Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of compression garments in the treatment of patients with chronic lower limb vein diseases

Aim. To evaluate clinical efficacy, safety and compliance level of outpatient application of “TONUS ELAST” compression garments in patients with chronic diseases of lower limbs of C3-C4 clinical classes according to CEAP.Material and methods. Continuous compression therapy during 6 months with the use of “TONUS ELAST” garments was received by 34 patients (12 men and 22 women) with chronic diseases of the lower limbs of C3-C4 clinical classes. The average age was 67 ± 3.2 years. There were 26 (76%) patients with varicosity and 8 (24%) patients with postthrombophlebitic stage of different recanalization. Anamnesis duration was 16 ± 3.9 years. Dynamic analysis of subjective and objective clinical symptomatology, results of legometry, volumetry and ultrasound examination with registration of blood flow rate in the femoral vein according to the developed protocol was carried out.Results of the study. Clinical observation in the dynamics of the study and instrumental methods of examination confirm the significant clinical efficacy of “TONUS ELAST” garments of the 2nd class of compression as a means of conservative treatment of chronic diseases of C3-C4 clinical classes. Positive dynamics of subjective symptomatology with the achievement of the most successful result in the management of convulsive (96.6%) and painful (93.8%) syndromes was revealed. Reduction of the shin circumference was recorded in 100% of observations on the left lower limb and in 96,7% on the right one. Statistically significant positive dynamics of volumetric parameters was achieved after 3 months of compression therapy. The tendency to acceleration of blood flow in the femoral vein in 71,4% of observations was revealed. Laboratory analysis of hemostasiological parameters demonstrated compensatory normocoagulation. Absence of cases of individual intolerance and adverse effects of compression products indicates their safety. A high level of adherence of patients to the therapy is registered. Doctors and patients gave a positive subjective assessment of the effectiveness and consumer properties of the studied product.Conclusion. Compression garment “TONUS ELAST” of the 2nd class of compression can be recommended as a safe, effective and comfortable means of outpatient therapy and prevention of chronic diseases of lower limbs veins.

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Peculiarities of the reaction of the lower limbs venous blood flow to the orthostatic test in men with arterial hypertension

Medical Council ◽

10.21518/2079-701x-2019-5-86-89 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 86-89

Author(s):

T. F. Vagapov ◽

V. M. Baev ◽

S. V. Letyagina

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Femoral Vein ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Test Group ◽

Blood Flow Rate ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Control Group ◽

Venous Blood Flow

A comparative analysis of the dynamics of lower limb vein angioscopy parameters in case of orthostasis between male patients (age 30–50 years) with arterial hypertension (test group – 60 people) and normal arterial pressure (control group – 27 people) was made. Orthostatic sample in all examined patients was characterized by a reliable increase in the diameter and area of vein section at a decrease in blood flow rate. However, in patients with hypertension the increase in the area of vein section was significantly less than in the control group. In orthostasis, the drop in blood flow rate in the total femoral vein was lower in men with hypertension than in men in the control group. In the great saphenous vein, a larger decrease in blood flow velocity was recorded than in the control group. In hypertension, no increase in the number of refluxes was recorded in orthostasis. Thus, hypertension in men is characterized by altered reaction of venous blood flow to orthostasis in both deep and saphenous veins.

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Effects of vacuum-compression therapy on blood flow in lower limbs

International Journal of Rehabilitation Research ◽

10.1097/00004356-198909000-00011 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 320-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. V. S. Rithalia ◽

M. Gonsalkorale ◽

J. Edwards

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Compression Therapy ◽

Lower Limbs

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Lower Limb Sports Compression Garments Improve Muscle Blood Flow and Exercise Performance During Repeated-Sprint Cycling

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2017-0638 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 882-890 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

James R. Broatch ◽

David J. Bishop ◽

Shona Halson

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Base Excess ◽

Vastus Lateralis ◽

Cycling Performance ◽

Compression Garments ◽

Repeated Sprint ◽

The Right ◽

Limb Compression

Purpose: Evidence supporting the use of lower-limb compression garments during repeated-sprint exercise (RSE) with short rest periods, where performance will rely heavily on aerobic metabolism, is lacking. Methods: A total of 20 recreationally active participants completed 2 cycling RSE sessions, with and without lower-limb compression tights. The RSE session consisted of 4 sets of 10 × 6-s maximal sprints on a wind-braked cycle ergometer, interspaced by 24 s of recovery between bouts and 2 min of recovery between sets. Muscle oxygen consumption () of, and blood flow (mBF) to, the right vastus lateralis muscle was measured during exercise using near-infrared spectroscopy and venous/arterial occlusions of the right lower limb. Cycling performance, oxygen consumption (), heart rate, and capillary blood samples (lactate, pH, bicarbonate, and base excess) were also measured/taken throughout the session. Results: Compared with control, peak power (40.7 [19.9] W; mean ± 95% confidence intervals) and mBF (0.101 [0.061] mL·min−1·100 g−1) were higher, and heart rate (2 [1] beats/min) was lower, when participants wore compression (P < .05). , , blood lactate, and heart rate increased as a result of exercise (P < .05), with no differences between conditions. Similarly, blood pH, bicarbonate, and base excess decreased as a result of exercise (P < .05), with no difference between conditions. Conclusions: Wearing lower-limb compression tights during RSE with short intervals of rest improved cycling performance, vastus lateralis mBF, and heart rate. These results provide novel data to support the notion that lower-limb compression garments aid RSE performance, which may be related to local and/or central blood flow.

