scholarly journals The effects of a QTL for root development under hypoxia on yield of soybean exposed to 7-day waterlogging at seedling stage

2020 ◽  
pp. 1682-1687
Author(s):  
Dang Thi Thu Hien ◽  
Nguyen Van Loc ◽  
Tomomi Abiko ◽  
Toshihiro Mochizuki
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Isogenic Line ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Waterlogged Condition ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Seed Yields

In humid parts of the world, waterlogging is a major environmental stress limiting the yield of soybean and its root development is an important indicator of tolerance. Recently, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for this trait were detected on the chromosome 12 of soybean through the analyses of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from a cross between a hypoxia-sensitive cultivar, Tachinagaha, and a tolerant landrace, Iyodaizu. In this study, in order to get a detailed understanding of these QTLs, NIL-9-4-5, a near-isogenic line (NIL), was selected from Tachinagaha/Iyodaizu BC6F2 population through marker assisted selection (MAS). NIL-9-4-5 was then tested for yield performance under waterlogging conditions exposed at the seedling stage. The test was conducted in a greenhouse in 2015 and 2018 at the Experimental Farm of Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. Soybean plants were grown in pots containing loam soil. From six days after germination, seedlings were grown for 7 days under two treatments: drained (control) and waterlogging conditions. Pots were kept in containers where the water level was maintained at 2.0 cm depth from bottom in the control and at 2.0 cm above the soil surface in waterlogged condition. Experimental results consistently showed that seed yields of both Iyodaizu and NIL-9-4-5 were not reduced under waterlogging. Compared to Tachinagaha, NIL-9-4-5 showed higher root development and increased seed yield under waterlogging. These indicate that the tested QTLs are able to increase yield by stimulating root development under waterlogging.

Response of Weeds and Soybeans to Vernolate and Other Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Seed Yields

Vernolate (S-propyl dipropylthiocarbamate) injected into a sandy loam soil controlled a higher percentage of early weeds in soybeans (Glycine max(L.) Merr.) in 2 years out of 3 when compared with incorporated vernolate at the same rate by conventional methods. Late season weed control was enhanced by split applications of herbicides applied postemergence in sequence with vernolate. Chloroxuron (3-[p-(p-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1-dimethylurea) applied early postemergence plus 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron) or 2,4-bis-(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine (prometryne) applied in split applications as late and layby treatments gave the best weed control. Prometryne caused chlorotic veination in the upper leaves of the plants each year. In 1970, when prometryne was applied in sequence with incorporated vernolate, soybean plants were injured 30% compared with only 8% injury when the same herbicide was applied in sequence with injected vernolate at the same rate. The average seed yields were higher from injected vernolate at 1.12 kg/ha than from incorporated vernolate at 2.24 kg/ha. There was no difference in yield when vernolate was incorporated or injected at the same rate. Seed yields from the 3-year average were lower from plots treated with prometryne than from plots treated with linuron or 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb). Generally, the soybean seed quality was lower and seed size smaller when herbicide treatments failed to control weeds throughout the growing season.

scholarly journals Molecular Mapping of Loci Conferring Susceptibility to Spot Blotch and Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Barley Using the Sequencing-Based Genotyping Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueqiang Leng ◽  
Mingxia Zhao ◽  
Jason Fiedler ◽  
Antonín Dreiseitl ◽  
Shiaoman Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Trait Locus

Spot blotch (SB) caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana and powdery mildew (PM) caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei are two important diseases of barley. To map genetic loci controlling susceptibility and resistance to these diseases, a mapping population consisting of 138 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from the cross between Bowman and ND5883. A genetic map was constructed for the population with 852 unique single nucleotide polymorphism markers generated by sequencing-based genotyping. Bowman and ND5883 showed distinct infection responses at the seedling stage to two isolates (ND90Pr and ND85F) of Bipolaris sorokiniana and one isolate (Race I) of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Genetic analysis of the RILs revealed that one major gene (Scs6) controls susceptibility to Bipolaris sorokiniana isolate ND90Pr, and another major gene (Mla8) confers resistance to Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei isolate Race I, respectively. Scs6 was mapped on chromosome 1H of Bowman, as previously reported. Mla8 was also mapped to the short arm of 1H, which was tightly linked but not allelic to the Rcs6/Scs6 locus. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis identified two QTLs, QSbs-1H-P1 and QSbs-7H-P1, responsible for susceptibility to spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana isolate ND85F in ND5883, which are located on chromosome 1H and 7H, respectively. QSbs-7H-P1 was mapped to the same region as Rcs5, whereas QSbs-1H-P1 may represent a novel allele conferring seedling stage susceptibility to isolate ND85F. Identification and molecular mapping of the loci for SB susceptibility and PM resistance will facilitate development of barley cultivars with resistance to the diseases.

scholarly journals Response of Iranian Rice Recombinant Inbred Lines (Oryza sativa L.) to Salt Stress in Seedling Stage

