Adaptogenic activity of Cinnamomum camphora, Eucalyptus globulus, Lavandula stœchas and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil used in North-African folk medicine

Depressive anxiety is one of the most emotional disorders in our industrial societies. Many treatments of phobias exist and are based on plant extracts therapies, which play an important role in the amelioration of the behavior. Our study aimed to evaluate the adaptogenic activity of different essential oils provided from local plants: Cinnamomum camphora (Camphora), Eucalyptus globulus (Blue gum), Lavandula stœchas (Topped lavender) and Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) on Wistar rats. The adaptogenic activity was evaluated on the elevated plus-maze. The efficacy of the extract (200 mL/kg) was compared with the standard anxiolytic drug Diazepam® 1 mg. Animals administered by the essential oil of Lavandula stœchas, Cinnamomum camphora, Rosmarinus officinalis and Eucalyptus globulus showed a behavior similar to those treated with Diazepam®. For groups treated with the following essential oils: Rosmarinus officinalis, Lavandula stoechas and Cinnamomum camphora at a dose of 200 mL/kg, we notice an increase in the time spent on the open arms of the elevated plus-maze and a decrease in time spent on the closed arms of the elevated plus-maze, especially for Rosmarinus officinalis, which explains the anxiolytic effect of these plants. We also notice a decrease in the number of entries in closed arms, open arms and the number of passing to the central square. The increase in the number of entries to open arms with Eucalyptus globulus essential oil shows a reduction in anxiety behavior in rodents and this shows that these plants have an inhibitory effect.

BATTERY OF TESTS FOR STUDYING THE ADAPTOGENIC EFFECTS OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN PRE-CLINICAL TRIALS

The purpose of the article is to propose to researchers of the problems of adaptation and the study of specific adaptogenic activity standardized approaches to biomedical (preclinical) research of new biologically active substances, ensuring their comparability. The analysis of modern views on adaptation processes, as an increase in nonspecific resistance to adaptive effects, and the properties of known adaptogens is carried out. It has been shown that adaptogenic action can be realized through the involvement of several regulatory pathways, such as changes in the activity of neurons and endocrine response in response to adverse effects, interaction with cell receptors and modulation of their sensitivity to endogenous regulators, changes in the composition of cell membranes, structure of the cytoskeleton, activities of enzyme complexes, epigenomic regulation, antioxidant and antiradical activity. A grouping of methods for the experimental study of adaptogens is proposed on the basis of their compliance with the definition of this pharmacological class and the requirements of evidence-based medicine. The groups of methods aimed at increasing the rate and stability of the formation of a state of increased resistance to adverse influences, reparative-restorative processes, nonspecific resistance, psychoactivating and neuroplastic effects, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects were identified. Specific schemes of adaptive influences and criteria for assessing adaptogenic activity are proposed on the basis of comparing the results obtained with the effects of "reference" adaptogens. The technology of the integrated assessment of the results of the methods, which are different in their informational significance, has been substantiated.

A Brief Review of Swimming Endurance and Chronic Stress Model for Evaluation of Adaptogenic activity

Stress is the disturbed homeostatic condition of the organism, and it is represented by non-specific response of the body to any demand imposed on it. Stress brings various changes in physiological condition of the organism, but various mechanism of the body will counteract to maintain homeostasis. In some situations, body’s adaptation to stress is like reward, which is responsible for improvement of body’s performance beyond its capacity. However if organism suffer strong acute or chronic stress, body is unable to maintain homeostasis. Under this condition, various types of diseases and disorders will develop, and even it may lead to death, if it is not managed at proper time. Hazardous stressful situation can be managed by using antistress agent or adaptogen. These agents improve physical and mental working capacity in severe stress circumstances. In different screening models for evaluation of adoptogenic activity, animals are challenged with acute or chronic stress conditions. Various stimulating, stress protective, tonic responses and biochemical markers were measured in evaluation of adoptogenic activity in these animal models.

