scholarly journals Pollen fertility differences in the progenies obtained from a cross between eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) as a seed parent and eggplant cytoplasmic substitution lines as pollen parents

2021 ◽  
pp. 233-237
Author(s):  
Shiro Isshiki ◽  
Ichiro Nakamura ◽  
Kenji Ureshino ◽  
Md. Mizanur Rahim Khan
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Pollen Parent ◽  
Seed Parent ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Alloplasmic Lines ◽  
Germination Ability ◽  
Pollen Release ◽  
Wild Solanum

To the best of our knowledge, there is no report about pollen fertility of the progenies developed using eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) as a seed parent and eggplant cytoplasmic substitution lines as pollen parents. Pollen fertility of these progenies is very important to use as restorer line in the eggplant’s hybrid breeding program. In this study, pollen fertility was investigated for the progenies which were produced using S. melongena ‘Uttara’ as a seed parent and the eggplant cytoplasmic substitution lines as pollen parents. To assess pollen fertility, pollen stainability and in vitro germination ability were investigated. Although the nuclear and the cytoplasmic genome of the progenies were almost identical to eggplant ‘Uttara’, a clear difference was observed in the pollen fertility due to the difference in the pollen parents having different wild Solanum cytoplasms. The progenies produced using the functional cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines as a pollen parent, whose cytoplasm donor were S. kurzii, S. violaceum and S. virginianum, showed pollen release type and high pollen fertility almost equal to eggplant ‘Uttara’. It is considered that the characteristics of these progenies were almost the same as eggplant. On the other hand, the progenies that produced using the fertility restored lines of the pollen non-formation type CMS lines as a pollen parent, whose cytoplasm donors were S. aethiopicum, S. anguivi and S. grandifolium, showed pollen release type and low pollen fertility, i.e., pollen staining ability was about 54% and pollen germination ability were about 35%. It is considered that the cause of this low pollen fertility was the incompatibility between the eggplant cytoplasm and the eggplant nuclear genome, which seems to be modified in the process of continuous backcrossing under the wild Solanum cytoplasms. It is suggested that complete nuclear substitution is difficult by continuous backcrossing with eggplant in the alloplasmic lines with S. aethiopicum, S. anguivi and S. grandifolium cytoplasm donors. Incompatibility between the normal eggplant cytoplasm and the modified eggplant nuclear genomes of the alloplasmic lines with S. aethiopicum, S. anguivi and S. grandifolium cytoplasms might be a cause for the low pollen fertility of the investigated progenies

Study of the possibilities of using sunflower lines with different colours of seeds to create poultry feed

Helia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Vedmedeva ◽  
Tatiana Machova
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Seed Colour

Abstract Sunflower is used for the production of oil, confectionery and animal feed. Birds are very fond of sunflowers and can be pests of sunflower crops, and are consumers of seeds. Sunflower poultry feed is an emerging market that determines the direction of breeding. Its development is based on the determination of bird preferences and the available variety of sunflower lines. This is what our research is devoted to. Experimental feeding of chickens with a mixture of sunflower seeds of different colours was carried out. Chickens have been found to prefer contrasting striped seeds with white and dark stripes more than others. The white colour of the seeds was eaten less than others. Studies of the genetics of sunflower colour allow us to distinguish two groups of lines by seed colour. The first has white seeds with the EwEwPP genotype, suitable for use in human confectionery and more protected from being eaten by wild birds in the fields. The second is striped seeds with the EstrEstrPP genotype, which can be fed whole seeds to birds. Donors of seed colour traits and other traits important for hybrid breeding were selected from the evaluated collection of sunflower lines. InK1039 line is a donor of small striped seeds and pollen fertility restoration. InK1587 line is a sterility fixer and donor of striped and early maturing seeds. To create hybrids with white seeds for human consumption and thus more resistant to ingestion by wild birds, white seed donors were isolated with KG9 to restore pollen fertility and I2K2218 in a pollen sterility fixer.

