scholarly journals Challenges of WASH in remote Australian Indigenous communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Lansbury Hall
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
The Status ◽  
Access And Quality

Abstract Health and well-being are influenced by access and quality to safe drinking water, wastewater treatment, and hygiene practices and settings. This is recognised in the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals for water and health. As a signatory to the UN Goals, Australia has a commitment to ensure the access and quality of these resources is attained for all, including Indigenous Australians living in remote communities. This research sought to identify the status of water, sanitation and hygiene services within remote communities on mainland Australia. Interviews were conducted with representatives of organisations providing water, sanitation and/or hygiene to communities. The quality and access of WASH services in remote Indigenous communities were revealed in this research as lacking at times in many communities. The qualitative results indicate that drinking water supplies can be contaminated by microbes or naturally occurring chemicals, wastewater treatment can be poorly maintained with irregular monitoring, and the health of residents is negatively impacted by crowding in houses, which affects residents' ability to maintain healthy hygiene levels of people, clothing, bedding and infrastructure. Effective responses require a collaborative and systemic approach by the respective government agencies responsible that effectively partner with – and adequately fund – Indigenous communities to provide options that are ‘fit for purpose, place and people’.

scholarly journals Western Australia’s Remote Indigenous Communities: A Case Against Closures and a Call For New Governance

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asta Hill
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
New Governance ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
Aboriginal Communities ◽  
The Government

In the late 1970s thousands of Indigenous Australians initiated a movement back to the ancestral lands they had been removed from during the assimilationist era. Less than 50 years since their return to country, Aboriginal people living in Western Australia’s (WA) remote communities are again grappling with their impending redispossession. Wa Premier Colin Barnett’s announcement late last year was panic inducing: It is a problem that I do not want and the government does not want, but it is a reality. There are something like 274 Aboriginal communities in Western Australia—I think 150 or so of those are in the Kimberley itself—and they are not viable. They are not viable and they are not sustainable . . . I am foreshadowing that a number of communities are inevitably going to close.

scholarly journals Drinking water status in Nepal: an overview in the context of climate change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sharma ◽  
M. Baidya ◽  
P. Poudel ◽  
S. R. Panthi ◽  
R. P. Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Address Climate Change ◽  
Gray Literature ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
The Status ◽  
Remarkable Progress ◽  
Adaptation And Mitigation

Abstract Although Nepal has made remarkable progress in the water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) sector from past few decades, the status of WASH, in terms of climate change, is poorly documented and thus less known. This review aims to sum up WASH in climate change perspectives by reviewing available secondary data from published and gray literature. Climate change, and its impact on the WASH sector, is undeniable. Though many policies and laws are enforced to address climate change issues, very few policies and laws have incorporated climate change-resilient WASH as a priority. It is of current need to carry out action-based research studies on adaptation and mitigation of impact on the WASH sector, due to climate change, along with future eco-region interventions.

scholarly journals Diarrhoeal diseases and its relation to WaSH practices and MPN count among under-five children residing in Resettlement colony, Delhi

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-517
Author(s):  
Risa Vernette Nengminza Sangma ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Rasania ◽  
Joysula Gnani Prasuna ◽  
Ranjan Das ◽  
Manoj Jais
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Total Death ◽  
Diarrhoeal Diseases

Background: Globally, diarrhoeal diseases are the second leading cause of death among under 5 children and India alone accounts for 100,000 lives annually, third highest in the world. In low and middle-income countries, contaminated water has been the major source of diarrhoeal diseases and lack of improper WaSH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) practices accounts for 90% of the total death. Aims and Objective: To find out the burden of diarrhoea and its relation to WASH practices among children and mothers/care givers and Presumptive Coliform count of drinking water. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study conducted in Resettlement colony, Delhi. A total of 553 under 5 children were studied after attaining consent from mothers/care givers. MPN count per 100 ml was measured from drinking water storage vessel. Result: Prevalence of diarrhoea was found to be 40.70%, being higher among children aged between 13-24 months (57.3%). Out of the total water samples, 37% of samples were unsatisfactory, 36% suspicious and 22% satisfactory. None of the samples were found to be satisfactory. Lack of WaSH practices was observed among mother/care givers.  Conclusion: Understanding the factors influencing the occurrence of diarrhoeal diseases and drinking water quality will help reduce the burden of diarrhoeal diseases.

