The Relationship between Genito-Urinary Hæmorrhage and Diseases of the Vascular System

1933 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
A. Clifford Morson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Vascular Lesion ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
Sudden Loss ◽  
The Relationship

The diseases of the vascular system which cause hæmorrhage from the genito-urinary tract are:— (1) Those in which changes are noted in the blood and capillary endothelium, and (2) Those in which alterations of a pathological nature are taking place in the walls of both large and small blood-vessels, but in which there is no change in the blood itself. In the first group are the purpuras; in the second arteriosclerosis, hyperpiesis and atheroma. This paper is confined to a discussion of the latter group of diseases in relation to genito-urinary hæmorrhage. Little attention has been paid to sudden loss of blood from the kidney, bladder, or genitalia in support of a diagnosis of a vascular lesion, other than angioma. Hæmorrhage in these cases may be purely renal, vesical, or penile. Investigations consist of examination of the superficial arteries, estimation of the blood-pressure, examination of the blood and cystoscopy. Surgical lesions must be excluded by the usual well-known methods. A careful record has been kept of fifteen cases of arteriosclerosis in which hæmorrhage from the genito-urinary tract has been the predominant manifestation of the disease. Details are given of nine patients with renal, one with vesical and three with urethral hæmorrhage. Two cases of thrombosis of the penis are also included. From a study of the literature here the cases of urethral hæmorrhage and thrombosis of the penis, recorded as due to arterial disease, appear to be unique.

EVALUATION OF THE VESSEL AGE BY APPLYING THE ACCELERATION PLETHYSMOGRAM ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Елизавета Александровна Молчанова ◽  
Петр Вячеславович Лужнов
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Second Derivative ◽  
Contour Analysis ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Vascular Age ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

В работе приведены понятия жесткости, эластичности и тонуса сосудов, а также же их взаимосвязь с общим состоянием сосудистой стенки. Описан индекс, объединяющий влияние вышеперечисленных факторов на состояние сосудистой системы и дающий представление о возрасте сосудов пациента, а также показана связь этого индекса с возрастом человека. Представлен обзор способов определения возраста сосудов с помощью контурного анализа пульсовой волны. Среди предложенных способов был выделен подход на основе контурного анализа сигнала пульсовой волны, а также ее второй производной. В данном исследовании проводилась разработка алгоритма расчета показателя возраста сосудов (VA), базирующаяся на анализе сигнала и его второй производной. При этом особое внимание уделялось физической интерпретации параметров, входящих в состав расчетной формулы. С помощью представленного алгоритма в группе из трех испытуемых был определен сосудистый возраст. Из анализа полученных результатов было выявлено влияние физиологических факторов на значение возраста сосудов. Предложены методики, позволяющие исключить влияние этих факторов на значения показателя VA и тем самым получить более точные результаты. Также представлены стратегии дальнейшего развития исследований в этом направлении In The paper presents the concepts of rigidity, elasticity and tone of blood vessels, as well as their relationship with the general state of the vascular wall. An index is described that combines the influence of the above factors on the state of the vascular system and gives an idea of the age of the patient's vessels, and also shows the relationship of this index with the age of a person. An overview of the methods for determining the age of blood vessels using the contour analysis of the pulse wave is presented. Among the proposed methods, an approach based on the contour analysis of the pulse wave signal, as well as its second derivative, was singled out. In this study, an algorithm was developed for calculating the indicator of vascular age (VA), based on the analysis of the signal and its second derivative. In this case, special attention was paid to the physical interpretation of the parameters included in the calculation formula. Using the presented algorithm, vascular age was determined in a group of three subjects. From the analysis of the results obtained, the influence of physiological factors on the value of the age of the vessels was revealed. Methods are proposed that allow to exclude the influence of these factors on the values of the VA indicator and thereby obtain more accurate results. Also presented are strategies for the further development of research in this direction

scholarly journals The Relationship between the 24 h Blood Pressure Variability and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: A Compared Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huahua Xiong ◽  
Dan Wu ◽  
Xiaohong Tian ◽  
Wan-Hua Lin ◽  
Chunyue Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Large City ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Average Real Variability ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

Large blood pressure variability (BPV) will not only harm the target organ but also increase the possibility of the cardiovascular events. Since the damage of vascular system always leads to the alteration of the carotid wall, the structure and function of the carotid artery have been extensively examined in previous studies. In this work we conduct a study (60 subjects, aged 33–79) to evaluate the relationship between BPV and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in Shenzhen, which is one large city in the southern area of China. In our study, the blood pressure (BP) was collected using the 24 h ambulatory BP monitoring, and the BPV was evaluated using standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), and average real variability (ARV) during 24 h, daytime and nighttime. All the IMT measurements are collected by ultrasound. The results show that both the daytime, and 24 h systolic BPV evaluated by three indices are positively associated with IMT. Among them, daytime systolic BPV evaluated with ARV is the best variable to represent the increasing of carotid IMT. In addition, after adjusting by age, sex, smoking, hypertension, and mean BP and PP values, 24 h diastolic BPV evaluated with SD also presents the favorable performance.

