scholarly journals Import-Substituting Food Additive E316 (Sodium Isoascorbate): Production Patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Михаил Кукин ◽  
Mikhail Kukin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Temperature Limit ◽  
Target Product ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Isoascorbic Acid

Sodium isoascorbate is one of the most popular antioxidants in food industry. Russia imports it from abroad. Thus, import substitution requires a thorough research into the patterns of isoascorbate technology production and development. The mass fraction of the main substance in the solution and crystals of the target product was determined by iodometric titration. It was established that the rate of oxidative degradation of sodium isoascorbate solutions is from 0.01%/h at 25°C to 0.80%/h at 82°C, depending on the temperature and duration of the process, as well as contact with metal and oxygen of the air. The experiment substantiated the choice of metal equipment and the temperature limit of 60°C. The equivalent pH values during the interaction of isoascorbic acid solutions with sodium hydroxide, carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate solutions were 7.5, 7.0, and 5.6, respectively. The author also defined the influence of equilibrium concentrations of aqueous solutions of isoascorbic acid and sodium isoascorbate on temperature. The optimal method was to add a solution of sodium hydroxide into a solution of isoascorbic acid with a ratio between the masses of sodium hydroxide solution, crystalline isoascorbic acid, and prepared water, respectively, 1:2.11:6.13. The solution obtained at such ratios had a supersaturation coefficient of 1.05 at a temperature of 60°C. The experiment revealed the time required to establish equilibrium in the crystallizing system and the dependence of the solubility of sodium isoasorbate on the mass fraction of ethyl alcohol in solution. It was proposed to separate the target product from the solution by isohydric crystallization followed by isothermal crystallization, followed by washing the crystals with ethyl alcohol. According to the proposed technology, sodium isoascorbate was obtained with a mass fraction of the basic substance of at least 99.0%. The obtained data can be used in the development of industrial technology for the production of sodium isoascorbate.

scholarly journals TRANSESTERIFICATION OF VEGETABLE OILS’ TRIGLYCERIDES BY THE HEAD FRACTION OF ETHYL ALCOHOL

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Yurii Melnyk ◽  
Stepan Melnyk ◽  
Halyna Mahorivska
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Hydroxide Solution

The regularities of sunflower, rapeseed and flaxseed oils’ triglycerides transesterification by the head fraction of ethyl alcohol in the presence of various catalysts have been investigated. The cation exchange resin KU-2-8 in H+-form and cation exchange resin KU-2-8 containing an immobilized Cu2+-ions (untreated and treated by 0,1 M sodium hydroxide solution for 90 min and for 7 days) were used as catalyst. It was shown that the all investigated catalysts except the untreated cation exchange resin KU-2-8 containing an immobilized Cu2+-ions allow to achieve of triglycerides conversion over 90 % under the reaction conditions. It was found that the catalyst KU-2-8 containing an immobilized Cu2+-ions treated by 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution for 90 min shows the highest activity. Also it was found that this catalyst allows to achieve triglyceride conversion all of studied vegetable oils over 99.5% in 180 min of reaction. Simultaneously it was found that the highest rate of transesterification reaction in its presence is observed. The influence of these catalysts on the esterification reaction of free fatty acids, present in vegetable oils, by ethyl alcohol, present in the head fraction, was studied. It was established that the influence of the investigated catalysts on the esterification reaction is different. It was shown that cation exchange resin KU-2-8 containing an immobilized Cu2+-ions treated by 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution for 90 min catalyzes the esterification reaction of free fatty acids of all investigated oils. Their conversion is from 21.6 % (in sunflower oil) up to 74.1 % (in rapeseed oil). At the same time, it was found that long-term treatment of cation exchange resin KU-2-8 containing an immobilized Cu2+-ions by sodium hydroxide solution leads to a sharp decrease or loss of catalyst activity in the esterification reaction of free fatty acids by ethyl alcohol. It was shown that the use of this catalyst for the transesterification of rapeseed and sunflower oils’ triglycerides even increases the acid number of the reaction mixture, namely to the partial hydrolysis of triglycerides. The obtained results show that the short-term treatment the cation exchange resin KU-2-8 containing an immobilized Cu2+-ions by 0.1 M alkali solution is one of the ways that allow to increase its catalytic activity in the transesterification process of vegetable oils by head fraction of ethyl alcohol. It is assumed that such treatment affects the catalytic activity of Cu2+-ions due to changes in the electron density on the catalyst cation caused the coordination of part of the OH–-anions. The long-term treatment of the cation exchange resin containing an immobilized Cu2+-ions by alkali solution causes a maximum saturation of the cation coordination sphere. This obviously creates steric problem of a reagents access to the catalyst and reduces the catalytic activity cation exchange resin.

