EXPERIMENTAL STUDY FOR EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE AQUEOUS GARLIC EXTRACT IN TREATMENT OF ARTHRITIS IN RABBITS

Objective: The objective of this research was to investigate the extraction and isolation of chemical compounds of Zanthoxylum limonella Alstonextracts which selected from Chiang Mai and Pa Yao province, Thailand and Taiwan.Method: There are 3 locations of medicinal plant, Z. limonella Alston was collected, two provinces of northern Thailand, Chiang Mai and Phayao,including the other country, Taiwan. All of extractions were carried out by methanol. In this experimental study, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) andhigh-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were measured.Results: The result was found that the best organic solvent for extraction is methanol. The suitable of extraction was methanol and toluene in the ratioof 9:1 when developed with TLC and gradient methanol and water when analyzed with HPLC. The potential bioactive compound from crude extractedwas lupeol. Crude extracted from leaf at Chiang Mai was highest lupeol as 5655.72 μg/mg extraction whereas crude extracted from leaf at Phayaoshowed this compound as 16, 98.81 μg/mg extraction. In addition, the crude extraction from root and bark of both areas showed the amount of lupeolless than leaf crude extracted. The further study will focus on antimicrobial activity and biological activity in the near future.Conclusion: The bioactive compound, lupeol was found in all part of Makhaen in Thailand but did not found in Taiwan seed.

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Inclusion of marbofloxacin in PMMA orthopaedic cement

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1632983 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 19 (02) ◽

pp. 106-109

Author(s):

H. J. Boulouis ◽

P. Moissonnier ◽

M. Cariou

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

High Temperatures ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic ◽

Galenic Form ◽

Pmma Cement

SummaryThis in vitro experimental study investigated the feasibility for marbofloxacin, a veterinary fluoroquinolone antibiotic, to retain its antibacterial activity after its inclusion in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement. The assays were conducted on gelose cultures of various types of bacteria isolated from canine spontaneous osteomyelitis. The efficiency of the antibiotics was assessed by using an antibiogram method. Resistance of marbofloxacin to the temperature observed during PMMA polymerization, antimicrobial effect of galenic, useful concentrations and comparison with gentamicin (reference antibiotic for this use) were evaluated. Marbofloxacin retained its antimicrobial activity after being heated to high temperatures reached during polymerization. The more effective galenic form to incorporate into the PMMA monomer was the marbofloxacin powder and the appropriate concentration was 1/40°. In this experiment, marbofloxacin included in PMMA showed a good antimicrobial activity; however this activity was lower than gentamicin added to PMMA on Gram + and Pseudomonas bacteria.Therefore, it seems useful to incorporate marbofloxacin to PMMA cement to treat, or to prevent, osteomyelitis associated with marbofloxacin sensitive bacteria.Nevertheless, the development of a marbofloxacin-PMMA cement requires further evaluation, especially pharmacological, biomechanical and clinical.

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In VitroEfficacy of Diallyl Sulfides against the Periodontopathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00020-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 2397-2407 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Kabilan Velliyagounder ◽

Krishnaraj Ganeshnarayan ◽

Senthil Kumar Velusamy ◽

Daniel H. Fine

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽

Etiologic Agent ◽

Garlic Extract ◽

Heat Inactivation ◽

Content Type ◽

Gst Activity

ABSTRACTThein vitroantibacterial effects of diallyl sulfide (DAS) against the Gram-negative periodontopathogenAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, the key etiologic agent of the severe form of localized aggressive periodontitis and other nonoral infections, were studied.A. actinomycetemcomitanswas treated with garlic extract, allicin, or DAS, and the anti-A. actinomycetemcomitanseffects of the treatment were evaluated. Garlic extract, allicin, and DAS significantly inhibited the growth ofA. actinomycetemcomitans(greater than 3 log;P< 0.01) compared to control cells. Heat inactivation of the garlic extracts significantly reduced the protein concentration; however, the antimicrobial effect was retained. Purified proteins from garlic extract did not exhibit antimicrobial activity. Allicin lost all its antimicrobial effect when it was subjected to heat treatment, whereas DAS demonstrated an antimicrobial effect similar to that of the garlic extract, suggesting that the antimicrobial activity of garlic extract is mainly due to DAS. AnA. actinomycetemcomitansbiofilm-killing assay performed with DAS showed a significant reduction in biofilm cell numbers, as evidenced by both confocal microscopy and culture. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of DAS-treatedA. actinomycetemcomitansbiofilms showed alterations of colony architecture indicating severe stress. Flow cytometry analysis of OBA9 cells did not demonstrate apoptosis or cell cycle arrest at therapeutic concentrations of DAS (0.01 and 0.1 μg/ml). DAS-treatedA. actinomycetemcomitanscells demonstrated complete inhibition of glutathione (GSH)S-transferase (GST) activity. However, OBA9 cells, when exposed to DAS at similar concentrations, showed no significant differences in GST activity, suggesting that DAS-induced GST inhibition might be involved inA. actinomycetemcomitanscell death. These findings demonstrate that DAS exhibits significant antibacterial activity againstA. actinomycetemcomitansand that this property might be utilized for exploring its therapeutic potential in treatment ofA. actinomycetemcomitans-associated oral and nonoral infections.

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