scholarly journals The decline of the Greek myth of man and being

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 554-567
Author(s):  
Feodor I. Girenok ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Greek Myth ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Inner Self ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

Modern philosophy is forced to return to the question of “what is philosophy?” Does it need to be understood as the science of being or a science about man? M. Heidegger believes that philosophy is the science of being and refers to Parmenides. R. M. Rilke, as a poet, is closest to the point of view of I. Kant, according to which philosophy is anthropology. The article analyzes the attitude of Heidegger to Parmenides’ poem “Оn Nature” and concludes that Heidegger did not express his attitude to the fork of two ways of man in Parmenides’ philosophy: the way of understanding being and the way of understanding the ghostly, that is, the existence of man. Parmenides chose the path of being, and Heidegger supported him. However, on this path it is impossible to talk about the fundamental difference between man and animal. It is also impossible to raise the question of what is a man. The path of ontology leads to the coincidence of the human and non-human. In this regard, the article analyzes the attitude of Heidegger to the poetry of Rilke. Heidegger understands man as being. Rilke sees the essence of a man not in the fact that he owns a word, but in the fact that he is addressed to his inner self. The article shows that Heidegger distorted the position of Rilke, identifying his poetry with the philosophy of the subject in modern times. The author comes to the conclusion that Rilke is outside the limits of western thinking, according to which man is included in the structure of existence, and the human and non-human do not differ. Rilke’s poetry, in the author’s opinion, is the source of new thinking that proceeds from the fact that the human and non-human do not fundamentally coincide. Man dreams, the animal evolves.

Touching Photographs: Roland Barthes's ''Mistaken'' Identification

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Olin
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Response ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Child ◽  
Camera Lucida ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Intimate Relation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mistaken Identification ◽  
The Way

IN CAMERA LUCIDA, ROLAND BARTHES'S subject is the significance of photography's defining characteristic: the photograph's inseparable relation to its subject, that which ''must have been'' in front of the camera's lens. Or so it would seem. The present reading of Camera Lucida argues that Barthes's essay actually shows photography's nature as dependent not only on the intimate relation to its object, commonly termed ''indexical,'' but in accord with its relation to its user, its beholder. An examination of Barthes's encounters with photographs in Camera Lucida reveals the way in which identification and misidentification figure into the viewing of images, and suggests that contact between the beholder and the photograph actually eclipses the relation between the photograph and its subject. Barthes's focus on the emotional response of the viewer disguises the fact that he misidentified key details in Camera Lucida's photographs, most significantly in a 1927 portrait by James Van Der Zee and in the ''Winter Garden Photograph.'' This latter photograph of Barthes's recently deceased mother as a small child is famously not illustrated in the book. This essay argues that it is fictional. These ''mistakes'' suggest that Camera Lucida undermines its ostensible basis in indexicality. The subject did not have to be in front of the camera after all. The present rereading of the text from this point of view articulates a notion of performativity according to which the nature of the contact that exists between the image and the viewer informs the way an image is understood. Barthes's desire to find his mother again through her photograph to a large extent acts out his desire to re(per)form and make permanent his relation to her, a desire that he elucidates in the process of describing his search for her picture and his reaction to it when he finds it. This performative element is charged with identification; the person the narrator (Barthes) seeks, in his mother, is himself. A close analysis of the ''Winter Garden Photograph,'' as described by Barthes, shows how performances of identification are inscribed with gender and familial configurations.

What is a “difficult poem”? Towards a definition

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Yaron
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Text Comprehension ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Communicative Acts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Poetic Texts ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

AbstractModern poetry developed and transformed difficulty into a prominent aesthetic norm of poetry. The abundance of difficult poetic texts necessitates a study of the corpus. After differentiating between the way difficulty is perceived in poetry and in other communicative acts, I present the approach that I have adopted for the purpose of studying difficult poetry. In contrast to other studies which have examined difficulty from the author's perspective and, as a consequence, described factors that cause textual difficulty, I propose to examine the subject from the reader's point of view. The reader, after all, is the one who feels or does not feel the difficulty. The concept ‘difficult poem’ is necessarily interdisciplinary and the question of what is “difficult” involves cognitive psychology and its models of text comprehension. Following a discussion of these domains, I present the “definition” that I propose for the ‘difficult poem’.

scholarly journals A Tutela do Animal Doméstico no Âmbito das Constituições Federais Brasileiras de 1824 a 1988

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
Nilsen Aparecida Vieira Marcondes
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Continuous Development ◽  
Exotic Animals ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

