Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Practices in Rural Area of Goa: A Cross-sectional Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Nilam Gaude ◽  
Archana Dessai
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene

Introduction: Access to water, sanitation and hygiene is a major challenge in developing nations and more among rural population. In India, Swachh Bharat Mission was launched with the objective to provide sanitation facilities and eliminate open defecation. Objective: To assess the existing facilities and practices related to drinking water, sanitation and hygiene among household members in the rural population of Goa. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of Rural Health and Training Centre, Mandur, Goa. Individuals aged ≥ 18 years were interviewed from 100 households by house to house visits using semi-structured questionnaire. Results: Out of 100 households, 87 (87.0%) were having piped water supply into dwelling, 5 (5.0%) were using public tap and 8 (8.0%) were using water from well. Majority of the households, i.e., 94 (94.0%) were using sanitary latrine for defecation, 1 (1.0%) had community toilet and 5 (5.0%) were practicing open field defecation. Closed container was used by 89(89.0%) of the households for storing drinking water and 96 (96.0%) were using soap and water for hand washing. Conclusion: This study revealed that overall water and sanitation practices among the study population were satisfactory. However, measures need to be taken to abolish some of the bad practices such as open defecation and drainage of waste water in the open which was seen in few participants.

scholarly journals Impact of Community-Led Total Sanitation and Hygiene on Prevalence of Diarrheal Disease and Associated Factors among Under-Five Children: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study in Selected Woredas of Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Agune Ashole Alto ◽  
Wanzahun Godana ◽  
Genet Gedamu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gamo Gofa

Background. Diarrheal diseases are still one of the major causes of morbidity in under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, diarrhea is responsible for 9% of all deaths and is the major cause of under-five mortality. Objective. To assess the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene on the prevalence of diarrheal disease and factors associated among under-five children in Gamo Gofa Zone. Methods. Community-based comparative cross-sectional study design was used to compare the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene intervention on under-five diarrheal disease. Multistage sampling method was employed. The data were collected by using pretested structured questionnaires. Data quality was ensured by daily supervision completeness and consistency. The data were coded, entered, and cleaned by using Epi Info version 7 and were analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were carried out by using binary logistic regression. Significance was declared by using p value of <0.05 and AOR with 95% confidence intervals. Results. The response rate of this study was 93.3%. The overall diarrhea prevalence was 27.5% (CI = (24.06, 30.97)) which was 18.9% (CI = (14.94, 23.2)) in implemented and 36.2%. (CI = (30.41, 41.59)) in nonimplemented woredas. Children whose age was between 12 and 23 months (AOR = 1.6) and greater than 24 months (AOR = 5), availability of handwashing facilities (AOR = 4), disposal of waste in open field (AOR = 9.7), unimproved source of drinking water (AOR = 6.5), using only water for handwashing (AOR = 6), children who started complementary feeding less than 6 months (AOR = 5.6) and greater than 6 months (AOR = 5.2), and utensils used to feed children such as bottle (AOR = 3.9) were the factors positively associated with diarrhea. Conclusion. The overall prevalence of under-five diarrhea was 27.5%. The prevalence was low in CLTSH woredas as compared with non-CLTSH woredas. The study showed that handwashing facility, using only water for handwashing, open refuse disposal, and unimproved source of drinking water among under-five had a statistically significant association with diarrhea occurrence in CLTSH nonimplemented areas. Integrated efforts are needed from the Ministry of Health together with the WASH Project in improving drinking water, handwashing facilities, and solid waste disposal practices.

scholarly journals Access to Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: A Cross-Sectional Study among the Maasai in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1535-1539
Author(s):  
Boniphace Jacob ◽  
Method Kazaura
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene

ABSTRACTSafe water supply, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) are among key components to prevent and control waterborne diseases such as cholera, schistosomiasis, and other gastrointestinal morbidities in the community. In 2018, there was cholera outbreak in Ngorongoro district that was fueled by inadequate and unsafe water as well as poor sanitation and hygiene. We used an analytical cross-sectional study first to determine the proportion of households with access to WaSH and second to assess factors associated with coverage of household’s access to WaSH. Methods included interviewing heads of the household to assess the availability of safe drinking water, use of unshared toilet/latrine by household members only, and the availability of functional handwashing facility. Eight percent of households had access to WaSH. Access to household’s WaSH was positively associated with household’s monthly income, education of heads of the household, and water use per person per week. To control water-related morbidities, there is a need to improve access to reliable safe drinking water, expand alternatives of households to earn more incomes, and enhance proper sanitation and hygiene services to rural areas and marginalized groups like the Maasai of Ngorongoro in Tanzania.

scholarly journals Diarrhoeal diseases and its relation to WaSH practices and MPN count among under-five children residing in Resettlement colony, Delhi

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-517
Author(s):  
Risa Vernette Nengminza Sangma ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Rasania ◽  
Joysula Gnani Prasuna ◽  
Ranjan Das ◽  
Manoj Jais
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Total Death ◽  
Diarrhoeal Diseases

Background: Globally, diarrhoeal diseases are the second leading cause of death among under 5 children and India alone accounts for 100,000 lives annually, third highest in the world. In low and middle-income countries, contaminated water has been the major source of diarrhoeal diseases and lack of improper WaSH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) practices accounts for 90% of the total death. Aims and Objective: To find out the burden of diarrhoea and its relation to WASH practices among children and mothers/care givers and Presumptive Coliform count of drinking water. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study conducted in Resettlement colony, Delhi. A total of 553 under 5 children were studied after attaining consent from mothers/care givers. MPN count per 100 ml was measured from drinking water storage vessel. Result: Prevalence of diarrhoea was found to be 40.70%, being higher among children aged between 13-24 months (57.3%). Out of the total water samples, 37% of samples were unsatisfactory, 36% suspicious and 22% satisfactory. None of the samples were found to be satisfactory. Lack of WaSH practices was observed among mother/care givers.  Conclusion: Understanding the factors influencing the occurrence of diarrhoeal diseases and drinking water quality will help reduce the burden of diarrhoeal diseases.

