scholarly journals Effect of pretreatment with SADH on the results of chemical defoliation of nursery apple trees and on their frost resistance and growth

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-288
Author(s):  
A. Basak ◽  
L. S. Jankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Leaf Drop

SADH (succLnic acid-2-2-dimethylhydrazide) in the preparation Alar 85 was applied 1-2 months before chemical defoliation of apple trees. SADH rarely promoted leaf drop caused by defoliants and did not improve frost resistance of the trees. These results doesn't show that it can be recomended in the nurseries of Central Poland.

RELATIVE AND ABSOLUTE ELECTROLYTIC CONDUCTANCE TESTS FOR FROST HARDINESS OF APPLE VARIETIES

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 630-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wilner
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Electrolytic Conductance ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Total Conductance ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
Frost Injuries

A laboratory method for testing frost hardiness of apple trees is described. Results demonstrated that diffused electrolytes from pre-hardened twigs provided a reliable means of testing their hardiness. There was a definite association between increased diffusion of electrolytes from hardened tissues and increased injury of twigs. This association was found useful in establishing both the relative degrees of hardiness of three named varieties of apples, Antonovka, McIntosh and Northern Spy, and the absolute values for the ultimate frost resistance of their tissues. Thus, although the total conductance of electrolytes of the three varieties was about the same before the artificial freezing treatments, ranging from 900 to 1000 micromhos, the average survival and the conductance of diffused electrolytes were as follows: hardy Antonovka 71 per cent and 296 micromhos; less hardy McIntosh 53 per cent and 445 micromhos; and least hardy Northern Spy 23 per cent and 611 micromhos. Results also established quantitative values for the ultimate frost hardiness of apple trees, namely: no appreciable injury when the conductance from hardened tissues of twigs was within 200 to 250 micromhos or less. Conductance of electrolytes above 350 to 450 micromhos generally signified total killing; whereas intermediary readings indicated partial injury to twigs.The method used also permitted a study of the effects of several factors considered of vital importance in: (a) developing frost resistance of overwintering plants such as seasonal maturity, cold hardening and dehardening of tissues, and (b) causing excessive frost injuries such as increasing intensities and rates of freezing temperatures. The validity of the used laboratory methods is discussed.

scholarly journals The influence of KJ, CuSO4, and Mg(ClO3)2 on defoliation and subsequent frost resistance and growth of apple trees in nurseries

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Basak ◽  
A. Czynczyk ◽  
L. S. Jankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Frost Injury ◽  
Old Trees

In most cases 2-year-old trees of 3 cultivars responded better to defoliants than 1-year-old ones. Spraying with defoliants on September 25 - 28 was more effective than spraying 10 days earlier. There was also more bark injury in the autumn, and more frost injury on trees defoliated on the ealier date. Mg(ClO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> seemed to be the best defoliant but markedly decreased the frost resistance of McIntosh trees. Defoliants investigated may be applied to limited extent to 2-year-old trees but not to 1-year-old ones.

The degree of frost resistance of generative buds of promising breeding forms of apple trees in the conditions of the foothill zone of the Crimea

2021 ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
Erfan Siranovich Khalilov ◽  
Anatoly Vladimirovich Smykov ◽  
Edem Fakhrievich Chelebiev ◽  
Maxim Konstantinovich Uskov
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
The Crimea

scholarly journals Effect of different dosages of organic substrate on the catalase activity and the anthocyanins content in the one-year-old shoots of apple tree

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Julya V. Guryanova ◽  
Viktor D. Khmyrov ◽  
Dmitry V. Guryanov ◽  
Pavel Yu. Khatuntsev ◽  
Taymaskhan H.-H. Aliev
Keyword(s):  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Dormancy Period ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Yield Decrease