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Effects of Whole-Body Vibration-Assisted Training on Lower Limb Blood Flow in Children With Myelomeningocele

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.3389/fbioe.2021.601747 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Andrzej Szopa ◽

Małgorzata Domagalska-Szopa ◽

Andrzej Siwiec ◽

Ilona Kwiecień-Czerwieniec

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Whole Body Vibration ◽

Rehabilitation Program ◽

Functional Mobility ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Whole Body ◽

Body Vibration ◽

Tibial Arteries

This study investigated the effectiveness of whole-body vibration (WBV) training incorporated into a conventional physiotherapy (PT) program (WBV-assisted training) in improving blood flow in the lower limbs and range of motion in the lower limb joints of children with myelomeningocele (MMC). A total of 31 children with MMC (7–15 years old) underwent a 6 weeks treatment program consisting of 2 weeks of conventional PT followed by 4 weeks of WBV-assisted training. The assessment comprised two parts: evaluation of lower limb joint range of motion and Doppler ultrasonography of the superficial femoral, popliteal, and anterior tibial arteries and was performed three times for each of the participants (at baseline, after 10 sessions of PT but before WBV-assisted training, and after 20 sessions of WBV-assisted training). Our results showed that WBV-assisted training significantly improved lower limb circulation in patients with MMC, increasing velocity and reducing resistivity in all tested arteries. Moreover, WBV-assisted training alleviated lower-extremity contractures, especially of the knee. Thus, WBV-assisted training is effective as an adjunctive rehabilitation program for improving functional mobility in children with MMC.

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Use of compression therapy to treat lower limb wounds across Europe: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. e039008

Author(s):

Ray Samuriwo ◽

Natalia Christiansen ◽

Alison Hopkins

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Wound Care ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Population Level ◽

Compression Therapy ◽

English Summary ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Scoping Reviews

IntroductionPoor lower wound care is an avoidable patient harm. Compression therapy is an effective way of treating non-ischaemic lower limbs wounds, but it is not always used appropriately. There are many guidelines which set out how compression therapy should be used, but there is dearth of evidence about how it is actually used at a population level across Europe.AimThe aim of this scoping review is to map the evidence published in English relating to the use of compression therapy to treat lower limb wounds across Europe.MethodsThis scoping review will be conducted in line with the Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Protocols and Scoping Reviews guidance. A search for relevant publications will be conducted on variety of databases and key websites in order to identify a comprehensive range of relevant literature. Peer reviewed empirical papers, theoretical papers and other publications in English relating to the use of compression therapy across Europe will be considered for inclusion.Ethics and disseminationEthical and research governance for this scoping review is not required because we will only gather secondary data. Our results will be disseminated to the widest possible audience through an open access paper in a peer reviewed international journal, conference presentations and a plain English summary. The results of this scoping review will be used by a panel of Key Opinion Leaders from across Europe to develop a driver diagram to underpin subsequent lower limb wound care improvement efforts.

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Flat knit hosiery and compression wraps: managing lower limb lymphoedema

Journal of Prescribing Practice ◽

10.12968/jprp.2019.1.sup11.s8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (Sup11) ◽

pp. S8-S14

Author(s):

Annemarie Brown

Keyword(s):

Health Professionals ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Self Care ◽

Compression Therapy ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Adherence To Treatment ◽

Different Types ◽

The Difference

This article will give an overview of the causes and different types of lymphoedema of the lower limbs, together with the options available to manage the condition. Compression therapy is one of the main treatments for managing lymphoedema and the difference between circular knit and flat knit hosiery will be explained. More recently, compression wraps have been introduced as an alternative to hosiery and these may encourage patients to self-care for their condition and increase adherence to treatment. The need for a good skin regime in order to prevent cellulitis will be discussed, together with some useful resources, which will assist health professionals in caring for patients with lymphoedema.

