USING OF MULTI-YEAR REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR THE NEVA BAY AND THE EASTERN GULF OF FINLAND FOR REVEALING PECULIARITIES OF ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS OF HYDRO-TECHNICAL FACILITIES BUILDING AND DREDGINGS ON THE COASTAL AND WATER ENVIRONMENT

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leontina Sukhacheva ◽  
Leontina Sukhacheva
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Coastal Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Neva Bay

This paper is devoted to the use of long-term remote sensing (RS) data for assessment of anthropogenic impacts on the coastal water environment of the Neva Bay (NB) and the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland (EGOF), caused by construction of hydro-ingineering facilities, operations for land reclamation, dredging and underwater dumping. The study period includes past four decades for which airborne and satellite data are available. Results of using long-term RS data sets for monitoring and studying coastal water environment, for estimation of levels of water contamination by suspended matter (SM), for revealing spatiotemporal variability of SM distribution under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors, for studying features of surface water dynamics and of phytoplankton development, are discussed.

USING OF MULTI-YEAR REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR THE NEVA BAY AND THE EASTERN GULF OF FINLAND FOR REVEALING PECULIARITIES OF ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS OF HYDRO-TECHNICAL FACILITIES BUILDING AND DREDGINGS ON THE COASTAL AND WATER ENVIRONMENT

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leontina Sukhacheva ◽  
Leontina Sukhacheva
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Coastal Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Neva Bay

This paper is devoted to the use of long-term remote sensing (RS) data for assessment of anthropogenic impacts on the coastal water environment of the Neva Bay (NB) and the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland (EGOF), caused by construction of hydro-ingineering facilities, operations for land reclamation, dredging and underwater dumping. The study period includes past four decades for which airborne and satellite data are available. Results of using long-term RS data sets for monitoring and studying coastal water environment, for estimation of levels of water contamination by suspended matter (SM), for revealing spatiotemporal variability of SM distribution under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors, for studying features of surface water dynamics and of phytoplankton development, are discussed.

THE ROLE OF REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR COASTAL ZONE MONITIORING AND MANAGEMENT (CASE STUDY FOR THE EAST PART OF GULF OF FINLAND)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikifor Ostanin ◽  
Nikifor Ostanin
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data

Coastal zone of the Eastern Gulf of Finland is subjected to essential natural and anthropogenic impact. The processes of abrasion and accumulation are predominant. While some coastal protection structures are old and ruined the problem of monitoring and coastal management is actual. Remotely sensed data is important component of geospatial information for coastal environment research. Rapid development of modern satellite remote sensing techniques and data processing algorithms made this data essential for monitoring and management. Multispectral imagers of modern high resolution satellites make it possible to produce advanced image processing, such as relative water depths estimation, sea-bottom classification and detection of changes in shallow water environment. In the framework of the project of development of new coast protection plan for the Kurortny District of St.-Petersburg a series of archival and modern satellite images were collected and analyzed. As a result several schemes of underwater parts of coastal zone and schemes of relative bathymetry for the key areas were produced. The comparative analysis of multi-temporal images allow us to reveal trends of environmental changes in the study areas. This information, compared with field observations, shows that remotely sensed data is useful and efficient for geospatial planning and development of new coast protection scheme.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic and catchment characteristic signatures in the water quality of Swiss rivers: a quantitative assessment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Botter ◽  
Paolo Burlando ◽  
Simone Fatichi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

Abstract. The hydrological and biogeochemical response of rivers carries information about solute sources, pathways, and transformations in the catchment. We investigate long-term water quality data of eleven Swiss catchments with the objective to discern the influence of catchment characteristics and anthropogenic activities on delivery of solutes in stream water. Magnitude, trends and seasonality of water quality samplings of different solutes are evaluated and compared across catchments. Subsequently, the empirical dependence between concentration and discharge is used to classify different solute behaviors. Although the influence of catchment geology, morphology and size is sometime visible on in-stream solute concentrations, anthropogenic impacts are much more evident. Solute variability is generally smaller than discharge variability. The majority of solutes shows dilution with increasing discharge, especially geogenic species, while sediment-related solutes (e.g. Total Phosphorous and Organic Carbon species) show higher concentrations with increasing discharge. Both natural and anthropogenic factors impact the biogeochemical response of streams and, while the majority of solutes show identifiable behaviors in individual catchments, only a minority of behaviors can be generalized across catchments that exhibit different natural, climatic and anthropogenic features.

