scholarly journals Fungicide Sensitivity of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, the Causal Organism of Petri Grapevine Decline

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Groenewald ◽  
S. Denman ◽  
P.W. Crous
Keyword(s):  
Causal Organism ◽  
Fungicide Sensitivity ◽  
Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽  
Grapevine Decline

scholarly journals Fungi Associated with Esca and Young Grapevine Decline in Greece

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-335
Author(s):  
Artenis Rumbou ◽  
Ioannis Rumbos
Keyword(s):  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
First Year ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽  
Grapevine Decline ◽  
Stereum Hirsutum ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Made In

In the period 1998–2001 significant numbers of vine samples of different varieties, grafted onto different rootstocks, ready for out-planting or planted and declined a few months or years later, were collected or sent to our laboratory to investigate the presence of phytopathogenic fungi. Three hundred eighty rooted cuttings ready for outplanting, 1250 young vines planted and exhibiting decline symptoms in the first year of establishment, 82 vines two to nine years old and 27 old vines exhibiting the classical esca symptoms were examined. Isolations yielded the fungi Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Fomitiporia punctata and Stereum hirsutum, as well as other fungi of the genera Phaeoacremonium, Cylindrocarpon and Botryosphaeria. The low incidence of these fungi isolated in a low percentage of samples suggested that they could not by themselves be the cause of young grapevine decline. Abiotic causes, such as lesions from improperly healed rootstock disbudding sites and graft unions made in the nursery, as well as improper storage and transportation conditions of the propagated material must also have played a role and made the decline more acute. The occurrence of the isolated fungi as endophytes and their role in the outbreak of grapevine decline remain to be investigated.

Ascospore Release of Togninia minima, Cause of Esca and Grapevine Decline in California

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Rooney-Latham ◽  
A. Eskalen ◽  
W. D. Gubler
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Disease Cycle ◽  
Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽  
Grapevine Decline ◽  
Phaeoacremonium Aleophilum ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Ascospore Release ◽  
Video Documentation ◽  
Different Strains

Esca and grapevine decline are important diseases affecting both young and mature grapevines worldwide. In California, these diseases are caused primarily by the fungal pathogens Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum. Perithecia of Togninia minima, the newly-described teleomorph of Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, were produced by mating different strains in culture. Using a video camera, the process of emerging asci and release of ascospores from perithecia was filmed and presented herein for review. Furthermore, naturally occurring perithecia were discovered in infected California vineyards. These studies provide video documentation of the method of ascospore release of Togninia minima and suggest the importance of ascospore release in the disease cycle of esca in California vineyards. Accepted for publication 7 December 2004. Published 9 February 2005.

Incidence of powdery mildew on cucurbit plants in Katsina, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 05-09
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Sphaerotheca Fuliginea ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Powdery Mildews ◽  
Powdery Mildew Disease ◽  
Important Disease

The presence study deals with powdery mildews in various cucurbits in Katsina city (Barhim Estate, Kofar Durbi, Kofar Sauri, Kofar Marusa and Low Cost), Nigeria. The finding shows that the areas infested with powdery mildew is one of the important disease of cucurbits. The Sphaerotheca fuliginea was identified to be the causal organism present on all observed cucurbits in the study. Highest frequency of disease was found in Kofar Sauri(79%) fallowed by Kofar Marusa (68%), Kofar Durbi (66%), Barhim Estate (65%) and the lowest frequency of occurrence of disease was found in Low Cost (55%).The intensity of the disease was moderate to severe in general but it was high in many fields, the area-wise variation was also noticed. On vegetables, the highest frequency of occurrence of powdery mildew disease was observed on L. cylindrica (76.4%) followed by C. moschata (60%), C. sativus (59.3%), C. vulgaris (53.9%) and lowest was found on C. melo (44.4%). The highest intensity of disease was found on C. moschata, followed by L. cylindrica, C. sativus, C. vulgaris and C. melo.

Bacillary Angiomatosis: A Unique Cutaneous Complication of Hiv Infection

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Joan Lipa ◽  
Walter Peters ◽  
Victor Fornasier ◽  
Benjamin Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Bacillary Angiomatosis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
Nodular Lesions ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Erythromycin Therapy

As the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increases, so does the recognition of unusual manifestations of this syndrome. This study describes two patients who presented with a unique, rare, cutaneous manifestion of HIV infection. One patient developed an aggressive atypical cellulitis and ascending lymphangitis of the hand, which failed to improve following multiple courses of several different antibiotics. The other patient presented with multiple, vascular, nodular lesions, clinically resembling Kaposi's sarcoma. Routine biopsies and wound cultures were not helpful for diagnosis. A definitive diagnosis of bacillary angiomatosis (BA) was made using a special silver-staining (Warthin-Starry) histological technique and electron microscopy. Both patients responded completely to oral erythromycin therapy. BA is a newly recognized bacterial infection caused by bacteria of the genus Bartonella. It is seen primarily in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and less commonly in patients with other immunosuppressed conditions. The term BA describes the lesion's pathogenesis (infective-bacillary) and clinico-histology (angiomatosis). The causal organism cannot be cultured reliably and is resistant to most antibiotics. This study reviews these two patients, the differential diagnosis of BA, specific confirmatory tests used in diagnosis, and the treatment outcome of this condition. It is important for the plastic surgeon to understand BA, because it can resemble other common presentations, but it can also be associated with internal involvement leading to mortality. However, when recognized, it can usually be cured by oral erythromycin therapy (500 mg qid) for several weeks.