Genetics: the centre of science

1966 ◽  
Vol 164 (995) ◽  
pp. 154-166 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Principle ◽  
Pollen Parent ◽  
Seed Parent ◽  
Crossing Experiments ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Isaac Newton ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Difference

It is not often possible to pinpoint the origin of a whole new branch of science accurately in time and place, because, as Isaac Newton said, there are usually so many precursors on whose shoulders the successor stands and is thereby able to see further than they. But genetics is an exception, for it owes its origin to one man, Gregor Johann Mendel, who expounded its basic principles at Brno on 8 February and 8 March 1865. If a precursor is a man who, at an earlier date, makes a discovery which his successor is able to expand into a general principle of universal validity, Mendel had no precursors. There were not wanting breeders who hybridized plants: Joseph Gottlieb Koelreuter, Carl Friedrich von Gaertner, and William Herbert, to mention only the chief names, but what they were studying was not really basic genetics at all. They wanted to know if sterility in a hybrid is the fault of the pollen-parent or the seed-parent, whether either parent could be held responsible for the characters of different specified regions of the plant, or which had prepotency over the characters of the hybrid. The parent races that they chose for their crossing experiments were either different species, or varieties differing in large numbers of characters, and the results which they obtained were chaotic, inconstant, and contradictory, and led to no general principles at all. This was the difference between previous attempts to study heredity, and the Mendelian revolution that resulted in genetics.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF MENTOR POLLINATION FOR BLUEBERRY BREEDING

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1072b-1072
Author(s):  
Timothy F. Wenslaff ◽  
Paul M. Lyrene
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Parent ◽  
Seed Parent ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Multiple Pollen ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Vaccinium Elliottii

Two clones of anthocyanin-deficient (AD) Vaccinium elliottii (2×, homozygous recessive, yy) were used as seed parents in experiments combining normal and AD pollen. AD gives a seedling marker to distinguish the pollen parent. In the first experiment, flowers were pollinated daily for one, two, three or four days. AD and normal V. elliottii pollen were applied on separate days. The last day of each treatment received the opposite genotype from the previous day(s). The first pollination gave as many, or more, seedlings as later applications but the number of seeds per fruit was higher with multiple pollen applications. The second experiment used pollen from normal V. corymbosum (4×) alone or mixed with AD pollen from the 2× clones. Results depended on the seed-parent genotype. There was no difference between treatments in the number of hybrids produced by W81-1, which tends to set fruit even with only one seed per berry. Only mixed pollen yielded hybrids from clone FL83-139, which was never observed to produce berries with only one seed; apparently the mentor AD pollen helps to set the fruit, thereby allowing the rare hybrid seeds to develop.

scholarly journals Genetical and Cytological Studies in Hybrid Roses

1924 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-570
Author(s):  
KATHLEEN B. BLACKBURN ◽  
J. W. HESLOP HARRISON
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Pollen Parent ◽  
Egg Cell ◽  
Generative Nucleus ◽  
Seed Parent ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
The Cross

1. Rosa Sabini and R. Wilsoni are reciprocal crosses between R. pimpinellifolia and some Tomentosa microgene. 2. Rosa pimpinellifolia is a balanced tetraploid, both the egg cell and the generative nucleus possessing 14 chromosomes. 3. The Tomentosa microgenes are unbalanced pentaploids, the microspores, when functional, carrying 7 chromosomes in their nuclei, and the egg cells 28. 4. Reciprocal crosses between R. pimpinellifolia and tomentosa forms should not therefore agree in chromosome complements. With pimpinellifolia as seed parent the cross should have 14 + 7 ( = 21) in its somatic nuclei, and with the same plant as pollen parent the number should be 28 + 14 ( = 42). 5. R. Wilsoni undoubtedly has R. pimpinellifolia as seed parent, yet its chromosome number is 42. 6. It has, therefore, like Primula Kewensis, doubled its original complement. 7. In doing so, again like that hybrid, it has attained fertility.