scholarly journals Traces of Early State formations in South East Georgia, Caucasus - response and impact on changes in the climate and environment Shiraqi Plane, South East Georgia, Caucasus

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Konstantine (Kiazo) Pitskhelauri ◽  
◽  
Mikheil Elashvili ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Early State ◽  
Environment Study

Study of past changes in environment and, its effect on human society delivers key information to reconstruct the hystorical past but also to project future changes and their effects. Study focus on South-East Georgia, Caucasus region, which represents natural polygon of long term changes in the environment. Study area represents semi-arid Shiraqi plain in South-East Georgia (see the map below). It is characterized with annual precipitation <600mm and shows open dry steppic landscape today. However, recent data collected using remote sensing and archaeological studies, deliver evidences of early human inhabitation of this area, starting from the Paleolithic and forming a constant chain of active settlement through the time, until sudden abrupt at the end of the Bronze Age. Geomorphologically Shiraqi plane represents 800 sqr. km of almost flat area with average height of 600 m above Sea level, surrounded by chains of mountains creating a natural walls surrounding the plane. There are almost no settlements in the area, devoid of water resources today. Archaeo-Botanic and soil studies assume that the region was covered by forests, Hydro modelling shows possibility of existence of well developed water network with a shallow lake in the center of plane. Remote sensing data and resent archaeological excavations at Didnauri site provides clear evidences of early state formation, with favorable paleo-environmental conditions. The goal of current study is to shed light on historic changes in the environment of the region, its natural and anthropogenic factors and consequently response of human society on these changes.

Experience in assessing the dynamic state of vegetation based on a large-scale map of modern vegetation (on the example of the area “Levashovskiy les”, St. Petersburg)

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Volkova ◽  
V. N. Khramtsov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Short Term

The article is devoted to the vegetation mapping of the “Levashovskiy les”— a large forest-mire massif located in the northern part of St. Petersburg (Fig. 1). It continues a series of articles on the vegetation of existing and proposed specially protected natural areas of St. Petersburg (Volkova, Khramtsov, 2018). Large-scale map of modern vegetation (Fig. 2) is presented; the map legend includes 67 main numbers, the signs and numeric indexes at the numbers made it possible to show 93 mapping units (associations and their variants). Brief description of the main types of plant communities (spruce, pine, birch, aspen, gray alder and black alder forests; raised bogs, transitional mires and fens, floodplain and upland meadows) reveals the content of the legend. Vegetation cover is characterized by the dominance of secondary communities. The main anthropogenic impacts on modern vegetation are following: drainage reclamation, deforestation and former agricultural use, forest fires, gas pipelines, highways. Most of the forest communities are secondary ones; they have grown under the pressure of various anthropogenic factors and at different time. Nowadays an active process of natural regeneration of conife­rous (mainly spruce) trees goes in the forests. Plant community structure and species composition were taken into account as well as their dynamic state. To assess the degree of disturbance of plant communities and the potential for their restoration, the analysis of all mapped vegetation categories with respect to their position in the ranks of restorative successions was made. Then an assessment map “Dynamic state of plant communities” (Fig. 3) was compiled. The map shows following categories of dynamic types of communities: conventionally primary; relatively long-term secondary and stable long-term secondary (Sukachev, 1938; Isachenko, 1964; Karpenko, 1965; Gribova, Isachenko, 1972); short-term secondary that were divided into 3 categories representing different stages of restorative series. Present state of the vegetation cover of the “Levashovskiy les” can be determined by the ratio of the areas of conventionally primary and secondary communities. Areal analysis of dynamic categories of plant communities showed that only a bit more than 20 % of the territory is occupied by conventionally primary communities and about 60 % – by short-term secondary ones with good restorative potential. Without strong anthropogenic and natural disturbances, a significant part of the disturbed plant communities will be able to self-restore to their natural state. The establishment of a specially protected natural area as well as the regulation of conservation regime will support restoration process of nature ecosystems.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic and catchment characteristic signatures in the water quality of Swiss rivers: a quantitative assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 1885-1904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Botter ◽  
Paolo Burlando ◽  
Simone Fatichi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Catchment Characteristics