Studies were carried out on the catalase and anthocyanins content in the cortex of one-year-old shoots of apple trees using different dosages of introducing an organic substrate at a dose of 10 t/ha; 25 t/ha; 40 t/ha in the fruit garden. Two varieties were used in the experiments: one of the summer term of ripening – Mechta, and one of winter ripening – Bogatyr, which were grafted onto rootstock 54-118. Studies have shown that the use of an organic substrate at a rate of 10 t/ha and 25 t/ha contributed to an increase in frost resistance in both of the studied varieties. Biochemical processes proceeded more smoothly with the addition of 25 t/ha in both of the studied varieties. Respiratory processes proceeded uniformly, as indicated by the activity of catalase; the accumulation and decrease of anthocyanins were observed according to the regularity of the dormancy period of plants. The dose of 40 t/ha contributed to the inhibition of the regular course of biochemical processes in apple trees, which caused reduction of frost resistance of the apple tree. Such plants are subsequently subject to decrease in frost resistance, and as a result – to yield decrease.

scholarly journals Autumn urea application and cold hardiness of apple trees

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Beata Meszka ◽  
Anna Bielenin
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Earlier Application ◽  
Low Temperature Resistance

Effect of autumn urea application on cold hardiness of apple trees was investigated at Experimental Orchard in Dąbrowice on four apple cultivars ('Szampioii'. ´Jonagold´, ´Elstar' and 'Spartan´) of different sensitivity to low temperature injuries. During three-years experiment (2000-2002) no changes in frost resistance of apple trees after urea treatment in the end of October (during leaves fall) were noted. After the earlier application of urea, at middle of October. significantly more damages of annual shoots of cv. ´Jonagold' occurred only in the season 2001. These damages did not influence later growth of apple trees. Spring observations indicated that for all apple's cultivars setting of buds was better on treated with urea than on untreated ones. Electrolyte leakage determinations confirmed the field results that urea did not cause decrease in low temperature resistance of apple trees.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Yield and Healthiness of Twenty Table Grapevine Cultivars Grown in Central Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Lisek
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Grape Cultivars

AbstractDuring the years 2008-2013, 20 table grape cultivars grown in Skierniewice (Central Poland) were assessed. Among the assessed cultivars, two - ‘Chasselas Blanc’ (standard) and ‘Favorit’ belonged to V. vinifera. Eighteen interspecific hybrids - ‘Aron’, ‘Esther’ (‘Eszter’), ‘Fanny’, ‘Flora’, ‘Galanth’, ‘Ganita’, ‘Garant’, ‘Katharina’, ‘Lidi’, ‘Lilla’, ‘Muscat Bleu’, ‘Nelly’, ‘Osella’, ‘Philipp’, ‘Rosetta’, ‘Rosina’, ‘Timur’ and ‘Verdelet’ were bred in various European countries. Vines, grafted on ‘Kober 5 BB’ rootstock, were planted in 2007 and annually covered for winter. Taking into account productivity, quality of fruits, susceptibility to frost damage and fungal diseases, the Swiss ‘Muscat Bleu’ and German ‘Garant’ proved most suitable for cultivation in the conditions of Central Poland. Plants of all cultivars belonging to the group of interspecific hybrids were less susceptible to infections caused by fungal pathogens than plants of V. vinifera genotypes. The assessment of frost resistance based on the observation of those parts of bushes, which were not covered, showed high diversification among the interspecific hybrids.

scholarly journals Yield of 'Royal Gala' apple trees in response to pruning before or after leaf drop

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-434
Author(s):  
Gustavo Klamer de Almeida ◽  
João Caetano Fioravanço
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Leaf Drop ◽  
Natural Leaf ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Fruit Mass

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate different pruning times, performed before or after natural leaf drop, regarding their effects on the yield of 'Royal Gala' apple (Malus domestica) trees. The experiment was carried out in Vacaria, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, on seven-year-old trees in four harvests from 2008/2009 to 2011/2012, using a randomized block design. The following pruning times were tested: 46 days before leaf drop (DBLD); 25 DBLD; 5 DBLD; 15 days after leaf drop (DALD); 36 DALD; 55 DALD; and 75 DALD. All pruning times before natural leaf drop reduced yield per tree and fruit set. Among the pruning times before leaf drop, 46 DBLD resulted in the lowest yield. Pruning performed after natural leaf drop, still during dormancy, resulted in a higher yield per tree, in comparison with pruning times before leaf drop. The effect of pruning times on average fruit mass, pulp firmness, content of soluble solids, titratable acidity, and soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio differed between harvest years. Pruning performed at different times, before natural leaf drop, causes yield reduction in 'Royal Gala' apple trees, and the pruning time at 46 DBLD results in the lowest yield.

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