Objetiva-se discutir neste breve intróito retrospectivo de revisão de normatizações constitucionais pátrias a tutela do animal doméstico. Esta síntese reflexiva sobre a tutela do animal doméstico brasileiro no âmbito constitucional se apresenta quanto à forma de abordagem do assunto, como qualitativo, no que tange a modalidade investigativa como básico, do ponto de vista de seus objetivos, como descritivo, com relação aos procedimentos técnicos, qualifica-se como documental e bibliográfico. Conclui-se que os delineamentos, os limites, bem como os avanços na conquista da tutela animal e consequentemente do animal doméstico demonstram o quanto o reconhecimento de tal questão é socialmente construído. Além disso, a expansão, a solidificação e o desenvolvimento contínuo também da vida humana e da sociedade implicam necessariamente na preservação e na ampliação de acesso um direito fundamental nominalmente reconhecido pela Constituição Federal de 1988 como direito ao ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado no qual se insere evidentemente a fauna, ou seja, os animais domésticos, domesticados, silvestres e exóticos. Palavras-chave: Animal Doméstico. Tutela. Constituições Federais. Brasil.  AbstractThe objective of this brief retrospective introjective review of constitutional norms is to discuss the protection of domestic animals. This reflexive synthesis about the protection of the Brazilian domestic animal in the constitutional scope presents itself as to the way of approaching the subject, as qualitative, in what refers to the research modality as basic, from the point of view of its objectives, as descriptive, with respect to the procedures technicians, qualifies as documentary and bibliographical. It is concluded that the delineations, the limits, as well as the advances in the conquest of the animal guardianship and consequently of the domestic animal demonstrate how much the recognition of such question is socially constructed. In addition, the expansion, solidification and continuous development of human life and society necessarily imply the preservation and expansion of access to a fundamental right nominally recognized by the Federal Constitution of 1988 as a right to an environmentally balanced environment in which the animal, domesticated, wild and exotic animals. Keywords: Domestic Animals. Guardianship. Federal Constitutions. Brasil.

Operational Flying

1947 ◽  
Vol 51 (442) ◽  
pp. 831-850
Author(s):  
F. M. A. Torrens–Spence
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Topical Interest ◽  
The Way

The title “Operational Flying” gives considerable latitude, although a title such as “Naval Air Operations” would be more descriptive. I propose to spend rather less than half my time talking about operations with which I was personally connected. One reason for this is that my experience of firstline flying did not extend beyond the end of 1941 and therefore can hardly be considered to be of topical interest.After that I will say something on the subject of Naval air operations as a whole. I will also touch on such points as ship-based flying from the pilot's point of view; the way in which the carrier is fitted in as part of the fleet; the relative merits of ship– and shore-based aircraft in different circumstances; the so–called vulnerability of the carrier; and finally, a brief outline of the current types of aircraft in service and. of the capacity of a typical carrier from which they would operate.

scholarly journals Soviet Modernity: Stephen Kotkin and the Bolshevik Predicament

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA KRYLOVA
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Master Narratives ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Collective Property ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

‘Modernity’ has long been a working category of historical analysis in Russian and Soviet studies. Like any established category, it bears a history of its own characterised by founding assumptions, conceptual possibilities and lasting interpretive habits. Stephen Kotkin's work has played a special role in framing the kind of scholarship this category has enabled and the kind of modernity it has assigned to twentieth-century Russia. Kotkin's 1995Magnetic Mountainintroduced the concept of ‘socialist modernity’. His continued work with the concept in his 2001Kritikaarticle ‘Modern Times’ and his 2001Armageddon Avertedmarked crucial moments in the history of the discipline and have positioned the author as a pioneering and dominant voice on the subject for nearly two decades. Given the defining nature of Kotkin's work, a critical discussion of its impact on the way the discipline conceives of Soviet modernisation and presents it to non-Russian fields is perhaps overdue. Here, I approach Kotkin's work on modernity as the field's collective property in need of a critical, deconstructive reading for its underlying assumptions, prescribed master narratives, and resultant paradoxes.

scholarly journals Educación a distancia y aprendizaje personalizado adaptativo

2019 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Agustín Francisco Gutiérrez-Tornés ◽  
Alejandro Canales-Cruz ◽  
Juana Inés Zambrano-Dávila
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Methodological Problem ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
New Information ◽  
Educación A Distancia ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Real Challenge ◽  
The Way

The present work is situated in the field of virtual distance education and more specifically in one of the technologies, whose use has increased exponentially. They are the recommendation systems, which are now used in education as a complementary support in the platforms designed to provide learning resources in a more personalized way. The way in which students perceive, codify, remember, understand and solve problems is different between each one. This task has proved a real challenge, both logistic and theoretical, and the arrival of new information technologies is emerging as the most promising option to project and carry it out. The investigations that have been carried out specifically in the subject show a very marked methodological problem. The way in which its effect has been evaluated, especially in relation to the learning process, has not been from any point of view, rigorous or exhaustive. In general, they only resort to obtaining opinions from students about how they perceive that the use of such systems benefited this process. It seems important to know in greater depth and precision the way in which learning is enhanced with this specific form of technology.

Logic: A Very Short Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Priest
Keyword(s):  
Decision Theory ◽  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Formal Logic ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Technical Terms ◽  
The Way

Logic is often perceived as having little to do with the rest of philosophy, and even less to do with real life. Logic: A Very Short Introduction shows how wrong this conception is. It explores the philosophical roots of the subject, explaining how modern formal logic deals with issues ranging from the existence of God and the reality of time to paradoxes of probability and decision theory. Along the way, the basics of formal logic are explained in simple, non-technical terms, showing that logic is a powerful and exciting part of modern philosophy. It also covers the subjects of algorithms and axioms, and proofs in mathematics.