Abstract. The hydrological and biogeochemical response of rivers carries information about solute sources, pathways, and transformations in the catchment. We investigate long-term water quality data of 11 Swiss catchments with the objective to discern the influence of major catchment characteristics and anthropic activities on delivery of solutes in stream water. Magnitude, trends, and seasonality of water quality samplings of different solutes are evaluated and compared across catchments. Subsequently, the empirical dependence between concentration and discharge is used to classify the solute behaviors. While the anthropogenic impacts are clearly detectable in the concentration of certain solutes (i.e., Na+, Cl−, NO3, DRP), the influence of single catchment characteristics such as geology (e.g., on Ca2+ and H4SiO4), topography (e.g., on DOC, TOC, and TP), and size (e.g., on DOC and TOC) is only sometimes visible, which is also because of the limited sample size and the spatial heterogeneity within catchments. Solute variability in time is generally smaller than discharge variability and the most significant trends in time are due to temporal variations of anthropogenic rather than natural forcing. The majority of solutes show dilution with increasing discharge, especially geogenic species, while sediment-bonded solutes (e.g., total phosphorous and organic carbon species) show higher concentrations with increasing discharge. Both natural and anthropogenic factors affect the biogeochemical response of streams, and, while the majority of solutes show identifiable behaviors in individual catchments, only a minority of behaviors can be generalized across the 11 catchments that exhibit different natural, climatic, and anthropogenic features.

scholarly journals The Swiss snow climatology as seen by reanalyses and further gridded datasets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Goeldi ◽  
Stefanie Gubler ◽  
Christian Steger ◽  
Simon C. Scherrer ◽  
Sven Kotlarski
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Snow Cover Extent ◽  
Snow Water

&lt;p&gt;Snow cover is a key component of alpine environments and knowledge of its spatiotemporal variability, including long-term trends, is vital for a range of dependent systems like winter tourism, hydropower production, etc. Snow cover retreat during the past decades is considered as an important and illustrative indicator of ongoing climate change. As such, the monitoring of surface snow cover and the projection of its future changes play a key role for climate services in alpine regions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In Switzerland, a spatially and temporally consistent snow cover climatology that can serve as a reference for both climate monitoring and for future snow cover projections is currently missing. To assess the value and the potential of currently available long term spatial snow data we compare a range of different gridded snow water equivalent (SWE) datasets for the area of Switzerland, including three reanalysis-based products (COSMO-REA6, ERA5, ERA5-Land). The gridded data sets have a horizontal resolution between 1 and 30 km. The performance of the data sets is assessed by comparing them against three reference data sets with different characteristics (station data, a high-resolution 1km snow model that assimilates snow observations, and an optical remote sensing data set). Four different snow indicators are considered (mean SWE, number of snow days, date of maximum SWE, and snow cover extent) in nine different regions of Switzerland and six elevation classes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The results reveal high temporal correlations between the individual datasets and, in general, a good performance regarding both countrywide and regional estimates of mean SWE. In individual regions, however, larger biases appear. All data sets qualitatively agree on a decreasing trend of mean SWE during the previous decades particularly at low elevations, but substantial differences can exist. Furthermore, all data sets overestimate the snow cover fraction as provided by the remote sensing reference. In general, reanalysis products capture the general characteristics of the Swiss snow climatology but indicate some distinctive deviations &amp;#8211; e.g. like a systematic under- respectively overestimation of the mean snow water equivalent.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Monitoring Coastline Dynamics of Alakol Lake in Kazakhstan Using Remote Sensing Data

