are formed from mesoderm-derived endothelial cells. Arteries, arterioles, and capillaries carry blood from the heart to tissues; venules and veins return blood to the heart. The force exerted by blood on the blood vessel wall is BP and is expressed in mm Hg. Vascular diseases present in various forms, such as bleeding, clotting, stroke, headache, and heart attack. Arteriography was the standard for evaluating arterial disease, but CT angiography and MRI are useful and ever improving. Postoperative concerns include bleeding, clotting, ischemia, stroke, and myocardial infarction.

Microfluidics of blood in blood vessels stenosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.T. Akhmetov ◽  
A.A. Valiev ◽  
A.A. Rakhimov ◽  
S.P. Sametov ◽  
R.R. Habibullina
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Hydraulic Resistance ◽  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Hydrodynamic Conditions ◽  
Microstructure Change ◽  
Healthy Part

It is mentioned in the paper that hydrodynamic conditions of a flow in blood vessels with the stenosis are abnormal in relation to the total hemodynamic conditions of blood flow in a vascular system of a human body. A microfluidic device developed with a stepped narrowing for studying of the blood flow at abnormal conditions allowed to reveal blood structure in microchannels simulating the stenosis. Microstructure change is observed during the flow of both native and diluted blood through the narrowing. The study of hemorheological properties allowed us to determine an increasing contribution of the hydraulic resistance of the healthy part of the vessel during the stenosis formation.

The Role of Doppler Ultrasound, CT Angiography, and Conventional Angiography in Detection of Peripheral Arterial Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 154431672110303
Author(s):  
Sayan Sarkar ◽  
Shyam Mohan ◽  
Shakthi Parvathy
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Ct Angiography ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
P Value ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

The purpose of this study is to analyze how accurate duplex ultrasonography using color Doppler and computed tomography (CT) angiography are in detection of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in comparison with the Gold Standard of digital subtraction angiography (DSA). This is a single-center prospective, analytical study done on patients with symptoms of PAD referred to the Department of Radiodiagnosis of Medical Trust Hospital (n = 53). All patients were imaged with color Doppler, CT angiography, and DSA. The peak systolic velocity (PSV) ratio was calculated by Doppler ultrasound, and the percentage stenosis for the same vascular segments was calculated using CT angiography and DSA. To test the statistical significance between the results, chi-square test was used. A P value <.05 indicates statistical significance. The PSV ratio for each grade—normal (<1.5), mild (1.5-2.8), moderate (2.9-4.9), and severe (≥5)—and the percentage of stenosis for each grade observed on CT angiography—normal (<20% stenosis), mild (20%-49% stenosis), moderate (50%-74% stenosis), severe (75%-99% stenosis), and total occlusion (100% stenosis)—were found to be highly sensitive and specific with good positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy level when compared with DSA with narrow confidence intervals for each range. The P value was <.001 for both color Doppler and CT angiography. Computed tomography angiography can be an effective tool as an alternative to DSA for gradation of stenosis if the artifacts resulting from vascular calcification can be avoided. Duplex ultrasonography can be utilized for gradation of stenosis by using the value of PSV ratio and spectral pattern together. However, it can only act as an adjunct to CT angiography because it is incapable of imaging the full length of the arterial segments in 1 frame.

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