Characterization, fungicide sensitivity and efficacy of Colletotrichum spp. from chili in Fujian, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 105572
Author(s):  
Niu-Niu Shi ◽  
Hong-Chun Ruan ◽  
Yu-Lin Jie ◽  
Fu-Ru Chen ◽  
Yi-Xin Du
Keyword(s):  
Fungicide Sensitivity ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp

scholarly journals Double Gamers—Can Modified Natural Regulators of Higher Plants Act as Antagonists against Phytopathogens? The Case of Jasmonic Acid Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8681
Author(s):  
Nicolò Orsoni ◽  
Francesca Degola ◽  
Luca Nerva ◽  
Franco Bisceglie ◽  
Giorgio Spadola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽  
Horticultural Crops

As key players in biotic stress response of plants, jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives cover a specific and prominent role in pathogens-mediated signaling and hence are promising candidates for a sustainable management of phytopathogenic fungi. Recently, JA directed antimicrobial effects on plant pathogens has been suggested, supporting the theory of oxylipins as double gamers in plant-pathogen interaction. Based on these premises, six derivatives (dihydrojasmone and cis-jasmone, two thiosemicarbazonic derivatives and their corresponding complexes with copper) have been evaluated against 13 fungal species affecting various economically important herbaceous and woody crops, such as cereals, grapes and horticultural crops: Phaeoacremonium minimum, Neofusicoccum parvum, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Fomitiporia mediterranea, Fusarium poae, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae,F. sporotrichioides, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizoctonia solani,Sclerotinia spp. and Verticillium dahliae. The biological activity of these compounds was assessed in terms of growth inhibition and, for the two mycotoxigenic species A. flavus and F. sporotrichioides, also in terms of toxin containment. As expected, the inhibitory effect of molecules greatly varied amongst both genera and species; cis-jasmone thiosemicarbazone in particular has shown the wider range of effectiveness. However, our results show that thiosemicarbazones derivatives are more effective than the parent ketones in limiting fungal growth and mycotoxins production, supporting possible applications for the control of pathogenic fungi.

Identification and pathogenicity ofBotryosphaeriaspecies associated with grapevine decline in Western Australia

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Taylor ◽  
G. E. St J. Hardy ◽  
P. Wood ◽  
T. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Grapevine Decline

scholarly journals Sequence Variation in Two Protein-Coding Genes Correlates with Mycelial Compatibility Groupings in Sclerotium rolfsii

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efrén Remesal ◽  
Blanca B. Landa ◽  
María del Mar Jiménez-Gasco ◽  
Juan A. Navas-Cortés
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mycelial Compatibility

Populations of Sclerotium rolfsii, the causal organism of Sclerotium root-rot on a wide range of hosts, can be placed into mycelial compatibility groups (MCGs). In this study, we evaluated three different molecular approaches to unequivocally identify each of 12 previously identified MCGs. These included restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and sequence analysis of two protein-coding genes: translation elongation factor 1α (EF1α) and RNA polymerase II subunit two (RPB2). A collection of 238 single-sclerotial isolates representing 12 MCGs of S. rolfsii were obtained from diseased sugar beet plants from Chile, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. ITS-RFLP analysis using four restriction enzymes (AluI, HpaII, RsaI, and MboI) displayed a low degree of variability among MCGs. Only three different restriction profiles were identified among S. rolfsii isolates, with no correlation to MCG or to geographic origin. Based on nucleotide polymorphisms, the RPB2 gene was more variable among MCGs compared with the EF1α gene. Thus, 10 of 12 MCGs could be characterized utilizing the RPB2 region only, while the EF1α region resolved 7 MCGs. However, the analysis of combined partial sequences of EF1α and RPB2 genes allowed discrimination among each of the 12 MCGs. All isolates belonging to the same MCG showed identical nucleotide sequences that differed by at least in one nucleotide from a different MCG. The consistency of our results to identify the MCG of a given S. rolfsii isolate using the combined sequences of EF1α and RPB2 genes was confirmed using blind trials. Our study demonstrates that sequence variation in the protein-coding genes EF1α and RPB2 may be exploited as a diagnostic tool for MCG typing in S. rolfsii as well as to identify previously undescribed MCGs.

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