Interactioneel Leraarsgedrag In Relatie Tot Het Schoolvak

1984 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 52-69
Author(s):  
Th. Wubbels ◽  
H.A. Créton ◽  
H.P. Hooymayers
Keyword(s):  
System Theory ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Teacher Behaviour ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Teacher Trainers ◽  
The Way

In this paper we describe findings concerning a limited part of teacher behaviour namely relational skills. These skills are of vital importance if a teacher is to create a good classroom atmosphere. On the basis of theories of Leary (1957) and Watzlawick et al. (1968) we have constructed a model that describes relational aspects of teacher behaviour. This model focusses on teacher behaviour as revealed in teacher pupil interactions. These interactions are analysed by means of the system theory of communication. We have investigated teacher behaviour as observed by teachers and pupils, with the help of an instrument called 'The Questionnaire for Interactional Teacher Behaviour'. It is found that from the pupils' point of view good teachers are distinguished from bad teachers by the amount of kindness and understanding they show, their helpfulness and the way they manage a class. We also investigated the behaviour that teachers themselves wish to display. They agree about the need to be kind, helpful and understanding but differ in the amount of strict behaviour they want to display and in the amount of freedom and independence they want to give to pupils. We also investigated with this questionnaire the teacher behaviour of teachers who teach different subjects. It is found that pupils consider modern language teachers in particular to behave differently from other teachers; they are stricter, less kind and give less independence to pupils. This different behaviour of modern language teachers may be due to the structure of the subject matter, or to the way in which languages are taught at universities to future teachers. We think teacher trainers should be concerned with our findings because when teachers, and particularly language teachers, become older they seem to have increasing difficulty in creating and maintaining an adequate relationship with their pupils.

PN: Horace is caught up in this web of imagined plots, whereas Helen and Gwen function with ‘no plan, no plot’ (C, 160), they pursue no ideal or truth, they are a ‘new breed’ (C, 147). Again it seems relevant that Horace tries to understand Helen in terms of ‘some family tragedy’ (C, 97), and that the graffiti in her room reads ‘OEDIPUS WRECKS’. Has the ‘new breed’ achieved some sort of freedom from the Oedipal guilt-trip? LT: This is from Horace’s point of view… PN: He’s trying to embed them in an Oedipal plot that the reader can see they somehow evade. Especially in Helen’s case because she does disappear. LT: She disappears and we don’t know what her history is. We do know in the sense that everyone has a father or mother, we know there’s an Oedipal drama. Can we avoid that? No. The question is how do you work with that in a story. How conscious of that are you in your own story-telling and in your life? PN: Horace says, ‘I also believed that in our souls we were in deep and profound unity…she was, I assumed, like me’ (C, 148). But the reader knows they really have nothing in common, and Horace’s fantasy about Helen’s ‘special androgynous quality’ (C, 148) is actually more Platonic than it is postmodern… LT: One of the problems in Horace’s life is that he would believe that he should not experience any kind of lack. He would think that there was a wholeness there for him to have. Whereas, in my mind, a Helen or a Gwen would understand that that’s always an illusion. Let’s say, no cure. PN: Are you suggesting some sort of fundamental difference between this fantasy of androgyny—as original, prior to sexual difference— and the sort of thing Warhol and the Factory explored? Gwen, for example, ‘admires Warhol precisely because of the falsity of his work, which actually makes it true, to her way of seeing and thinking, which is not mine’ (C, 155). LT: I subscribe more to a notion of bisexuality than to one of androgyny. I was also trying to think about homosexuality not as a fixed sexual position, so that a man who was a homosexual could also have desire for a woman at some moment, just the way a heterosexual man might have a desire for homosexual experience. Desire is pretty wild, and can move around, and be very unsettling. Horace wants to think she’s androgynous rather than thinking that he might be more bisexual—unfixed—than he thinks. In other words, rather than seeing it—instability—in himself he’s seeing it in her.

2005 ◽  
pp. 61-61
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Story Telling ◽  
Sexual Position ◽  
The Way

Vasily Polenov: Conversation with the Soul

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Natalya N. Rostova
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Landscape Painting ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

The article examines the work of Vasily Polenov. The author presents Polenov’s artistic path as the dramatic choice between what is commonly called genre and landscape painting. From the philosophical point of view, the problem consists in concept of understanding art. On the one hand, the essence of art can be reduced to «what», to writing a story, a big sense. On the other hand, art can be understood as «painting for painting’s sake». In this sense, the tension in Polenov’s work arises between the paintings «Moscow Courtyard» and «Christ and the Sinner». The author notes that the way out of this dilemma is to understand art as the subject that reflects the non-objectifiable and devoid of anything essence. The article analyzes the philosophical meaning of Polenov’s paintings of the gospel cycle and provides a philosophical analysis of the artist’s nostalgic paintings. The author comes to the conclusion that Polenov’s paintings are the form that establishes an emotionally experiencing human being

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