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Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Training on Lower Limb Blood Flow in Children with Myelomeningocele—A Randomized Trial

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10184273 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (18) ◽

pp. 4273

Author(s):

Małgorzata Domagalska-Szopa ◽

Andrzej Szopa ◽

Andrzej Siwiec ◽

Ilona Kwiecień-Czerwieniec ◽

Lutz Schreiber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Whole Body Vibration ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Whole Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Body Vibration ◽

Conventional Physiotherapy ◽

Whole Body Vibration Training ◽

The Impact

The objective of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of a three-week Whole-Body Vibration (WBV) training on the vascular blood flow of the lower limbs in children with myelomeningocele. The secondary goal was to evaluate the effect of WBV on the ROM of lower limb joints in this population. A total of 30 children with MMC (7–16 years old) were enrolled in the study. Children were randomly allocated to two groups of equal numbers, using an envelope code. The experimental group underwent a 3-week WBV training, while the control group received a 3-week conventional physiotherapy (PT) program. The examination consisted of two parts: (1) Doppler USG examination of the lower limb vascular blood flow; (2) evaluation of ROM. The results obtained revealed three main findings. First, WBV training effectively improved blood flow by increasing flow velocities in all tested arteries, while the impact of the PT program was limited to a single parameter. Second, WBV training effectively improved vascular resistance in arteries of the lower legs, while the PT program did not achieve any significant differences. Third, both types of treatment intervention significantly improved ROM in all joints of the lower limbs in MMC participants.

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Treating chronic oedema of the lower limb using circular knit garments: how garment characteristics affect outcomes

British Journal of Community Nursing ◽

10.12968/bjcn.2021.26.sup10.s22 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (Sup10) ◽

pp. S22-S28

Author(s):

Natalie Phillips ◽

Sue Lawrance ◽

Jeanne Everett

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Treatment Outcomes ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

Compression Therapy ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Improve Treatment ◽

Limited Experience

The use of compression therapy to treat chronic oedema of the lower limbs can be a challenge, especially when this is undertaken by clinicians who have limited experience and knowledge of the theoretical principles which underpin its use in clinical practice. This articles aims to discuss the reasoning which underpins the use of compression hosiery in the management of lymphoedema and how this understanding can improve treatment outcomes and reduce the burden of disease on patients and clinical resources.

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Variations in Lower Limb Deep Venous Anatomy in Latvia

Acta Chirurgica Latviensis ◽

10.2478/chilat-2013-0010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 51-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dainis Krievins ◽

Regina Zarina R ◽

Janis Savlovskis ◽

Polina Dombure

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Analysis ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Femoral Vein ◽

Iliac Vein ◽

Venous System ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Anatomic Variations ◽

Deep Venous System ◽

Data Comparison ◽

Parametric Data

Summary Introduction. During the last several decades there have been many new methods introduced for the treatment of lower limb chronic venous insufficiency (laser, foam, subendothelial and thermal coagulation methods). Venous system of lower limbs often presents anatomic variations including venous duplications. Knowledge of venous system variations in the lower limb area is of particular importance due to correct interpretation of imaging in relation to deep vein thrombosis (DVT). There was only a small number of studies published on anatomic variations of venous system in the lower limbs. To the best of our knowledge there have been no previous studies on anatomic variations of lower limb deep venous system performed in Latvia. Aim of the study. To retrospectively review of 216 patients (432 lower limbs) phlebograms in order to establish deep venous system anatomic variations in Latvian population and compare our results to other publications. Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of 432 lower limb phlebograms performed at Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital (Riga, Latvia) of 216 patients treated in different ortopedic centers of Latvia during 2009 and 2012. Assessment made using DICOM Synedra view personal software. Study protocol was developed for definition of veins and assessment of phlebogram images in accordance with anatomic definitions used in previous studies. Two independent radiologists assessed data. Visualised duplications in the deep venous system of both lower limbs in patients were registered (common iliac vein, external iliac vein, common femoral vein, femoral vein, deep femoral vein, popliteal vein). Blood vessels have been listed as single, double or triple / complex. The presence of DVT was recorded upon assessment of phlebograms. Statistical analysis performed using SPSS 20.0 software (IBM). Parametric data comparison performed using Student t-test and ANOVA. Non-parametric data comparison performed using chi-square and Mann Whitney tests. Data comparison type was assessed using Kolmogorova-Smirnovs test. The results are presented as the average ± standard deviation. Results. Retrospective analysis of 432 lower limb phlebograms was performed in 216 patients. Average age of the patients was 34.4 years (range 19-90). 101 patients were female (47%) and 115 (53%) were male with no statistical venous variation differences found between two genders, which is explained by both age and gender (p > 0.05). Analysis of calf vein, popliteal vein and femoral venous variations provided a strong correlation between larger number of duplications in one limb and possibility of such variations in the other limb of the same patient (all p < 0.001). Conclusion. We conclude that there are frequent anatomic variations in SFV and popliteal veins seen in Latvian population. All patients included in this study had high DVT risk, much higher than in the average Latvian population. In almost every sixth Latvian person there is some form of deep veins hypoplasia found.

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