scholarly journals Neuroprotective effect of pterostilbene on ketamine induced schizophrenia in mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (03) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasudha Bakshi ◽  
Devender Palsa ◽  
Nazia Begum ◽  
Jeevan Kommidi ◽  
Kapishwar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Y Maze

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of pterostilbene on the behavior of mice and oxidative stress under the influence of Ketamine induced schizophrenia model. Methods: Schizophrenia was induced in mice by ketamine (50mg/kg/day, i.p, for 14 days). The treatment effect of pterostilbene (10 and 20 mg/kg/day, p.o, for 14 days) were verified on Actophotometer, Y-maze, Forced swim test (FST), open field apparatus, acetylcholinesterase activity and anti oxidant stress-related biomarker (Catalase, GSH, TBARS, SOD) levels in brain tissues. Results: Pterostilbene decreased TBARS, AChE and increased SOD, CAT, GSH levels in mice brain when compared with control group. It also improved spatial recognition memory, decreased mobility time, decreased exploratory behaviour and locomotor activity as evident by improved performance in Y-Maze task, Forced swim test, Open field test and Locomotor activity test. Conclusion: Pterostilbene has a neuroprotective role related atleast in part to an antioxidant mechanism and Anti AChE activity, which could be explored as more effective therapies of schizophrenia and other psychiatric diseases.

Repeated prenatal stress sessions produce changes in exploration and despair detectable at weanling in wistar rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1576-1576
Author(s):  
B. Bernal-Morales ◽  
C.M. Contreras ◽  
J. Cueto-Escobedo ◽  
G. Guillén-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Prenatal Stress ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stress Group ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Effects Of Stress ◽  
Postnatal Stress

IntroductionDuring gestation and maternal behavior, some physiological events can protect the dam and offspring, but explanations for such phenomena are partially unknown. The effects of stress during prenatal development and infancy can be studied in controlled laboratory conditions.ObjectiveTo determine the pre- and postnatal effects of stress on coping strategies in weanling rats subjected to the open field and forced swim tests after their dams are subjected to stress during gestation.MethodRats aged 21 postnatal days (PND) were assigned to either a Control group (n = 36; offspring from intact dams during gestation) or a Prenatal stress group (n = 36; offspring from dams forced to swim during 5 min sessions on gestational days 1, 7, 14, and 19). Both groups were tested in the open field to evaluate locomotor activity and rearing. In another experiment, PND21 intact rats assigned to a Control group (n = 26) or Postnatal stress group (n = 35) were subjected to restraint stress for 6 min prior to the tests and were later evaluated in the forced swim test.ResultsLocomotor activity (p < 0.026) and rearing (p < 0.001) were lower in the Prenatal stress group compared with the Control group. The latency to first immobility was shorter (p < 0.008), and the total immobility time was longer (p < 0.005) in the Postnatal stress group than Control group.ConclusionStress exposure during gestation produces detectable changes during weanling, consisting of reduced exploratory activity and susceptibility to despair.

Profile of a short-acting κ-antagonist, LY2795050, on self-grooming behaviors, forced swim test and locomotor activity: sex comparison in mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112199688
Author(s):  
Eduardo R Butelman ◽  
Caroline Baynard ◽  
Bryan D McElroy ◽  
Thomas E Prisinzano ◽  
Mary Jeanne Kreek
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Short Acting ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Central Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Κ Receptor

Background: Novel short-acting κ(kappa)-opioid receptor selective antagonists are translational tools to examine the impact of the κ-receptor/dynorphin system in assays related to central nervous system dysfunction (e.g., substance use disorders, anhedonia and depression). The effects of such compounds have been compared in males and females under very limited conditions. Aims: The goal of this study was to examine potential sex differences in the effects of a κ-agonist and a short-acting κ-antagonist in an ethologically relevant test of anhedonia, the “splash test” of self-grooming, and also in the forced swim test and in locomotor activity. Methods: We examined the dose-dependence of grooming deficits caused by the κ-agonist U50,488 (0.1–3.2 mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.)) in gonadally intact adult male and female C57BL/6J mice. We then compared the effects of the short-acting κ-antagonist LY2795050 ((3-chloro-4-(4-(((2S)-2-pyridin-3-ylpyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl) phenoxy)benzamide)); 0.032–0.1 mg/kg i.p.) in blocking grooming deficits caused by U50,488 (3.2 mg/kg). The effects of LY2795050 were also studied in the forced swim test (FST). The effects of LY2795050 in blocking the locomotor depressant effects of U50,488 (10 mg/kg) were also studied. Results: U50,488 produced dose-dependent grooming deficits in male and female mice, and LY2795050 prevented these effects. In contrast, LY2795050 decreased immobility in the FST in males at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg, but not in females, up to a dose of 0.32 mg/kg. Also, LY2795050 (0.32 mg/kg) prevented and also reversed the locomotor-depressant effects of U50,488 (10 mg/kg), in males and females. Conclusions: This study further implicates the κ-receptor system in ethologically relevant aspects of anhedonia, and confirms sexual dimorphism in some behavioral effects of novel κ-antagonists.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Additive or Synergistic Effect of Piper nigram and Ocimum sanctum Extracts for their Antidepressant Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Mohana Rao ◽  
Siva B. ◽  
Mahendra U. ◽  
Vinay K. ◽  
A. Narendra Babu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Wide Range