scholarly journals Drinking water hygiene practices in caregivers of under 6 year children: a cross sectional study in urban Lucknow, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 3829
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar Manar ◽  
Shivendra Kumar Singh ◽  
Prashant Kumar Bajpai ◽  
Shikhar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Water Container ◽  
Purification Methods ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Safe drinking water is the basic necessity for humans. Due to water borne diseases, most of the children get malnourished. The present study was conducted to know about knowledge and practices on drinking water hygiene and to find the association between knowledge and drinking water hygiene practices among caregivers of under 6 year children.Methods: It is a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in the field practice area of a medical college in urban Lucknow. We included 250 respondents in our study. The data were analyzed using Institutional SPSS-24.0 (IBM Corp., Chicago, USA).Results: The present study showed that about 91.6 percent of study participants showed concern about safe drinking water hygiene. About 90.8 percent of study participants thought that water container needs cleaning and about 95.6 percent thought that water container needs covering. Surprisingly 65.6 percent of the participants did not use any type of water purification method. People thought that they should use drinking water purification methods, but in reality, much less percentage (34.4%) of people in the study uses any type of purification method (p<0.001).Conclusions: Although most of the participants showed their concern about safe drinking water hygiene, purification, etc., most of them still do not use any purification methods putting their children are at risk of many diseases.

scholarly journals Water supply, sanitation and hygiene interventions and childhood diarrhea in Kersa and Omo Nada districts of Jimma Zone, Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Negasa Eshete Soboksa ◽  
Abebe Beyene Hailu ◽  
Sirak Robele Gari ◽  
Bezatu Mengistie Alemu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Childhood Diarrhea ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Jimma Zone ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Diarrhea is a major public health problem that disproportionately affects children in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Most of the diseases can be prevented through safe drinking water supply and provision of basic sanitation and hygiene. However, there is a paucity of information on childhood diarrhea related to interventions in kebeles (smallest administrative structure) where community-led total sanitation (CLTS) implemented and not implemented (non-CLTS). Thus, the aim of this study was to assess and compare the association of water supply, sanitation and hygiene interventions, and childhood diarrhea in CLTS implemented and non-implemented kebeles. Method A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Kersa and Omo Nada districts of Jimma Zone, Ethiopia from July 22 to August 9, 2018. Systematically selected 756 households with under-5 children were included in the study. Data were collected through interview using structured questionnaires. Water samples were collected in nonreactive borosilicate glass bottles. The binary logistic regression model was used; variables with a p value < 0.05 were considered as significantly associated with childhood diarrhea. Results The prevalence of childhood diarrhea in the past 2 weeks was 17.7% (95% CI: 13.9–21.5) in CLTS kebeles and 22.0% (95% CI: 17.8–26.2) in non-CLTS kebeles. The occurrence of childhood diarrhea, increased among children whose families did not treat drinking water at home compared to those who treated in both CLTS (AOR = 2.35; 95% CI: 1.02–05.98) and non-CLTS (AOR = 1.98; 95% CI: 0.82–4.78) kebeles. About 96% of households in CLTS and 91% of households in non-CLTS kebeles had pit latrine with and without superstructure. Children from families that used water and soap to wash their hands were 76% less likely to have diarrhea in CLTS kebeles (AOR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.31–1.88) and 54% less likely to have diarrhea in non-CLTS kebeles (AOR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.17–1.72) when compared to children from families who used only water. The odds of having diarrhea was 1.63 times higher among children whose families live in CLTS non-implemented kebeles compared to those children whose families live in CLTS implemented kebeles (AOR = 1.63; 95% CI: 0.98–2.68). Conclusions No significant difference was observed in the prevalence of childhood diarrhea between CLTS and non-CLTS kebeles.

scholarly journals Assessment of wash practices among women in urban slums of Berhampur, Odisha: a cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4846
Author(s):  
Radha Madhab Tripathy ◽  
Geeta Chand Acharya ◽  
Nivedita Karmee
Keyword(s):  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene

Background: Access to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) is a pre- condition for people to acquire good health, well-being and benefit from economic development. WASH constitutes both provision of water and sanitation facilities and hygiene promotion. The study objective is to assess the practices and existing perceptions of water, sanitation and hygiene among women in urban slums of Berhampur.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 400 women (households) residing in urban slums of Berhampur from August2016-January 2017 by simple random sampling. Data was collected using a predesigned pretested questionnaire.Results: Out of the total, 62.3% respondents depended on public tap as major source of drinking water , 31.5% purified water before drinking , 68.5% allowed water to stand for a day before use , 86.5% practiced hand wash before meal , 33.2% practiced open defecation, 7% and74% used soap and water for handwashing before meal and after defecation respectively, 68.3% threw liquid wastes haphazardly, 59.8% threw solid wastes haphazardly into drains, 78.5% respondents children had a history of diarrhoea in the past 6 months and 86.8% had flies menace in their houses.Conclusions: Components such as purification of water (31.5%), open defecation (33.2%), hand washing with soap and water before meal (7%), indiscriminate disposal of waste suggest a long way to go to achieve the targets of SDG -6. Adequate IEC activities are needed for effective WASH Strategy implementation.

A Cross-sectional Study of Undiagnosed Fever in a Rural Population at a Tertiary Care Hospital of West Bengal

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandini Chatterjee ◽  
Supratick Chakraborty ◽  
Mainak Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Sinjon Ghosh ◽  
Bikramjit Barkandaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Population ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional
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