The use of Satellite Imagery in Investigating the Dynamics of the Ice and Snow Cover Lake Baikal

The generation and sample applications of a set of multispectral remotely sensed products for investigations of Lake Baikal's ice cover variability are described. During the period from mid-January to the end of April, the lake is completely covered with ice, and by analyzing satellite information it is possible to investigate in detail the distribution and dynamics of the main types of snow and ice cover. Different ice cover classes and unfrozen water distributions are estimated from calibrated and navigated NOAA AVHRR 1.1-km imagery of Lake Baikal for January 1994 through May 1999. The processing strategy and characteristics of the products are reviewed. The utility of this type of multiparameter dataset for modelling applications and process studies is discussed. ERS SAR and Resurs images are used for detailed representation of different ice classes distributions.

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Seasonal variations in the properties and structural composition of sea ice and snow cover in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen Seas, Antarctica

Journal of Glaciology ◽

10.3189/s0022143000002902 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 43 (143) ◽

pp. 138-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. O. Jeffries ◽

K. Morris ◽

W.F. Weeks ◽

A. P. Worby

Keyword(s):

Sea Ice ◽

Isotopic Composition ◽

Snow Cover ◽

Sea Water ◽

Ice Cores ◽

Ice Cover ◽

Snow Accumulation ◽

Ice Formation ◽

Frazil Ice ◽

Core Sets

AbstractSixty-three ice cores were collected in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen Seas in August and September 1993 during a cruise of the R.V. Nathaniel B. Palmer. The structure and stable-isotopic composition (18O/16O) of the cores were investigated in order to understand the growth conditions and to identify the key growth processes, particularly the contribution of snow to sea-ice formation. The structure and isotopic composition of a set of 12 cores that was collected for the same purpose in the Bellingshausen Sea in March 1992 are reassessed. Frazil ice and congelation ice contribute 44% and 26%, respectively, to the composition of both the winter and summer ice-core sets, evidence that the relatively calm conditions that favour congelation-ice formation are neither as common nor as prolonged as the more turbulent conditions that favour frazil-ice growth and pancake-ice formation. Both frazil- and congelation-ice layers have an av erage thickness of 0.12 m in winter, evidence that congelation ice and pancake ice thicken primarily by dynamic processes. The thermodynamic development of the ice cover relies heavily on the formation of snow ice at the surface of floes after sea water has flooded the snow cover. Snow-ice layers have a mean thickness of 0.20 and 0.28 m in the winter and summer cores, respectively, and the contribution of snow ice to the winter (24%) and summer (16%) core sets exceeds most quantities that have been reported previously in other Antarctic pack-ice zones. The thickness and quantity of snow ice may be due to a combination of high snow-accumulation rates and snow loads, environmental conditions that favour a warm ice cover in which brine convection between the bottom and top of the ice introduces sea water to the snow/ice interface, and bottom melting losses being compensated by snow-ice formation. Layers of superimposed ice at the top of each of the summer cores make up 4.6% of the ice that was examined and they increase by a factor of 3 the quantity of snow entrained in the ice. The accumulation of superimposed ice is evidence that melting in the snow cover on Antarctic sea-ice floes ran reach an advanced stage and contribute a significant amount of snow to the total ice mass.

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Geospatially extracting snow and ice cover distribution in the cold arid zone of India

International Journal of Systems Assurance Engineering and Management ◽

10.1007/s13198-019-00883-w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (S1) ◽

pp. 84-99

Author(s):

Mahesh Kumar Gaur ◽

R. K. Goyal ◽

M. S. Raghuvanshi ◽

R. K. Bhatt ◽

M. Pandian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arid Zone ◽

Ice Cover ◽

Snow And Ice

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Influence of snow cover on the parameters flexural-gravity waves in ice cover

Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics ◽

10.1134/s0021894413030152 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 458-464 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. M. Kozin ◽

V. L. Zemlyak ◽

V. Yu. Vereshchagin

Keyword(s):

Snow Cover ◽

Gravity Waves ◽

Ice Cover ◽

Flexural Gravity Waves

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Monitoring of Aerosol Pollution of Snow Cover with Ground Based Observation Data and Satellite Information

Journal of Siberian Federal University Engineering & Technologies ◽

10.17516/1999-494x-2016-9-7-950-959 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 950-959

Author(s):

Anatoly A. Lezhenin ◽

◽

Tatyana V. Yaroslavtseva ◽

Vladimir F. Raputa ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Snow Cover ◽

Observation Data ◽

Satellite Information ◽

Aerosol Pollution

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Satellite-derived snow and ice cover in climate diagnostics studies

Advances in Space Research ◽

10.1016/0273-1177(85)90331-x ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 275-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chester F. Ropelewski

Keyword(s):

Ice Cover ◽

Snow And Ice

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Modelling Global Ice and Climate Changes Through the Ice Ages

Annals of Glaciology ◽

10.1017/s0260305500008193 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 23-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

W.F. Budd ◽

P. Rayner

Keyword(s):

Sea Ice ◽

Ice Sheets ◽

Ice Cover ◽

Balance Model ◽

Annual Variations ◽

Sensitivity Tests ◽

Mixed Layer Ocean ◽

Wide Range ◽

Sensitivity Studies ◽

Snow And Ice

A global energy balance model has been developed which includes an interactive mixed layer ocean, sea ice, and snow and ice cover on the land. A full annual cycle is included and the model provides a close simulation to the variation of surface temperature through the year over land and over ocean as a function of latitude. The present annual variations of sea ice and snow on the ground are also well simulated. The model has been used for a wide range of sensitivity tests which include variations of the solar constant, surface albedos, and the effects of feed-back, or absence of feed-back, in the reponse of the snow and ice cover. Studies have been made of the model’s response to the long term variations in the Earth’s Orbital characteristics such as changes in the perihelion, the obliquity and the eccentricity as well as various combined changes. Independent sensitivity studies of the response of the model to the presence of the large ice sheets in the northern hemisphere have also been carried out. A series of model runs have been performed to study climatic changes around the globe from 160 000 years Β.P. (Before Present) to the present. An examination is made of the impacts of the orbital changes alone, as well as with the feed-back from the large ice sheets.

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Radiation Transmittance through lake ice in the 400–700 nm Range

Journal of Glaciology ◽

10.3189/s0022143000011229 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 27 (95) ◽

pp. 57-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. J. Bolsenga

Keyword(s):

Snow Cover ◽

Ice Cover ◽

Atmospheric Conditions ◽

Lake Ice ◽

Solar Altitude ◽

Ice Surface ◽

New Information ◽

Cloudy Atmosphere ◽

Abrupt Changes ◽

Ann Arbor

AbstractSignificant new information on radiation transmittance through ice in the photosynthetically active range (400–700 nm) has been collected at an inland lake near Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A., and at one site on the Great Lakes (lat. 46° 46´ N., long. 84° 57´ W.). Radiation transmittance through clear, refrozen slush, and brash ice varied according to snow cover, ice type, atmospheric conditions, and solar altitude.Snow cover caused the greatest diminution of radiation. During periods of snow melt, radiation transmittance through snow-covered ice surfaces increased slightly. Moderate diurnal variations of radiation transmittance (about 5%) are attributed to solar altitude changes and associated changes in the direct- diffuse balance of solar radiation combined with the type of ice surface studied. Variations in radiation transmittance of nearly 20% over short periods of time are attributed to abrupt changes from a clear to a cloudy atmosphere.A two-layer reflectance–transmittance model illustrates the interaction of layers in an ice cover such as snow or frost overlying clear ice. Upper layers of high reflectance have considerable control on the overall transmittance and reflectance of an ice cover.

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