Depression is a state of excessive sensitivity to criticism, fear of rejections, lack of self-interest, loss of pleasure. In the traditional systems of medicine, many plants and formulations have been used to treat depression for thousands of years. In recent times, research on the plants increased globally and so many plants provide the evidence to cure diseases. Ocimum sanctum, popularly known as Tulsi is one of the sacred herbs for Hindus in the Indian subcontinent. It has a versatile role in traditional medicine. The fruits of Piper nigrum are used to make black pepper. This hotly pungent spice is one of the earliest known and most widely used spices in the world today. Wide range of animal tests for antidepressant agents are commonly used. The Forced swim test and Tail suspension test in mice were mostly used. Hence in the present study Forced swim test was used as animal model of depression. In present study immobility time in Forced swim test was significantly decreased by a combination of Piper nigrum fruit extract and Ocimum sanctum extract treated groups compared to control group. The combination of extracts (50 mg/kg each) activity was comparable to standard drug Fluoxetine. Treatment with extracts does not modify the locomotor activity of mice, which indicates that they exert antidepressant effects without modifying significantly locomotor activity. Therefore, the present study confirms the combination of alcoholic extract of Piper nigrum (AEPN) fruit and aqueous extract of Ocimum sanctum (AEOS) possessing additive/synergistic antidepressant activity.

scholarly journals Neonatal treatment with fluoxetine reduces depressive behavior induced by forced swim in adult rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 928-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Mendes-da-Silva ◽  
Sandra Lopes de Souza ◽  
Jairza Maria Barreto-Medeiros ◽  
Sebastião Rogério de Freitas-Silva ◽  
Daniela Eugênia Costa Antunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Depressive Behavior ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Serotonergic Activity ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Neonatal Administration ◽  
The Brain

Serotonin plays a role at the pathophysiology of depression in humans and in experimental models. The present study investigated the depressive behavior and the weigh evolution in adult rats (60 days) treated from the 1st to the 21st postnatal day with fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (10 mg/kg, sc, daily). The depressive behavior was induced by the forced swim test (FST). The animals were submitted to two sessions of FST: 1st session for 15 min and the 2nd session 24h later, for 5 min. During the 2nd session the Latency of the Attempt of Escape (LAE) and Behavioral Immobility (BI) were appraised. The Fluoxetine group when compared to the Control group, showed an increase in LAE and a decrease in BI. The neonatal administration of fluoxetine reduced the depressive behavior in adult rats, possibly by increase in the brain serotonergic activity. This alteration can be associated to process of neuroadaptation.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Antidepressant Activity of Some New 5-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-3-(substituted aryl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazoline Derivatives

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pravin O. Patil ◽  
Sanjay B. Bari
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Antidepressant Agents ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Significant Change

The present study refers to the synthesis of new antidepressant candidates using the indole scaffold. In an attempt to identify potential lead antidepressant agents, a number of indole molecules, incorporating isoxazoline, were synthesized by microwave-assisted synthesis. The antidepressant activity of the synthesized compounds(3a–3n)was evaluated by forced swim test in mice and their locomotor activity was assessed using actophotometry. The present paper showed significant antidepressant activity for all compounds of the series and no significant change in locomotor activity of mice. Compounds3dand3jwere found to be potent molecules of this series, when compared with the reference drugs imipramine and fluoxetine. It clearly demonstrated that replacement of aromatic core by appropriate heterocycles such as pyridine and pyrrole on the 5-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-3-(Phenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazoline(3a)would generate more potent derivatives. Thus, these compounds can serve as potential leads for further antidepressant studies.

scholarly journals Studying the adaptogenic activity of a series of tetrahydropyrido[2,1-b] [1,3,5] thiadiazine derivatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Bibik ◽  
I. A. Nekrasa ◽  
A. V. Demenko ◽  
K. A. Frolov ◽  
V. V. Dotsenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Adaptogenic Activity ◽  
Initial Results

