scholarly journals Molecular characterization of contagious ecthyma virus (CEV) isolated from goat and cross-protection studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (06) ◽  
pp. 6401-2020
Author(s):  
VELI GULYAZ ◽  
MUSTAFA HASOKSUZ ◽  
METING BULUT ◽  
FAHRIYE SARAÇ
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Field Isolate ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Contagious Ecthyma ◽  
B2l Gene ◽  
Species Specific

Contagious ecthyma (CE) is a zoonotic viral infection caused by the Parapoxvirus in sheep and goats which is classified in the family of Poxviridae. In this study, the Penorf CE vaccine strain that originated from lambs (PKCE1 strain) and three CE strains (O-CEV1, O-CEV2, O-CEV3) originated from kids were used for molecular characterization and cross-protection studies. A phylogenetic similarity has been investigated by comparing the B2L gene of CE viruses originated from kids and lambs. It was observed that the isolates O-CEV1 and O-CEV2 had a similar DNA sequence (100%) whereas the other isolate, O-CEV3 had a different DNA sequence from the others, and the proportion of the difference between them was 2.6% as stated in the similarity index. The phylogenic evaluation revealed that CE viruses were not species specific and have different genotypes in lambs and kids in Turkey. Penorf vaccine strain which is still known as lamb origin was found to be also kid origin. In the pathogenity studies in kids and lambs, there was no rise in the body temperatures of lambs and kids and hyperemia, vesicles and pustules occurred in the scarified skin regions from the second day of the epruvation. In addition to these findings, it was determined that the healing in lesions occurred after the scabs fell off beginning from the 38th to 55th days of the study. At the end of the this study, the presence of CE strains with different pathogenicity properties was revealed. In goats vaccinated with Penorf vaccine, protection to O-CEV3 field isolate has been observed, but not obtained protection to PK-CK1 strain. As a result, the phylogenic evaluation revealed that CE viruses were not species specific and have different genotypes in lambs and kids in Turkey. The Penorf vaccine strain, which is still known to be of lamb origin, was found to be of kid origin and it was not seen to protect lambs against CE disease due to the genomic differences. Therefore, it was concluded from this data that at least a bivalent CE vaccine containing lamb and kid isolates should be prepared and used for effective immunity against CE infection, especially in lambs and kids.

Molecular Characterization of Five Medicinally Important Species of Typhonium (Araceae) through Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 600-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmikanta Acharya ◽  
Arup Kumar Mukherjee ◽  
Pratap Chandra Panda ◽  
Premananda Das
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
The Other ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Maximum Similarity

The interrelationship of five medicinally important species of Typhonium (Araceae) including T. venosum, which was previously placed under the genus Sauromatum, was inferred by analysis of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). DNA from pooled leaf samples was isolated and RAPD analysis was performed using 20 decamer oligonucleotide primers. Out of a total of 245 bands amplified, 12 were found to be monomorphic while 233 bands were polymorphic including 86 species-specific bands. The genetic similarities were analyzed from the dendrogram constructed by the pooled RAPD data using a similarity index. The dendrogram showed two distinct clades, one containing T. roxburghii, T. trilobatum and T. venosum and the other containing the remainder two species, i.e. T. diversifolium and T. flagelliforme. Both the clusters shared a common node approx. at 23.7% level of similarity. The maximum similarity of 31.2% was observed between T. venosum and T. trilobatum. In view of its close genetic similarity with other members of Typhonium, transfer of Sauromatum venosum to the genus Typhonium and merger of the two genera was supported.

A species-specific satellite DNA from the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis indicus

Genome ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Abadon ◽  
Eric Grenier ◽  
Christian Laumond ◽  
Pierre Abad
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Repeated Sequence ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Species Specific

An AluI satellite DNA family has been cloned from the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis indicus. This repeated sequence appears to be an unusually abundant satellite DNA, since it constitutes about 45% of the H. indicus genome. The consensus sequence is 174 nucleotides long and has an A + T content of 56%, with the presence of direct and inverted repeat clusters. DNA sequence data reveal that monomers are quite homogeneous. Such homogeneity suggests that some mechanism is acting to maintain the homogeneity of this satellite DNA, despite its abundance, or that this repeated sequence could have appeared recently in the genome of H. indicus. Hybridization analysis of genomic DNAs from different Heterorhabditis species shows that this satellite DNA sequence is specific to the H. indicus genome. Considering the species specificity and the high copy number of this AluI satellite DNA sequence, it could provide a rapid and powerful tool for identifying H. indicus strains.Key words: AluI repeated DNA, tandem repeats, species-specific sequence, nucleotide sequence analysis.

What's hot and what's not: defining torpor in free-ranging birds and mammals

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1885-1890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert MR Barclay ◽  
Cori L Lausen ◽  
Lydia Hollis
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Temperature Thresholds ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Lowered Body

With the development of small implantable data loggers and externally attached temperature-sensitive radio transmitters, increasing attention is being paid to determining the thermoregulatory strategies of free-ranging birds and mammals. One of the constraints of such studies is that without a direct measure of metabolic rate, it is difficult to determine the significance of lowered body temperatures. We surveyed the literature and found that many different definitions have been used to discriminate torpor from normothermy. Many studies use arbitrary temperature thresholds without regard for the normothermic body temperature of the individuals or species involved. This variation makes comparison among studies difficult and means that ecologically and energetically significant small reductions in body temperature may be overlooked. We suggest that normothermic body temperature for each individual animal should be determined and that torpor be defined as occurring when the body temperature drops below that level. When individuals' active temperatures are not available, a species-specific value should be used. Of greater value, however, are the depth and duration of torpor bouts. We suggest several advantages of this definition over those used in the past.