The development, penetrance, and seed vigour of multi-ovary wheat and its application in hybrid breeding

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialin Guo ◽  
Gaisheng Zhang ◽  
Yulong Song ◽  
Shoucai Ma ◽  
Na Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Germination Ability

Multi-ovary wheat is a unique variety of wheat that has one to three pistils and three stamens, and can stably set one to three grains in each floret. By observing the developmental process of additional pistils, we found that the additional pistil was derived from a protrusion generated at the base of the main pistil, between the frontal stamen and lateral stamen. The additional pistil’s development was greatly delayed compared with the main pistil at an early stage. However, after the awn exposed stage, it developed very rapidly to a mature pistil within the maturity time of the main pistil. Generally, the grains originating from additional pistils were smaller than the grains from the main pistil. By studying the penetrance and germination conditions of multi-ovary wheat, we found that no matter which ovary the grains originated from, they had the same penetrance. However, the germination ability of grains generated from the main pistil was significantly higher than that of grains from additional pistils. Our results showed that multi-ovary wheat was an excellent variety, not only for studying the mechanisms of the multi-ovary trait and floral development in wheat, but also for improving the propagation coefficient and promoting the progress of wheat breeding. This paper lays a theoretical foundation for the practical application of multi-ovary trait in hybrid wheat; our results could be implemented in fostering future breeding activities focussed on the development of high yield wheat cultivars.

scholarly journals Effects of Metaxenia on Stone Cell Formation in Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) Based on Transcriptomic Analysis and Functional Characterization of the Lignin-Related Gene PbC4H2

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Xi Cheng ◽  
Jinyun Zhang ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
Tianzhe Chen ◽  
Guohui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Pollen Parent ◽  
Seed Parent ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Stone Cell ◽  
Lignin Metabolism

The deposition of lignin in flesh parenchyma cells for pear stone cells, and excessive stone cells reduce the taste and quality of the fruit. The effect of metaxenia on the quality of fruit has been heavily studied, but the effect of metaxenia on stone cell formation has not been fully elucidated to date. This study used P. bretschneideri (Chinese white pear) cv. ‘Yali’ (high-stone cell content) and P. pyrifolia (Sand pear) cv. ‘Cuiguan’ (low-stone cell content) as pollination trees to pollinate P. bretschneideri cv. ‘Lianglizaosu’ separately to fill this gap in the literature. The results of quantitative determination, histochemical staining and electron microscopy indicated that the content of stone cells and lignin in YL fruit (‘Yali’ (pollen parent) × ‘Lianglizaosu’ (seed parent)) was significantly higher than that in CL fruit (‘Cuiguan’ (pollen parent) × ‘Lianglizaosu’ (seed parent)). The transcriptome sequencing results that were obtained from the three developmental stages of the two types of hybrid fruits indicated that a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to auxin signal transduction (AUX/IAAs and ARFs), lignin biosynthesis, and lignin metabolism regulation (MYBs, LIMs, and KNOXs) between the CL and YL fruits at the early stage of fruit development. Therefore, metaxenia might change the signal transduction process of auxin in pear fruit, thereby regulating the expression of transcription factors (TFs) related to lignin metabolism, and ultimately affecting lignin deposition and stone cell development. In addition, we performed functional verification of a differentially expressed gene, PbC4H2 (cinnamate 4-hydroxylase). Heterologous expression of PbC4H2 in the c4h mutant not only restored its collapsed cell wall, but also significantly increased the lignin content in the inflorescence stem. The results of our research help to elucidate the metaxenia-mediated regulation of pear stone cell development and clarify the function of PbC4H2 in cell wall development and lignin synthesis, which establishes a foundation for subsequent molecular breeding.

Effects of Low-Temperature Stress on Fertility and Fruiting of Eggplant (Solanum melongena) in a Subtropical Climate

1975 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nothmann ◽  
D. Koller
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Gradual Loss ◽  
Normal Seed

SUMMARYLow-temperature stress in eggplant during the cool season causes gradual loss of pollen fertility and leads to the development of seedless fruit, but female fertility is not similarly affected. The temperature-induced male sterility is transient, and full pollen fertility is regained with normal seed development, as temperature conditions improve.

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