Role of Elemental Sulfur and Copper Oxychloride against Damping- Off Disease of Faba Bean Caused by Fusarium solani.

Abstract Background Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivation is highly challenged by faba bean black root rot disease (Fusarium solani) in high lands of Ethiopia. To ensure sustainable production of faba beans, searching for eco-friendly disease management options is necessary to curb the progress of the disease timely. The indigenous biocontrol agents that suit local environments may effectively strive with in-situ microorganisms and suppress local pathogen strains. This study aimed to screen antagonistic indigenous compatible Trichoderma and Pseudomonas strains against Fusarium solani. In the pathogenicity test, soil-filled pots were arranged in complete random block design and sown with health faba bean seeds. The effect of some fungicides was evaluated against Fusarium by food poisoning methods to compare with the biocontrol agents. The antagonistic efficacy of biocontrol agents and their compatibility was investigated on Potato dextrose agar medium. Results Fusarium solani AAUF51 strain caused an intense root rotting in faba bean plant. The effect of Mancozeb 80% WP at 300 ppm was comparable with Trichoderma and Pseudomonas strains against Fusarium. The mycelial growth of test the pathogen was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced to 86.67 and 85.19% by Trichoderma harzianum AAUW1 and Trichoderma viridae AAUC22 strains in dual culture, respectively. The volatile metabolites of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AAUS31 (77.78%) found the most efficient in reducing mycelial growth of Fusarium followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens AAUPF62 (71.11%) strains. The cell-free culture filtrates of Pseudomonas fluorescens AAUPF62 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa AAUS31 were more efficient than the Trichoderma strain in reducing the growth of Fusarium isolates. There was no zone of inhibition recorded between Trichoderma harzianum AAUW1, Trichoderma viridae AAUC22, Pseudomonas aeruginosa AAUS31, and Pseudomonas fluorescens AAUPF62 strains, hence they were mutually compatible. Conclusions The compatible Trichoderma and Pseudomonas strains showed antagonistic potentiality that could be explored for faba bean protection against black root rot disease and might have a future dual application as biocontrol agents.

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Myco-Suppression Analysis of Soybean (Glycine max) Damping-Off Caused by Pythium aphanidermatum

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040788 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 788

Author(s):

Shaban R. M. Sayed ◽

Shaimaa A. M. Abdelmohsen ◽

Hani M. A. Abdelzaher ◽

Mohammed A. Elnaghy ◽

Ashraf A. Mostafa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Biocontrol Agent ◽

Lateral Roots ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Pythium Aphanidermatum ◽

Damping Off ◽

Pythium Oligandrum ◽

Rdna Its ◽

Half Strength

The role of Pythium oligandrum as a biocontrol agent against Pythium aphanidermatum was investigated to avoid the harmful impacts of fungicides. Three isolates of P. oligandrum (MS15, MS19, and MS31) were assessed facing the plant pathogenic P. aphanidermatum the causal agent of Glycine max damping-off. The tested Pythium species were recognized according to their cultural and microscopic characterizations. The identification was confirmed through sequencing of rDNA-ITS regions including the 5.8 S rDNA. The biocontrol agent, P. oligandrum, isolates decreased the mycelial growth of the pathogenic P. aphanidermatum with 71.3%, 67.1%, and 68.7% through mycoparasitism on CMA plates. While the half-strength millipore sterilized filtrates of P. oligandrum isolates degrade the pathogenic mycelial linear growth by 34.1%, 32.5%, and 31.7%, and reduce the mycelial dry weight of the pathogenic P. aphanidermatum by 40.1%, 37.4%, and 36.8%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the most effective antagonistic P. oligandrum isolate (MS15) interaction showed coiling, haustorial parts of P. oligandrum to P. aphanidermatum hyphae. Furthermore, P. oligandrum isolates were proven to enhance the germination of Glycine max seedling to 93.3% in damping-off infection using agar pots and promote germination of up to 80% during soil pot assay. On the other hand, P. oligandrum isolates increase the shoot, root lengths, and the number of lateral roots.

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The Role of Humic Acid Application on Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)

Gesunde Pflanzen ◽

10.1007/s10343-021-00581-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Samaneh Roudgarnejad ◽

Morteza Samdeliri ◽

Amirabas Mousavi Mirkalaei ◽

Mojtaba Nasheai Moghaddam

Keyword(s):

Humic Acid ◽

Vicia Faba ◽

Faba Bean ◽

Qualitative Traits ◽

Vicia Faba L ◽

Quantitative And Qualitative Traits

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Complex interactions in legume/cereal intercropping system: role of root exudates in root-to-root communication

10.1101/097584 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yinshan Jiao ◽

Entao Wang ◽

Wenfeng Chen ◽

Donald L. Smith

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Root Exudates ◽

Faba Bean ◽

The Novel ◽

Practical Application ◽

Corn Root ◽

Complex Interactions ◽

Root Interactions ◽

Ecological Principles

Dear Editor,Legume/cereal intercropping systems have been regarded as the practical application of basic ecological principles such as diversity, competition and facilitation. In a recent PNAS paper, Li et al. (1) describe the novel finding that maize exudates promote faba bean nodulation and nitrogen fixation by upregulating genes involved in (iso)flavonoids synthesis (chalcone–flavanone isomerase) within faba bean, resulting in production of more genistein, a legume-to-rhizobia signal during establishment of the faba bean N2–fixing symbiosis. Although we salute the authors’ methodological efforts, there is another mechanism that could be responsible for the effect of corn root exudates on faba been nitrogen fixation observed in this article (1). The authors may misunderstand their data and the signalling role of maize exudates, thus got a defective model for the root interactions between faba bean and maize.

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Role of Nano-Silica in Amelioration Salt Stress Effect on some Soil Properties, Anatomical Structure and Productivity of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) and Maize (Zea mays L.) Plants

Journal of Plant Production ◽

10.21608/jpp.2018.36610 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 955-964

Author(s):

F. El- Emary ◽

M. Amer

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Faba Bean ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Anatomical Structure ◽

Stress Effect ◽

Nano Silica ◽

Vicia Faba L

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Organic Stabilization of Extracellular Elemental Sulfur in a Sulfurovum-Rich Biofilm: A New Role for Extracellular Polymeric Substances?

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.720101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Brandi Cron ◽

Jennifer L. Macalady ◽

Julie Cosmidis

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structures ◽

Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽

Elemental Sulfur ◽

Dense Matrix ◽

Cave System ◽

Carboxylic Groups ◽

Sulfur Oxidizing ◽

New Evidence ◽

Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

This work shines light on the role of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) in the formation and preservation of elemental sulfur biominerals produced by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. We characterized elemental sulfur particles produced within a Sulfurovum-rich biofilm in the Frasassi Cave System (Italy). The particles adopt spherical and bipyramidal morphologies, and display both stable (α-S8) and metastable (β-S8) crystal structures. Elemental sulfur is embedded within a dense matrix of EPS, and the particles are surrounded by organic envelopes rich in amide and carboxylic groups. Organic encapsulation and the presence of metastable crystal structures are consistent with elemental sulfur organomineralization, i.e., the formation and stabilization of elemental sulfur in the presence of organics, a mechanism that has previously been observed in laboratory studies. This research provides new evidence for the important role of microbial EPS in mineral formation in the environment. We hypothesize that the extracellular organics are used by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria for the stabilization of elemental sulfur minerals outside of the cell wall as a store of chemical energy. The stabilization of energy sources (in the form of a solid electron acceptor) in biofilms is a potential new role for microbial EPS that requires further investigation.

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