The degree of frost resistance of generative buds of promising breeding forms of apple trees in the conditions of the foothill zone of the Crimea

2021 ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
Erfan Siranovich Khalilov ◽  
Anatoly Vladimirovich Smykov ◽  
Edem Fakhrievich Chelebiev ◽  
Maxim Konstantinovich Uskov
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
The Crimea

RELATIVE AND ABSOLUTE ELECTROLYTIC CONDUCTANCE TESTS FOR FROST HARDINESS OF APPLE VARIETIES

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 630-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wilner
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Electrolytic Conductance ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Total Conductance ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
Frost Injuries

A laboratory method for testing frost hardiness of apple trees is described. Results demonstrated that diffused electrolytes from pre-hardened twigs provided a reliable means of testing their hardiness. There was a definite association between increased diffusion of electrolytes from hardened tissues and increased injury of twigs. This association was found useful in establishing both the relative degrees of hardiness of three named varieties of apples, Antonovka, McIntosh and Northern Spy, and the absolute values for the ultimate frost resistance of their tissues. Thus, although the total conductance of electrolytes of the three varieties was about the same before the artificial freezing treatments, ranging from 900 to 1000 micromhos, the average survival and the conductance of diffused electrolytes were as follows: hardy Antonovka 71 per cent and 296 micromhos; less hardy McIntosh 53 per cent and 445 micromhos; and least hardy Northern Spy 23 per cent and 611 micromhos. Results also established quantitative values for the ultimate frost hardiness of apple trees, namely: no appreciable injury when the conductance from hardened tissues of twigs was within 200 to 250 micromhos or less. Conductance of electrolytes above 350 to 450 micromhos generally signified total killing; whereas intermediary readings indicated partial injury to twigs.The method used also permitted a study of the effects of several factors considered of vital importance in: (a) developing frost resistance of overwintering plants such as seasonal maturity, cold hardening and dehardening of tissues, and (b) causing excessive frost injuries such as increasing intensities and rates of freezing temperatures. The validity of the used laboratory methods is discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of pretreatment with SADH on the results of chemical defoliation of nursery apple trees and on their frost resistance and growth

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-288
Author(s):  
A. Basak ◽  
L. S. Jankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Leaf Drop

SADH (succLnic acid-2-2-dimethylhydrazide) in the preparation Alar 85 was applied 1-2 months before chemical defoliation of apple trees. SADH rarely promoted leaf drop caused by defoliants and did not improve frost resistance of the trees. These results doesn't show that it can be recomended in the nurseries of Central Poland.

scholarly journals The influence of KJ, CuSO4, and Mg(ClO3)2 on defoliation and subsequent frost resistance and growth of apple trees in nurseries

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Basak ◽  
A. Czynczyk ◽  
L. S. Jankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Frost Injury ◽  
Old Trees

In most cases 2-year-old trees of 3 cultivars responded better to defoliants than 1-year-old ones. Spraying with defoliants on September 25 - 28 was more effective than spraying 10 days earlier. There was also more bark injury in the autumn, and more frost injury on trees defoliated on the ealier date. Mg(ClO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> seemed to be the best defoliant but markedly decreased the frost resistance of McIntosh trees. Defoliants investigated may be applied to limited extent to 2-year-old trees but not to 1-year-old ones.

scholarly journals Changes in the polyphenoloxidase activity in the leaves of Olea europaea during the cold period on the Southern Coast of the Crimea

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
A. E. Paliy
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Olea Europaea L ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Olea Europaéa

Changes in the polyphenoloxidase activity in the leaves of four cultivars and one subspecies of Olea europaea L. were studied during the cold periods of 2016-2019 years on the Southern Coast of the Crimea. Nikitskaya cultivar was used as a model of high frost resistance, while Correggiolo cultivar and the subspecies O. europaea subsp. cuspidata were models of low frost resistance. It was found out that the polyphenoloxidase activity depends on weather conditions during a particular cold period and it almost independent of the degree of frost resistance of the studied genotypes.

scholarly journals Effect of different dosages of organic substrate on the catalase activity and the anthocyanins content in the one-year-old shoots of apple tree

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Julya V. Guryanova ◽  
Viktor D. Khmyrov ◽  
Dmitry V. Guryanov ◽  
Pavel Yu. Khatuntsev ◽  
Taymaskhan H.-H. Aliev
Keyword(s):  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Dormancy Period ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Yield Decrease