scholarly journals STUDIES IN EDEMA

1909 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-640
Author(s):  
Moyer S. Fleisher ◽  
Leo Loeb
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Short Time

1. As a result of the intravenous infusion of a solution of sodium chloride a characteristic curve indicating the fluid retained in the vascular system is obtained. In the first period of the infusion the maximum of retention of fluid is noted. Then more fluid is removed from the blood vessels, so that for a short time a fall in the curve of dilution takes place, after which the dilution again slowly increases. 2. This curve is not materially changed by the addition of calcium chloride or of adrenalin to the infused solution, and under such conditions adrenalin does not lead to an increased pressing out of fluid from the vascular system, although is causes a constant and decided rise in blood pressure. Myocarditic lesions lead to an increased intravascular retention of fluid. Nephrectomy does not lead to an increased intravascular retention of fluid, but probably causes a diminution of the amount of fluid retained in the blood vessels.

scholarly journals Association of Vascular Physical Examination Findings and Arteriographic Lesions in Large Vessel Vasculitis

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER C. GRAYSON ◽  
GUNNAR TOMASSON ◽  
DAVID CUTHBERTSON ◽  
SIMON CARETTE ◽  
GARY S. HOFFMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Large Vessel Vasculitis ◽  
Large Vessel ◽  
Full Extent ◽  
Blood Pressure Difference ◽  
Arterial Lesions ◽  
Sensitivity Range

Objective.To assess the utility of the vascular physical examination to detect arteriographic lesions in patients with established large vessel vasculitis (LVV), including Takayasu’s arteritis (TAK) and giant cell arteritis (GCA).Methods.In total, 100 patients (TAK = 68, GCA = 32) underwent standardized physical examination and angiography of the carotid, subclavian, and axillary arteries. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for the association between findings on physical examination focusing on the vascular system (absent pulse, bruit, and blood pressure difference) and arteriographic lesions defined as stenosis, occlusion, or aneurysm.Results.We found 67% of patients had at least 1 abnormality on physical examination (74% TAK, 53% GCA). Arteriographic lesions were seen in 76% of patients (82% TAK, 63% GCA). Individual physical examination findings had poor sensitivity (range 14%–50%) and good-excellent specificity (range 71%–98%) to detect arteriographic lesions. Even when considering physical examination findings in combination, at least 30% of arteriographic lesions were missed. Specificity improved (range 88%–100%) if individual physical examination findings were compared to a broader region of vessels rather than specific anatomically correlated vessels and if ≥ 1 physical examination findings were combined.Conclusion.In patients with established LVV, physical examination alone is worthwhile to detect arterial disease but does not always localize or reveal the full extent of arteriographic lesions. Abnormal vascular system findings on physical examination are highly associated with the presence of arterial lesions, but normal findings on physical examination do not exclude the possibility of arterial disease. Serial angiographic assessment is advisable to monitor arterial disease in patients with established LVV.

An evaluation of large arteries compliance in man

1979 ◽  
Vol 237 (5) ◽  
pp. H550-H554 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Simon ◽  
M. E. Safar ◽  
J. A. Levenson ◽  
G. M. London ◽  
B. I. Levy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
K Value ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Large Arteries ◽  
The Relationship

Cardiac output, blood pressure, and the characteristics of diastolic pressure decay were studied in 12 normal subjects and 23 sustained hypertensive patients of the same age. In normal subjects and in hypertensives, analysis of the diastolic decay showed that i) the form of the decay approximated a simple monoexponential curve during the last two-thirds of the diastolic segment, and ii) the time constant (t) of the curve was positively correlated with the total peripheral resistance (TPR), with an intercept of nearly zero. The validity of the relationship t = K x TPR was demonstrated both in groups of patients and also in individuals. Using a simple model for the vascular system, the K value was identified as the large arteries compliance and could thus be calculated in each individual. The values of arterial compliance was 1.26 +/- 0.04 ml.mmHg-1.m-2 in normal subjects and was significantly reduced in hypertensive patients (0.88 +/- 0.02 ml.mmHg=1.m-2,. P less than 0.001).

scholarly journals The usage of a hydraulic model of the vascular system in the development of verification units for blood pressure measuring devices