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (29) ◽  
pp. 65-84
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Minoo Mirarab Razi ◽  
Reza Shirzadian-Khorramabad ◽  
Hossein Sabouri ◽  
Babak Rabiei ◽  
Hossein Hosseini Moghadam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Seedling Stage

Examination of the Penetration of Enteric Viruses in Soils under Simulated Conditions in the Laboratory

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 197-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Unsaturated Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Coxsackievirus B3 ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Sand Column ◽  
Loam Soil

In two different unsaturated soil columns percolated with artificial rainwater under simulated aerated conditions, transport of coxsackievirus B3 and adenovirus 1 below 3.5 cm under the soil surface could not be demonstrated. The viruses were applied to the columns as seeded sewage sludge. Under saturated conditions transport of water-suspended coxsackievirus B3 was faster in a soil column with sandy loam soil than in a diluvial sand column.

scholarly journals Influence of Burner Position on Temperature Distribution in Soybean Flaming

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloš Rajković ◽  
Goran Malidža ◽  
Strahinja Stepanović ◽  
Marko Kostić ◽  
Kristina Petrović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Temperature Distributions ◽  
Soybean Canopy ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Surface Flame

The main objective of this study was to identify optimal burner orientation for a newly designed flame cultivator by quantifying the flame temperature distributions of cross, back, and parallel position of burners at different heights of the soybean canopy (distance from the soil surface). Flame temperatures were measured within-row for three burner orientations at seven propane doses (20–100 kg/ha) and eight different canopy heights (0–18 cm above soil surface). Soybean plants in V3 growth stage were flamed with the same doses and burner orientations, and 28 days after treatment (DAT) crop injury (0%–100%), plant height (cm), dry matter (g) and grain yield (t/ha) were assessed. All three burner orientations had high flame temperatures at lower canopy heights (<6 cm high) that gradually decreased with increasing canopy height (6–18 cm). Measured temperatures ranged from 33 to 234 ℃ for cross flaming, 29 to 269 ℃ for back flaming and 23 to 155 ℃ for parallel flaming, with high variability in temperature patterns. Back flaming generated flame temperatures above 100℃ at a lower propane dose (27 kg/ha) compared to cross and parallel flaming (40 and 50 kg/ha). For all tested parameters, parallel and cross flaming had better impact on soybeans than back flaming, but for weed control in crop rows, cross flaming is recommended.

Common Cocklebur Competition in Soybeans

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 600-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Barrentine
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Over The Top

The competitive effects of common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.) on soybeans[Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Lee 68′] were studied on Dundee silty clay loam soil from 1970 to 1972. Full-season competition by common cocklebur at 3,300, 6,600, 13,000, and 26,000 plants/ha reduced the 2-year average soybean seed yields 10, 28, 43, and 52%, respectively. Competition from common cocklebur at 100,000 plants/ha for 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 16 weeks after soybean emergence reduced soybean seed yields 10, 36, 40, 60, 80, and 80%, respectively. A reduction in soybean stand occurred after 12 or more weeks competition, and an increase in soybean plant height occurred after 10 or more weeks competition. When common cockleburs were removed during the first 4 weeks after soybean emergence, no further removal was required to obtain maximum soybean yield. Bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-(4)3H-one 2,2-dioxide] at 1.1 to 2.2 kg/ha applied over-the-top of common cockleburs and soybeans was as effective as hand removal in terminating competition provided common cocklebur plants were not flowering.

QTL mapping for seedling morphology under drought stress in wheat cross synthetic (W7984)/Opata

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-366
Author(s):  
Maria Khalid ◽  
Alvina Gul ◽  
Rabia Amir ◽  
Mohsin Ali ◽  
Fakiha Afzal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Seedling Morphology

AbstractDrought stress ‘particularly at seedling stage’ causes morpho-physiological differences in wheat which are crucial for its survival and adaptability. In the present study, 209 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from synthetic wheat (W7984)× ‘Opata’ (also known as SynOpRIL) population were investigated under well-watered and water-limited conditions to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for morphological traits at seedling stage. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences (P < 0.01) among RILs, and water treatments for all traits with moderate to high broad sense heritability. Pearson's coefficient of correlation revealed positive correlation among all traits except dry root weight that showed poor correlation with fresh shoot weight (FSW) under water-limited conditions. A high-density linkage map was constructed with 2639 genotyping-by-sequencing markers and covering 5047 cM with an average marker density of 2 markers/cM. Composite interval mapping identified 16 QTL distributed over nine chromosomes, of which six were identified under well-watered and 10 in water-limited conditions. These QTL explained from 4 to 59% of the phenotypic variance. Six QTL were identified on chromosome 7B; three for shoot length under water-limited conditions (QSL.nust-7B) at 64, 104 and 221 cM, two for fresh root weight (QFRW.nust-7B) at 124 and 128 cM, and one for root length (QRL.nust-7B) at 122 cM positions. QFSW.nust-7B appeared to be the most significant QTL explaining 59% of the phenotypic variance and also associated with FSW at well-watered conditions. These QTL could serve as target regions for candidate gene discovery and marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding.

