Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) Control Activities in Kano State, North West Nigeria: Progress so Far

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Musa K. Bawa
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
North West ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb

scholarly journals Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Associated Factors in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom ◽  
Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin ◽  
Hailay Gebreyesus
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Previous Exposure ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Antituberculosis Treatment ◽  
Mdr Tb

Background. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has continued to be a challenge for tuberculosis (TB) control globally. Ethiopia is one of the countries with high MDR-TB burden. Objective. The main purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of MDR-TB and associated factors in Ethiopia. Methods. A systematic review of the literatures on prevalence of MDR-TB and associated factors was conducted in the country. Results. In our electronic search, 546 citations were depicted. Among the total 546 citations described, a total of 22 articles met eligibility criteria and were included in the review article. According to our review, the prevalence of MDR-TB ranged from 0 to 46.3%. The average mean rate of MDR-TB in Ethiopia was found to be 12.6±15.9%. The overall prevalence of MDR-TB in all TB cases was estimated to be 1.4%. From a total of 3849 patients studied, 527 had MDR-TB. Previous exposure to antituberculosis treatment was the most commonly identified risk factor of MDR-TB in Ethiopia. Conclusion. Despite relative decline in incidence of MDR-TB, the distribution and prevalence of MDR-TB continued to be a serious challenge for TB control in Ethiopia. Previous exposure to antituberculosis treatment was also the most common risk factor for MDR-TB. Therefore, strong TB and MDR-TB treatment along with tight introduction of follow-up strategies should be applied for better TB control.

Health System and Policy Perspectives of Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) Control in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Janmejaya Samal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
The Right

Despite the lack of reliable information on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) epidemiology, research shows an increasing trend of MDR-TB incidence in India. Of several determinants attributable to the rising trend of MDR-TB, health systems and policy (HSP) determinants play a pivotal role. With this article, an attempt has been made to unravel the HSP challenges for the control of MDR-TB and recommend strategies to overcome that. Ten different strategies have been recommended in this article that includes operations research (OR), molecular epidemiological studies, drug susceptibility test (DST), surveillance system, advocacy communication and social mobilisation (ACSM), nutrition and livelihood support, contribution of private practitioners (PPs), human resources for health (HRH), social determinants of health and information systems. Methods of OR with the right technical expertise can help in decision-making and evaluation of the TB control programme. Molecular epidemiological studies further help identify the right strain and can help in institutionalising the right therapeutic regimen. Similarly, the DST allows extended treatment strategies, including second-line drugs. A proper surveillance system can enable the availability of the right information for public health decision-making. Communication enables and empowers the community in accessing health services and helps policymakers take informed decisions. Nutrition and livelihood support are essential in TB control as it mostly affects the poor and people in the productive age group. Further, tapping PPs is equally important as more than 50 per cent of TB patients visit them. Proper orientation of the PPs about the TB control programme is non-negotiable given these facts. The HRH issues are pertinent—staff members lack the required motivation owing to delay in payment of salaries and the lack of job promotion. The HRH form the backbone of any health system, as the mere presence of drugs, technologies and infrastructure do not suffice for the provision of healthcare. Attention on the neglected social determinants of health is required as well. Finally, all these suggestions need to be implemented in coordination with each other to bring down the scourge of MDR-TB in India.

scholarly journals Retrospective analysis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis case notifications in Australia (1999–2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik S Camphor ◽  
Kerri Viney ◽  
Ben Polkinghorne ◽  
Kate Pennington
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Notification Rate ◽  
Tuberculosis Case ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb

This study describes the epidemiology and treatment outcomes of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) cases notified in Australia between 1999 and 2018, and investigates whether current data fields in the national tuberculosis (TB) dataset allow description and measurement of surveillance information pertaining to the diagnosis and clinical management of MDR-TB. In May 2019, de-identified demographic, clinical, laboratory, drug susceptibility, treatment, risk factor and outcome data for all MDR-TB case notifications were extracted from the Australian National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System. The dataset included ten treatment outcome categories, which were aggregated to four categorical outcomes for descriptive and inferential analyses. The majority of cases were overseas-born (91%). Absolute case numbers increased over time; however, the MDR-TB notification rate remained fairly stable during the study period. Treatment success was achieved in nearly two-thirds of cases (62.1%). Whilst timeframes between initial presentation, specimen collection, case notification and treatment commencement were calculated, current data fields in the national dataset precluded measurement and description of other parameters deemed important for MDR-TB surveillance. This study demonstrates that while Australia’s MDR-TB burden is low, cases will continue to occur until TB control improves in countries with which Australia shares cultural and migration links. Australia should continue to support national and regional TB control programmes to sustain progress towards national elimination of TB. This study’s findings support a review of data fields in the national TB dataset with potential expansion or adjustment to improve national data reporting, including the monitoring of evidence-based recommendations for the prevention and management of MDR-TB.

scholarly journals Trends in burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in countries, regions, and worldwide from 1990 to 2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zejin Ou ◽  
Danfeng Yu ◽  
Yuanhao Liang ◽  
Wenqiao He ◽  
Yongzhi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Increasing Trends