Restoring adaptive potential and active longevity using ginseng phytomicrospheres

Medicines with adaptogenic activity, containing ginseng extractive substances as an active ingredient are widely used in pharmacology. Biologically active products obtained using innovative technology using Phytomicrospheres® are relevant in strategies for increasing adaptation, overcoming chronic stress, anti-age. The article presents an analysis of the effectiveness of the use of a plant complex based on the active ingredients of the ginseng plant, using phytomicrosphering technology, which ensures maximum assimilation of all components by the body. Having a high bioavailability, the complex has a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system, improves blood circulation, stimulates the supply of oxygen to brain tissue, prevents premature aging, improves performance and intellectual activity, and improves memory and concentration.

ECDYSTEROIDS IN NATURE AND THEIR PROPERTIES

Ecdysteroids are biologically active substances of natural origin. Their adaptogenic activity, hormone-like and bioregulatory effects used in traditional and folk medicine are known. Sources of raw materials are diverse. Applications depend on the methods of obtaining ecdysteroids and their natural sources.

Studying the adaptogenic activity of a series of tetrahydropyrido[2,1-b] [1,3,5] thiadiazine derivatives

Introduction. In the modern world people are exposed to the influence of adverse psychological and physical factors, escalating in intensity. The search for new pharmacodynamic effects of [1,3,5]-thiadiazine derivatives designated by significant biological activity of these compounds is an essential issue.Aim. To research adaptogenic activity of tetrahydropyrido[2,1-b][1,3,5]thiadiazine derivatives using a modified Porsolt Forced Swim Test.Materials and methods. Four substances from the group of 3-R-8-aryl-6-oxo-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-2H,6Hpyrido[2,1-b][1,3,5]thiadiazine-9-carbonitriles were selected for the research. Rats were divided into a control group, 5 reference groups (amitriptyline, caffeine, thiotriazolin, thiocetam, ginseng) and 4 experimental groups according to the number of the studied original tetrahydropyrido[2,1-b][1,3,5] thiadiazine derivatives.Results. Intragastric injection of substance 2 for 5 days in the modified forced swim test (forced swimming with freight) increased work capacity and endurance of the rats by 103.42% as opposed to the initial results. The detected adaptogenic activity of this tetrahydropyrido[2,1-b][1,3,5]thiadiazine derivative six times exceeds adaptogenic activity of ginseng and seven times that of amitriptyline. The rats in the control group were active for a bit longer time. Ginseng raised the time of activity by 17% at day 5. Caffeine essentially reduced work capacity and endurance. Amitriptyline showed adaptogenic activity at day 3 of the research (increase by 10.4%). Thiotriazolin also showed adaptogenic activity on day 3 of the research (increase by 30.17%). Thiocetam increased the time of activity by 78.55%. Substance 4 had adaptogenic activity too; it increased the time of activity in aversive conditions by 58.25%, which three times exceeds this parameter for ginseng and four times for amitriptyline.

Zastosowanie miodu i roślin leczniczych w chorobach ośrodkowego układu nerwowego

Literature data indicate that honey is characterized by a multidirectional positive influence on the central nervous system. It exerts a sedative effect and makes it easier to fall asleep. Administration of honey brings beneficial effects in the treatment of neuroses, especially neurasthenic neurosis. It contributes to the renewal of the mental strength of the body, and also has a beneficial effect on the weakened nervous system, especially in states of overworking, exhaustion, apathy, dementia and hysteria. Honey proves an adaptogenic activity, namely it increases physical fitness, acts positively on the nervous system; improves mental acuity, mental consociating, ease of learning and memorization, and also are confirmed immunostimulating effects. It is also characterized by beneficial effects in systemic neuroses on sexual background. Honey aided by sedative and adaptogenic herbs has proved to be very useful for treating many diseases of the central nervous system, including in epilepsy and children night urination. The discussion includes activity of some plant materials with a specific therapeutic effect in diseases of the central nervous system, such as: radix of Valerian, herb of Motherwort, Hop cones, herb of St. John’s Wort, inflorescence of Wild Chamomile and the radix of Roseroot.