Subsurface Application and Shallow Incorporation of Herbicides on Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Wiese ◽  
E. B. Hudspeth
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Loam Soil

In a 3-year study on four soil types, subsurface application just ahead of a planter with a device that removed the top from the bed, applied a band of spray, and covered the band with soil reduced weed control in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) obtained with 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (diuron), 2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-methylmercapto-s-triazine (prometryne), 3-(hexahydro-4,7-methanoindan-5-yl)-1,1-dimethylurea (norea), dimethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrachloroterephthalate (DCPA), and 1,1-dimethyl-3(α,α,α,-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea (fluometuron) compared to applications on the soil surface. This machine improved weed control with α,α,α,-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin). Shallow incorporation, with two helical blades, after planting increased weed control with trifluralin, diuron, and DCPA by 10% or more over the surface applications. This incorporator increased weed control obtained with prometryne and norea 5%. Very shallow incorporation, with metal tines, after planting improved weed control obtained with trifluralin and DCPA 18 and 11%, respectively. Weed control with norea was increased 7%, but metal tines did not appreciably affect weed control obtained with prometryne, diuron, or fluometuron. Compared to surface applications, incorporation increased cotton injury with diuron, norea, prometryne, and fluometuron on sandy loam soil.

Ammonia volatilization from surface-applied livestock slurry as affected by slurry composition and slurry infiltration depth

2006 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. SOMMER ◽  
L. S. JENSEN ◽  
S. B. CLAUSEN ◽  
H. T. SØGAARD
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Fertilizer Value ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Water Values ◽  
Slurry Composition

Volatilization of ammonia (NH3) from slurry applied in the field is considered a risk to the environment and reduces the fertilizer value of the slurry. To reduce volatilization a better understanding of the slurry–soil interaction is needed. Therefore, the present study focuses on measuring NH3 volatilization as affected by differences in infiltration. Livestock slurries with different dry matter (DM) composition and viscosity were included in the experiments by using untreated cattle and pig slurry, pig slurry anaerobically digested in a biogas plant and pig slurry anaerobically digested and physically separated. NH3 volatilization was measured using dynamic chambers and related to infiltration of the livestock slurries in the soil by measuring chloride (Cl−) and Total Ammoniacal Nitrogen (TAN=ammonium (NH4+)+NH3) concentrations in soil at different depths from 0·5 to 6·0 cm from the soil surface. The slurries were applied to sandy and sandy-loam soils packed in boxes within the chambers. There were no significant differences in relative volatilization of NH3 from untreated cattle and pig slurries, but anaerobic digestion of pig slurry increased volatilization due to increases in pH. However, physical separation of the digested slurry reduced the volatilization compared with untreated slurry, due to increased infiltration. In general, the volatilization decreased significantly with increased infiltration. The present study shows that NH3 volatilization from applied slurry can be related to infiltration and that infiltration is related to slurry composition (i.e. DM content and particle size distribution) and soil water content. The infiltration of liquid (measured by Cl− infiltration) was affected by soil water potential, therefore, Cl− infiltrated deeper into the sandy loam soil than the sandy soil at similar gravimetric soil water values. Dry matter (DM) and large particles (>1 mm) of the slurry reduced infiltration of liquid. A high proportion of small particles (<0·025 mm) facilitated infiltration of TAN.

Root development in seedlings of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) sown onto the soil surface

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
PS Cornish
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Nodal Roots ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
Seminal Roots ◽  
Surface Drying ◽  
Axial Resistance

The effects of surface-sowing on root type, number and xylem radius were studied in relation to the seedling growth and survival of ryegrass and phalaris. Under optimal conditions in a growth cabinet, both species produced primary and lateral seminal roots, nodal roots and, in the absence of light, a subcoleoptile internode (s.c.i.). Phalaris had fewer lateral seminal roots and, in this species, internodal roots occurred along the s.c.i. Surface placement per se had no effect on any of the measured parameters of root development, but surface drying prevented nodal root primordia from extending, even when plants were otherwise supplied with water. This effect of surface drying on nodal root development was confirmed in a glasshouse study using undisturbed soil cores (30 by 60 cm) to simulate field conditions. Phalaris was less likely than ryegrass to produce nodal roots after surface sowing. The effective xylem radius (re) of the primary seminal root was 7.9 �m in ryegrass and 11.6 �m in phalaris. Calculations using the Poiseuille equation indicated that the axial resistance to water flow through these roots would greatly restrict seedling water uptake and growth in the absence of other roots. Lateral seminal roots and internodal roots had small vessels which could not significantly reduce the axial resistance to flow. Good seedling water relations in both species therefore depend on early development of the nodal roots which contain large xylem vessels (re > 16 �m). It was concluded that the effect of soil-surface drying on nodal root development was likely to account for some cases of poor vigour and survival of surface-sown grasses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document