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Adilet Valeyev ◽  
Marat Karatayev ◽  
Ainagul Abitbayeva ◽  
Saule Uxukbayeva ◽  
Aruzhan Bektursynova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Scale Space ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Space Images ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Water Index ◽  
Sensing Data

Alakol Lake is one of the largest hydrologically closed lake located in Balkash-Alakol River Basin in southeast Kazakhstan. Having a coastline approximately at 490 km, Alakol Lake has faced multiple threats due to both natural and anthropogenic factors as a result of tectonic movements, geology, wind-wave conditions, growing tourism activities, fishing, and transport, etc. The present study aims to investigate the historical trends in coastline changes along Alakol Lake in Kazakhstan and estimate its change rate by using remote sensing data in particular scale-space images Landsat-5 TM, 7 ETM+, 8 OLI, and Sentinel-2A. Based on Landsat and Sentinel data, the modified normalized difference water index was calculated to demonstrate the coastline changes along Alakol Lake between 1990 and 2018. Moreover, the monitoring and analysis of coastline dynamics is based on the main morphometric characteristics of Alakol Lake including water surface area, coastline length, geomorphology of the coast, etc. Our results reveal that there is a continuous coastline retreat, depending on the coast types. For example, in the case of the denudation coasts, a land inundation was from 120 to 270 m between 1990 and 2018. In the case of the accumulative coast (mainly northeast, north, and northwest coasts) a land inundation was from 200 to 900 m. A vast area of agricultural land around Alakol Lake become flooded and lost. This study demonstrates the importance of monitoring coastline dynamics because it provides essential information for understanding the coastal response to contemporary nature and anthropogenic impacts.

scholarly journals Long-term monitoring of the dredged material deposit sites in the Eastern Gulf of Finland

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
Alexander Chusov ◽  
Mikhail Shilin ◽  
George Gogoberidze ◽  
Nikolai Bobylev ◽  
Alexandra Ershova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zero Point ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Dredged Material ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Environmental Status ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Neva Bay

The goal of the paper is summarizing the results of the 20-years monitoring of the deposit sites of the dredged material in the Eastern Gulf of Finland (EGoF) and in the Neva Bay. The biotic and abiotic components of deposit sites ecosystems were observed there in 1999-2019, with using standard monitoring methods, in order to reveal effects of dumping on hydrobiologic communities and to determine their environmental status. The Biota Condition Index for 6 deposit sites was calculated and compared to areas which are not stressed by dumping. It is shown that the biological communities (especially – benthic) in the deposit sites areas are enormous not-sustainable and start their succession from the zero point every time after repeating stressing effect of dumping.

THE ROLE OF REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR COASTAL ZONE MONITIORING AND MANAGEMENT (CASE STUDY FOR THE EAST PART OF GULF OF FINLAND)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikifor Ostanin ◽  
Nikifor Ostanin
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data

Coastal zone of the Eastern Gulf of Finland is subjected to essential natural and anthropogenic impact. The processes of abrasion and accumulation are predominant. While some coastal protection structures are old and ruined the problem of monitoring and coastal management is actual. Remotely sensed data is important component of geospatial information for coastal environment research. Rapid development of modern satellite remote sensing techniques and data processing algorithms made this data essential for monitoring and management. Multispectral imagers of modern high resolution satellites make it possible to produce advanced image processing, such as relative water depths estimation, sea-bottom classification and detection of changes in shallow water environment. In the framework of the project of development of new coast protection plan for the Kurortny District of St.-Petersburg a series of archival and modern satellite images were collected and analyzed. As a result several schemes of underwater parts of coastal zone and schemes of relative bathymetry for the key areas were produced. The comparative analysis of multi-temporal images allow us to reveal trends of environmental changes in the study areas. This information, compared with field observations, shows that remotely sensed data is useful and efficient for geospatial planning and development of new coast protection scheme.

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