Number of Neoblasts in the Intact Body of Euplanaria torva and Dendrocoelum lacteum

Development ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Agnes Brøndsted ◽  
H. V. Brøndsted
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Characteristic Variation ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Regeneration Blastema

The regeneration, blastema in planarians is constituted by the totipotent neoblasts which migrate to the wound (Dubois, 1949). The rate of regeneration, measured by appearance of eyes in the blastema, shows a characteristic variation throughout the planarian body, thus constituting a static, time-graded regeneration field (Brøndsted, 1946). We do not know the mechanism underlying this species-specific feature. Neither do we know why some species, e.g. Dendrocoelum lacteum, are able to regenerate a head only from the part of the body lying anteriorly to the pharynx, whereas other species, e.g. Euplanaria torva, can regenerate a head from almost every part of the body. A possible explanation might be the number of available neoblasts. This idea was formulated by Curtis & Schulze (1934). They claim that in Procotyla fluviatilis, a species closely related to D. lacteum, the inability to regenerate a head from parts behind the pharynx is due to scarcity of neoblasts, as compared with species with greater regeneration ability.

Description of the immature stages of the Neotropical whirligig beetle Gyrinus (Neogyrinus) rozei Ochs, 1953 (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae) and first report of the parasitoid wasp Melanosmicra sp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) on a Gyrinus species

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4732 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-116
Author(s):  
DANIARA COLPANI ◽  
CÉSAR JOÃO BENETTI ◽  
NEUSA HAMADA ◽  
VANDERLY ANDRADE-SOUZA ◽  
KARINE SCHOENINGER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Body ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Gene Coi ◽  
Northern Brazil

In most species of Gyrinidae, the immature stages are unknown, especially due to the difficulty in collecting the juveniles and assigning them to a particular species. Molecular association is a feasible technique that may solve this problem. Recent studies have used DNA sequence data, specifically the gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), to associate immature and adult stages, thus enabling the description of the former. The objectives of this study were (1) to describe and illustrate the immature stages of Gyrinus (Neogyrinus) rozei Ochs, 1953 including morphometric, chaetotaxic and bionomic information, and (2) to assess the usefulness of the gene COI to associate immatures and adults of Gyrinus. The studied specimens were collected in Roraima state, northern Brazil. The association of immature and adult stages was done either by rearing adults under laboratory conditions or by using DNA sequence data (COI). Eggs were described based on scanning electron microscopy; they are distinguished mainly by several features of chorion, micropyle and reticulation. Larvae of G. (N.) rozei can be distinguished from those of other Neotropical Gyrinidae by a combination of several characters, including the stipes with five robust hook-like additional setae on the dorsointernal margin, and the lacinia roughly hook-shaped. The pupa is similar to that of G. argentinus Steinhel, 1869, except for the number of setae on the body. The first record of the parasitoid wasp Melanosmicra sp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) on a Gyrinus species is also provided. 

Species-specific patterns of the use of burrows of Upogebia Leach, 1814 (Decapoda: Gebiidea: Upogebiidae) by the symbiotic alpheid shrimps Stenalpheops anacanthus Miya, 1997 and Athanas japonicus Kubo, 1936 (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae) as revealed by laboratory quantification

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Henmi ◽  
Gyo Itani
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
The Body ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Burrow Use ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Many alpheid shrimps live symbiotically on the body surface or inside the bodies of other invertebrates, while others use burrows made by other animals. The burrow symbiosis of alpheid shrimps is poorly studied in the context of ecology, probably because the cryptic infaunal nature of the relationship is hard to observe. The limited knowledge of the pattern of burrow use by alpheid shrimps leaves a gap in our understanding of their evolutionary history. We described and compared the behavior of Stenalpheops anacanthus  Miya, 1997 and Athanas japonicus  Kubo, 1936, two alpheid species living symbiotically in the burrows of the same host, Upogebia yokoyai  Makarov, 1938. We found that both alpheid species used U. yokoyai burrows in aquaria, but their burrow use patterns were quite different. The average time taken for S. anacanthus to enter the burrow for the first time was much shorter (1 min) than that of A. japonicus (13 min). Subsequently, S. anacanthus made longer use of the burrow (80% of the observation period) than A. japonicus (49%). The tail-first exit frequency, which may indicate a sudden expulsion from the burrow by the host, was more frequent in A. japonicus (25%) than in S. anacanthus (7%). Such differences could be attributed to the nature of the symbiotic relationship, obligate in S. anacanthus but facultative in A. japonicus. Because of the diversity of symbiotic lifestyles, there is considerable potential to study the ecology and evolutionary biology of burrow-symbiotic alpheids further.

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