Studies were carried out on the catalase and anthocyanins content in the cortex of one-year-old shoots of apple trees using different dosages of introducing an organic substrate at a dose of 10 t/ha; 25 t/ha; 40 t/ha in the fruit garden. Two varieties were used in the experiments: one of the summer term of ripening – Mechta, and one of winter ripening – Bogatyr, which were grafted onto rootstock 54-118. Studies have shown that the use of an organic substrate at a rate of 10 t/ha and 25 t/ha contributed to an increase in frost resistance in both of the studied varieties. Biochemical processes proceeded more smoothly with the addition of 25 t/ha in both of the studied varieties. Respiratory processes proceeded uniformly, as indicated by the activity of catalase; the accumulation and decrease of anthocyanins were observed according to the regularity of the dormancy period of plants. The dose of 40 t/ha contributed to the inhibition of the regular course of biochemical processes in apple trees, which caused reduction of frost resistance of the apple tree. Such plants are subsequently subject to decrease in frost resistance, and as a result – to yield decrease.

scholarly journals Autumn urea application and cold hardiness of apple trees

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Beata Meszka ◽  
Anna Bielenin
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Earlier Application ◽  
Low Temperature Resistance

Effect of autumn urea application on cold hardiness of apple trees was investigated at Experimental Orchard in Dąbrowice on four apple cultivars ('Szampioii'. ´Jonagold´, ´Elstar' and 'Spartan´) of different sensitivity to low temperature injuries. During three-years experiment (2000-2002) no changes in frost resistance of apple trees after urea treatment in the end of October (during leaves fall) were noted. After the earlier application of urea, at middle of October. significantly more damages of annual shoots of cv. ´Jonagold' occurred only in the season 2001. These damages did not influence later growth of apple trees. Spring observations indicated that for all apple's cultivars setting of buds was better on treated with urea than on untreated ones. Electrolyte leakage determinations confirmed the field results that urea did not cause decrease in low temperature resistance of apple trees.

Species of the Agave L. and Yucca L. (Asparagaceae Juss.) for gardening of the Southern Coast of the Crimea

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-147
Author(s):  
E. S. Chichkanova ◽  
A. P. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Ecological Characteristics ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Drought Resistant

The work presents 21 taxa of Agave L. genus (18 species and 3 subspecies) and 15 taxa (12 species, 2 varieties and 1 form) of Yucca L. genus. To select a promising assortment of the succulents for the Southern Coast of the Crimea landscaping, the ecological characteristics of the plants (the exacting attitude towards the soil environment - acidic, neutral, alkaline; the rate of a soil moisture - excessive, sufficient, insufficient; the resistance against gas, dust, wind, heat, salt; the frost resistance - frost-resistant, not enough frost-resistant; the drought resistance - drought-resistant, insufficiently drought-resistant) have been studied. According to the classification of types (species) of garden and park plantings, adopted in landscape design, for each studied taxon, the most optimal options for using in landscaping in the conditions of the Souther Coast are given.

scholarly journals Productivity formation features of Apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) with intermediate insertion of low-growth rootstock EM-IX in the Crime

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
N. A. Babintseva
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Results ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Productivity Potential ◽  
High Level ◽  
Technological Methods

The long-term results of studies on the formation of productivity in apple trees on the medium-sized rootstock MM-106 with an intermediate insert of a low-growth rootstock EM - IX are given. The objects of research are cultivars: Golden Delicious, Jonagold, Kimmeriya, Krymskoe with a planting pattern of 3.5 x 1.25 m and 3.5 x 1.75 m. Trees are formed according to the type of free spindle. As a result of the research, a high potential application of the combined stock (with intercalary insert) in the garden, which provides early fruiting, a rapid increase in yield, high marketability and keeping quality of fruits, is revealed. Domestic intensive gardens on a combined stock can be created in the conditions of the Crimea without any support, which saves material resources for their laying. The formation of trees according to the type of free spindle in the gardens makes it possible to compact the planting of trees in a row by 20-25% and reduce the amount of labor expended on pruning trees and harvesting 1.6 times, depending on the cultivar. Realization of the productivity potential in such gardens is determined by the high level of agricultural technology with the obligatory implementation of technological methods.

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