Characterization and Hydrolization of PAN by Sodium Hydroxide

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 1032-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Min Hu ◽  
Chang Fa Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Polymer Chain ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Nitrile Group ◽  
Polyacrylonitrile Fiber ◽  
Carboxyl Group ◽  
Chrome Yellow ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

An polyacrylonitrile fiber is one that contains at least 85% by mass of acrylonitrile comonomer in the polymer chain. The nitrile group (-C≡N) in polyacrylonitrile fiber is converted to carboxyl group(–COOH) after hydrolysis in NaOH aqueous solution.This research explores the hydrolysis of copolyacrylonitrile fiber in sodium hydroxide solution and characterization by chrome yellow method. The optimum hydrolytic technology is sodium hydroxide mass fraction is 12%, the time of hydrolysis is 10min, the temperature of hydrolysis is 80°C. In addition, the surface morphology of the polyacrylonitrile fiber and the modified polyacrylonitrile fiber were observed by SEM. The strength of the hydrolysed fiber is decline and the moisture regain is increased compared with the polyacrylonitrile fiber.

scholarly journals Technology development of fatty acids obtaining from soapstok using saponification

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6 (113)) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Natalia Sytnik ◽  
Ekaterina Kunitsia ◽  
Viktoriia Kalyna ◽  
Olena Petukhova ◽  
Kostiantyn Ostapov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Total Fat

The processing of oil refining waste is essential from economic and environmental points of view. An important issue is the processing of soapstock to extract fatty acids, which are raw materials for various industries. The two-stage method of fatty acids obtaining from soapstock using saponification with sodium hydroxide solution and decomposition with sulfuric acid is investigated. The peculiarity of the work is the study of the influence of soapstock saponification conditions on the key efficiency indicators of fatty acid extraction: yield and neutralization number. A sample of soapstock was obtained as a result of alkaline neutralization of sunflower oil. Soapstock quality corresponds to DSTU 5033 (CAS 68952-95-4): mass fraction of total fat – 68.5 %, fatty acids – 62.6 %, neutral fat – 5.9 %. Rational saponification conditions were determined: duration (85 min.) and concentration of sodium hydroxide solution (45 %). After saponification, the soapstock was subjected to decomposition with sulfuric acid under the following conditions: temperature 90 °C, duration 40 min. Under the rational saponification conditions, the yield of fatty acids (91.8 %) and the neutralization number (187.1 mg KOH/g) were determined. The obtained fatty acids correspond to the first-grade fatty acids according to DSTU 4860 (CAS 61788-66-7). Acid indicators: mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances – 1.5 %, mass fraction of total fat – 98.0 %, cleavage depth – 69.2 % oleic acid. The use of the soapstock saponification stage before decomposition leads to an improvement in the quality indicators and an increase in the neutralization number of fatty acids by 4 %, yield – by 16.2 %. The results of the study make it possible to produce fatty acids from soapstock by two-stage technology with high yield and neutralization number

The preparation of sodium 4-Amino-3-nitro-benzenesulfonate and some related compounds

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Rosevear ◽  
JFK Wilshire
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Nitro Group ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Dilute Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Related Compounds

The sodium salt of 4-amino-3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid (O-nitroaniline-p-sulfonic acid) has been prepared by the action of dilute sodium hydroxide solution on ethyl [(4-chlorosulfonyl-2-nitro)- phenyllcarbamate. Central to this synthesis is the finding that the N-ethoxycarbonyl group, when located ortho to a nitro group (but not to a bromo group), is readily removed by dilute sodium hydroxide solution.

Kinetics and leaching behaviors of aluminum from pharmaceutical blisters in sodium hydroxide solution

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 4545-4550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong-qing Wang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Guo-hua Gu ◽  
Jian-gang Fu ◽  
You-nian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Hydroxide Solution

scholarly journals Reconstruction of the Esophagus in a Patient who Attempted Suicide by Swallowing Sodium Hydroxide Solution -Utility of DP Flap -

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (Supplement94) ◽  
pp. 217-225
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Fujiyoshi ◽  
Hiroyuki Masuda ◽  
Tokuji Nishinaka ◽  
Tetsuo Futami ◽  
Hiromi Shibuya
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Hydroxide Solution
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