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-382
Author(s):  
A I Soyko ◽  
R N Karataev ◽  
I V Klyushkin ◽  
V A Gogin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Hydraulic Model ◽  
Rate Measurement ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Heart Rate Measurement ◽  
Human Circulatory System

The hydraulic model of the human circulatory system was discussed, presented from the position of classification and systematization of the major blood vessels, identified were the main consumers of the circulatory system, considered in detail was the area of regulation associated with the processes of blood pressure and heart rate measurement.

scholarly journals The Effects of Stress on the Vascular System for Different Ages in Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Mohanad A. Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Effects Of Stress ◽  
The Impact

The effects of stress in newborns were more severe than adults, The changes in the blood vessels and the heart of age-related and the result of stress are reflected on adaptation and resistance to the development of cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension. Therefore, experiments were conducted to study the changes developments on the heart and blood vessels under the influence of stress at the stages of maturity, used a laboratory rat model. The impact of each of the chronotropic and the stress on the blood vessels at the newborn rats were higher than adult animals, myocardial indolence and high blood pressure were observed at the old rats compared to adult animals as a result of the stress-responses.

scholarly journals Studying Changes of the Effective Radius in Blood Vessels after Exposure of Low Extremities to Periodical Mechanical Vibrations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Nahirniak ◽  
N Kusniak ◽  
I Kashperuk-Karpiuk ◽  
L Andrushchak ◽  
T Protsak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Effective Radius ◽  
Mechanical Vibrations ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blood Pressures

Background: Previous studies demonstrated a health improving effect in patients underwent an automatic vibratory massage taking 10 minutes. One of reasons that may explain a healing effect of the automatic massage is a stimulated increase in both blood circulation through vascular system and effective size of blood vessels.Objective: This paper aims to quantify a contribution of the automatic mechanical massage of low extremities into the observed reduction in arterial blood pressure and explain this effect.Material and Methods: In this study, the low extremities of male and female patients were exposed to low frequency (12 Hz) mechanical vibrations for 10 minutes and the change in systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressures before and after this procedure was measured.Results: The experiments showed there is a reduction in systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressures after vibrational massage. There were corresponding 3.5±1.8 mmHg and 3.1±1.6 mm Hg arterial blood pressure reductions among men and 5.5±3.2 mm Hg and 2.2±1.2 mm Hg reductions among women.Conclusion: We explained this effect by increasing effective radius of blood vessels. Based on the Hagen-Poiseuille equation, we made estimates for the relative change in the effective radius of blood vessels. They gave the 0.7% and 1.3% increases in the effective radius of blood vessels in low extremities in men during systole and diastole, respectively, and the corresponding 1.1% and 0.6% increases in the effective radius of blood vessels of low extremities in women during the same periods.

scholarly journals THE PROS AND CONS OF CO2 CT ANGIOGRAPHY VERSUS CONVENTIONAL CONTRAST ENHANCED CT ANGIOGRAPHY IN THE TREATMENT OF PERIPHERAL VASCULAR OCCLUSIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 516-524
Author(s):  
Nawaf M.O.S Ali ◽  
◽  
Mohammad H.AAA Alsaffar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Surgery ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Ct Angiography ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct

Over the past two decades, the field of vascular surgery has experienced tremendous advances in technique and technology. After the description of vascular anastomosis by Dr. Alexis Carrel almost one hundred years ago, the subsequent years were slowly crowned by the differentiation of general and vascular surgeons (Friedman 2016). Notably, surgeons were able to distinguish themselves by developing and acquiring techniques that are specific to operations in vascular surgery. This type of surgery involves diseases associated with the vascular system, which specifically includes the arteries, veins, and the lymphatic structure. Thus, vascular surgery provides treatment for diseases associated with the veins and arteries and is used in cases where less invasive methods cannot be incorporated (Reis and Roever 2017). Importantly, vascular diseases arise from damaged vessels or the presence of inflammations or blood clots leading to the occurrence of illnesses like peripheral vascular disease or peripheral arterial disease (PAD) that is occlusive in nature. Notably, vascular occlusion can be defined as the blockage of blood vessels due to the growth of an abnormality or the accumulation of fat or calcium in the inner lining of the venous structure. Occlusion is a common characteristic of PAD where the diameter of the blood vessels narrows considerably (Rotzinger, Lu, Kawkabani, Marques-Vidal, Fetz and Qanadli 2020). Another good example of peripheral vascular occlusion arises from atherosclerosis. This is an occlusive disease where the arteries harden due to fat or calcium, leading to the narrowing of the internal diameter of the vessels (Rotzinger et al. 2020). Over time, this diameter narrows greatly resulting in the formation of clots that restrict the supply of blood to the entire area past the blockage, leading to the development of PVD/PAD.

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