Abstract Background Antituberculosis-drug resistance is an important public health issue worldwide, and its epidemiological patterns has dramatically changed in recent decades. This study aimed to estimate the trends of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), which can provide an important reference to the strategies for TB control.Methods Data were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to quantify the trends of MDR-TB burden at global, regional, and national level from 1990 to 2017.Results Globally, the age-standardized rate (ASR)of MDR-TB burden including incidence, prevalence, death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) had pronounced increasing trends from 1990 to 1999, with the respective EAPCs were 17.63(95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.77 to 24.92), 17.57(95%CI: 11.51 to 23.95), 21.21(95%CI:15.96 to 26.69), and 21.90(95%CI: 16.55 to 27.50). Particularly, the largest increasing trends were seen in areas and countries with low and low-middle sociodemographic index (SDI). However, the trends in incidence, prevalence, death and DALYs of MDR-TB decreased globally from 2000 to 2017, with the respective EAPCs were −1.37(95%CI: −1.62 to −1.12), −1.32(95%CI: −1.38 to −1.26), −3.30(95%CI: −3.56 to −3.04) and −3.32(95%CI: −3.59 to −3.06). Decreasing trends of MDR-TB were observed in most regions and countries, particularly that of death and DALYs in Slovenia were −18.96(95%CI: −20.82 to −17.06) and −19.35 (95%CI: −21.10 to −17.55), respectively. Whereas increasing trends of MDR-TB occurred in Papua New Guinea, Singapore, and Australia.Conclusions The trends of MDR-TB pronouncedly decreased worldwide from 2000 to 2017. However, the MDR-TB burden remains a substantial challenge to the TB control globally, and requires effective control strategies and healthcare systems.

scholarly journals A case control study for factors of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis in East Sikkim, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
F A Zaman ◽  
V K Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
History Of ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem in the developing world and India is the highest TB burden country in the world in terms of absolute number of incident cases that occur each year. The emergence of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR TB) is posing threat to global efforts of TB control. The hilly state of Sikkim has the highest proportion of MDR TB cases in India. Hence there is an emerging need to identify the factors for the rapid rise of MDR TB in Sikkim. Methods All the MDR TB cases registered under Revised National TB Control Programme in East district of Sikkim in the first & second quarter of 2019 was compared with double the number of matched controls taken from the same geographical area and ethnicity but not from the same family members. Results A total of 78 cases and 156 controls were studied. The mean age of the study participants was 43 years (SD ± 14 years). The most statistically significant risk factors were as follows: overcrowding (OR 2.68); household air pollution (OR 2.55); inadequate ventilation (OR 2.05); previous history of tuberculosis (OR 4.03) with history of relapse/failure; known contact of MDR tuberculosis (OR 4.01); having diabetes (OR 3.96); smoking (OR 3.96) Conclusions This study shows that clinical and demographic features can be used to indicate higher risks of drug resistance in this setting. Information was obtained on why Sikkim being a small State with very less population and a good per capita expenditure in health has the highest proportion of MDR-TB in India. Key messages Sikkim is the smallest state in India with the highest proportion of MDR TB. Previous history of TB with history of relapse/failure, contact of MDR TB emerged as the most significant risk factors.

scholarly journals Identification and attribute analysis of key stakeholders who influence multidrug-resistant tuberculosis prevention and control in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Chen ◽  
Hongdan Bao ◽  
Xinyi Chen ◽  
Kui Liu ◽  
Ying Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Stakeholder Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background There could be various stakeholders who influencing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) policy development and implementation, yet their attributes and roles remain unclear in practice. This study aimed to identify key stakeholders in the process of policy-making for MDR-TB control and prevention and to analyse the attributes and relationships of the stakeholders, providing evidence for further policy research on MDR-TB control. Methods This study was conducted from October 2018 to March 2019 and applied the stakeholder analysis guidelines and domestic stakeholder analysis. An initial candidate stakeholder list was developed by policy scanning. Ten experts were invited to identify these candidate stakeholders. The major attribute of these stakeholders were analysed using the Michell scoring method. Based on these results, the intertwined relationships among groups of stakeholders were analysed and mapped through a systematic scan of the policy and literature on MDR-TB control, as well as information obtained from the interviews. Results A list of 21 types of candidate stakeholders was developed after a literature review and policy scanning, of which 11 received 100% approval. After expert evaluation and identification (the total expert authority was 0.80), 19 categories of stakeholders were approved and included in the stakeholder analysis. We categorized all of the stakeholders into three groups: (i) definitive stakeholders who are mainly involved in administrative departments and the Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); (ii) expectant stakeholders who are mainly involved with MDR-TB patients, clinical departments of TB hospitals at different levels, community health care facilities, prefectural CDC and charity organizations; and (iii) latent stakeholders who mainly involved family members and neighbours of MDR-TB patients and TB related products manufacturers. Government departments and higher-level CDCs have strong decision-making power in developing MDR-TB control policies whereas the recommendations from service providers and the concerns of patients should be considered. Conclusions The MDR-TB prevention system was a multistakeholder cooperation system that was mainly led by government stakeholders. Enhancing communications with front-line service providers and patients on their unmet needs and evidence-based suggestions would highly benefit policy-making of MDR-TB prevention and control. Graphical abstract

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