scholarly journals WASTE WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY IN SPACE

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
L.F. DOLYNA ◽  
O.K. NAHORNA ◽  
Y.O. ZHDAN ◽  
D.A. DOLYNA
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Standard Equipment ◽  
International Space ◽  
The Cost

Problem statement. The life support system of the International Space Station must include the provision of drinking water to the crew and the treatment and disposal of wastewater. The cost of water delivery to the ISS is very high, so it is necessary to improve the technological schemes of wastewater treatment in space in order to reuse water in a complete closed cycle. Methods. The studies were performed based on the analysis of Ukrainian and foreign scientific sources and reporting data on the specifics of water use at space stations and the treatment methods of the used waters (wastewaters). In addition to international experience, our own research was used to develop a technology for wastewater treatment in space. Scientific novelty. The authors of the article analyzed the operation of existing wastewater treatment facilities in space and made recommendations for their use at the ISS. The developed technology for the treatment of wastewater and drinking water in zero-gravity (space) is based on the use of various reactors. They can be made of various materials (metal, plastic, etc.); they do not contain non-standard equipment that requires factory manufacturing. Compactness, complete tightness and small dimensions of bio- and physicochemical reactors allow them to be installed within the ISS. The cleaning process is easy to manage and can be fully automated. Practical significance. Water problems are central to the whole world, including in space. The ISS should have a system for the wastewater treatment and their closed use, since the supply of new water to stations significantly increases the cost of space exploration. Quality water is the health and well-being of people in space. Since there is no gravity in space, centrifugal forces (centrifuges) must be used to separate suspended particles from water. Results. A comprehensive review of the issues related to wastewater treatment in space, allows us to conclude that it is necessary to regenerate water at International space stations (ISS). Indeed, to ensure the life support of the astronauts, a colossal amount of water is required, and its delivery to the ISS from the Earth is expensive.

scholarly journals Student Health and Well-Being in Indigenous Communities: “No One Is Healed Until Everyone Is Healed”

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Maggie MacDonnell
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
At Risk Youth ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
Drop Out Rate ◽  
School Drop Out ◽  
Mcgill University

In this interview, Maggie MacDonnell, recipient of the 2017 Global Teacher Prize, discusses how growing up near a First Nations reserve in Nova Scotia opened her eyes to inequalities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples in Canada. She talks about the influence of Moses Coady, who instilled in her an appreciation for co-operative development, and T’hohahoken Michael Doxtater, an Indigenous scholar at McGill University, whose message, “No one is healed until everyone is healed,” she did not fully appreciate until she began working in the Inuit village of Salluit. She describes the life situation of the youth living in this kind of closed community where addiction and violence often become part of their everyday experience. Her interventions with this group of at-risk youth have helped decrease the school drop-out rate, improve students’ work and social skills, and raise awareness about suicide prevention. She concludes by giving advice to teachers who may be interested in working with students in remote communities.

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Practices in Rural Area of Goa: A Cross-sectional Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Nilam Gaude ◽  
Archana Dessai
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene

Introduction: Access to water, sanitation and hygiene is a major challenge in developing nations and more among rural population. In India, Swachh Bharat Mission was launched with the objective to provide sanitation facilities and eliminate open defecation. Objective: To assess the existing facilities and practices related to drinking water, sanitation and hygiene among household members in the rural population of Goa. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of Rural Health and Training Centre, Mandur, Goa. Individuals aged ≥ 18 years were interviewed from 100 households by house to house visits using semi-structured questionnaire. Results: Out of 100 households, 87 (87.0%) were having piped water supply into dwelling, 5 (5.0%) were using public tap and 8 (8.0%) were using water from well. Majority of the households, i.e., 94 (94.0%) were using sanitary latrine for defecation, 1 (1.0%) had community toilet and 5 (5.0%) were practicing open field defecation. Closed container was used by 89(89.0%) of the households for storing drinking water and 96 (96.0%) were using soap and water for hand washing. Conclusion: This study revealed that overall water and sanitation practices among the study population were satisfactory. However, measures need to be taken to abolish some of the bad practices such as open defecation and drainage of waste water in the open which was seen in few participants.

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