Introduction. In the modern world people are exposed to the influence of adverse psychological and physical factors, escalating in intensity. The search for new pharmacodynamic effects of [1,3,5]-thiadiazine derivatives designated by significant biological activity of these compounds is an essential issue.Aim. To research adaptogenic activity of tetrahydropyrido[2,1-b][1,3,5]thiadiazine derivatives using a modified Porsolt Forced Swim Test.Materials and methods. Four substances from the group of 3-R-8-aryl-6-oxo-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-2H,6Hpyrido[2,1-b][1,3,5]thiadiazine-9-carbonitriles were selected for the research. Rats were divided into a control group, 5 reference groups (amitriptyline, caffeine, thiotriazolin, thiocetam, ginseng) and 4 experimental groups according to the number of the studied original tetrahydropyrido[2,1-b][1,3,5] thiadiazine derivatives.Results. Intragastric injection of substance 2 for 5 days in the modified forced swim test (forced swimming with freight) increased work capacity and endurance of the rats by 103.42% as opposed to the initial results. The detected adaptogenic activity of this tetrahydropyrido[2,1-b][1,3,5]thiadiazine derivative six times exceeds adaptogenic activity of ginseng and seven times that of amitriptyline. The rats in the control group were active for a bit longer time. Ginseng raised the time of activity by 17% at day 5. Caffeine essentially reduced work capacity and endurance. Amitriptyline showed adaptogenic activity at day 3 of the research (increase by 10.4%). Thiotriazolin also showed adaptogenic activity on day 3 of the research (increase by 30.17%). Thiocetam increased the time of activity by 78.55%. Substance 4 had adaptogenic activity too; it increased the time of activity in aversive conditions by 58.25%, which three times exceeds this parameter for ginseng and four times for amitriptyline. 

scholarly journals Effect of Passiflora Edulis Sims onReserpine Induced Fibromyalgia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 2157-2165
Author(s):  
Naveen Sharma ◽  
Ajay Sharma ◽  
Vipin Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Passiflora Edulis Sims

This study was carried out to assess the possible effect of Passiflora edulis Sims on reserpine-induced fibromyalgia with using different animal models and commonly used in the Virginia, southern Illinois, southeast Kansas and India as a folk medicine. Possible effect of extract of the plant was evaluated on reserpine-induced fibromyalgia. For evaluating the effect of this Plant leaves extract, different models were used such as tail flick, radiant heat, hot plate and inclined plane model. Evaluation of anti-depression activity, forced swim test and elevated plus maze (EPM) model were used. Investigations were shown that reserpine-treated animals responded with significantly increased sensitivity of pain in tail flick latency, decreased threshold of paw-withdrawal and immobility time and in Randall test. Whereas Plant leaves extract at different level of doses (e.g. 200 and 400 mg/kg) has shown a significant reduction in time of immobility, withdrawal latency of tail and the significant increase in mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. The Passiflora edulis Sims showed inhibition of algesic condition in all the models which was dose dependent. During forced swim test extract of plant showed the significant reduce immobility time as compared with the control group, also in the plus‐maze method, Plant leaves extract showed increased time spend in open arm. The results were confirmed that the use of the extract of leaves of Passiflora edulis Sims in the traditional management of pain and enhances behavioural activity.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PROTEASE-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS 1 INHIBITION ON DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIOR IN THE LATENT STAGE OF FORMATION OF TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
М. Semenikhina ◽  
◽  
M. Fedoryuk ◽  
R. Bogovik ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protease Activated Receptors ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Latent Stage ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Pilocarpine Model

Here we investigate the effect of pharmacological blockade of protease-activated receptors 1 (PAR1) on depressive-like behavioral impairments following status epilepticus (SE). Behavioral tests were performed during the latent stage of formation of temporal lobe epilepsy two weeks after SE induced using lithium-pilocarpine model. The PAR1 blocker (SCH 79797) was injected for 10 days after SE. The results indicate a partial normalization of depressive-like behavior in the forced swim test: the climbing time was 180 s after PAR1 inhibition, and 87 s after SE). We also observed behavioral normalization after PAR1 inhibition in the sucrose test. PAR1 inhibition led to the normalization of climbing time in the forced swim test, as well as normalized the behavior in the sucrose preference test. At the same time, the swimming time in the forced swim test decreased due to the PAR1 inhibition compared to the control group, while the floating time increased.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effects of Prunus dulcis on mice models of depression

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2126
Author(s):  
Gokullraj Kannan ◽  
Ponnuswamy Kameswaran
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Suspension Test

Background: Prunus dulcis (almond) contains high amounts of Inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) which has proven antidepressant effects. Hence this study was done to evaluate the effects of Prunus dulcis on mice models of depression.Methods: Tails suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) are usually used to assess the antidepressant activity in animal models. They were employed to analyse the effectiveness of Prunus dulcis before and after two weeks of the study period and the results were compared. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 6 mice each.group-1 (Normal control); group-2 was given fluoxetine 10 mg/kg; group- 3 and group- 4 were given 600 mg/kg and 1200 mg/kg of Prunus dulcis extract respectively. All the animals were on standard chow diet the entire duration of the study.Results: Prunus dulcis (almond) is found to be effective in treating depression, by significantly reducing the immobility period on test group 1 in forced swim test (p<0.05) and test group 2 in tail suspension test (p<0.05).Conclusions: The results clearly indicate the beneficial effects Prunus dulcis (almond) on mice models of depression. Further studies are required to prove its effectiveness in humans.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document