scholarly journals Determinants of drinking-water quality and sanitary risk levels of water storages in food establishments of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aderajew Mekonnen Girmay ◽  
Sirak Robele Gari ◽  
Gebreab Teklebirhan Gessew ◽  
Mulumebet Tadesse Reta
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Food Outlets

Abstract The study aimed to assess the determinants of drinking-water quality and sanitary risk levels of water storage. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. One hundred and twenty-five drinking-water samples were collected directly from food outlets' drinking-water storages. Observational checklist was used to assess sanitary risk levels of the storages. Data analysis was conducted using multivariable logistic regression. Type of primary source of drinking-water, having continuous piped water, type of drinking-water storage equipment, drinking-water storage having a lid/cover, method of drinking-water drawn from the water storages, presence of any method of drinking-water treatment, and having functional hand-washing facility with soap near the toilet were identified as major determinant factors. This study revealed that nearly 30% of the food outlets' drinking-water was not microbiologically safe. As a result, these establishments could be a source of different health problems for their customers. In the study, many determinant factors that affect drinking-water quality of the food outlets were identified. As well, 16.3% and 18.7% of the food outlet drinking-water storages were grouped into high and very high contamination risk levels, respectively. Therefore, the existing regulatory body should force the food outlets to have effective hand-washing practices, clean, suitable drinking-water storage, and to avoid dipping practice.

scholarly journals Determinants of drinking-water quality and sanitary risk levels of water storages in food establishments of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aderajew Mekonnen Girmay ◽  
Sirak Robel Gari ◽  
Gebreab Teklebirhan Gessew ◽  
Mulumebet Tadesse Reta
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
Treated Drinking Water

Abstract Introduction: Clean and suitable drinking-water is a key component to enhance human health. However, obtaining safe and adequate water is limited in many developing countries. Besides, treated drinking-water are often contaminated at storages and point of use with contaminants and consumption of unclean water poses a great public health problem. This study aimed to assess the determinants of drinking-water quality and sanitary risk levels of water storages in food establishments of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. 125 food outlets were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Then, 125 drinking-water samples (250 from each) were collected directly from the food outlets drinking-water storages. Moreover, observational checklist was used to assess determinants of drinking-water quality and sanitary risk levels of the storages. Data analysis was conducted using multivariable logistic regression.Results: This study revealed that, 28.5% of the drinking-water was contaminated with fecal coliforms. Besides, based on WHO criteria, 16.3% and 18.7% of the food outlet drinking-water storages were grouped into high and very high contamination risk levels respectively. Seven (7) explanatory variables were identified as main determinant factors which significantly associated (p-value < 0.03) with the contaminated drinking-water. Conclusion: Most of the food establishments’ drinking-water was free from bacteriological contamination and safe from biological hazards. However, significant number of food establishments’ drinking-water storages had fecal contamination. In the study, many determinant factors that affect drinking-water quality of the food outlets were identified. Therefore, good sanitation and hygiene practice should be practiced at the food establishments. Besides, creation of awareness about drinking water contamination and its health risks should be done by concerned bodies.

scholarly journals Narrow-Mouthed Water Storage Vessels and in Situ Chlorination in a Bolivian Community: A Simple Method to Improve Drinking Water Quality

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Quick ◽  
Linda V. Venczel ◽  
Nancy H. Bean ◽  
Anita K. Highsmith ◽  
Erika H. De Hannover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Simple Method

Water quality aspects related to domestic drinking water storage tanks and consideration in current standards and guidelines throughout the world – a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-463
Author(s):  
Irene Slavik ◽  
Keila Roberta Oliveira ◽  
Peter Batista Cheung ◽  
Wolfgang Uhl
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
The World ◽  
Standards And Guidelines ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In many parts of the world, drinking water storage takes place in near-house or in-house tanks. This can impact drinking water quality considerably. International and numerous national standards and guidelines addressing the construction, installation and operation of domestic drinking water storage tanks are reviewed on their consideration of water quality aspects and the minimisation of health risks associated with drinking water storage. Several national and international standards and guidelines are reviewed in terms of drinking water quality requirements. Factors that have an impact on water quality in relation to the use of domestic drinking water storage tanks are summarised comprehensively. The impact of the domestic storage of drinking water on water quality, the points and locations of use, their positioning, the materials they are made of, their design and operation, as well as aspects of how they are operated and maintained is outlined and discussed in detail. Finally, the incorporation of aspects regarding water quality in drinking water storage tanks in standards and guidelines is presented and assessed. To make the use of domestic drinking water storage tanks safer and more efficient, recommendations for modifications, improvements and extensions of respective standards are made.

scholarly journals Assessing Drinking Water Quality at the Point of Collection and within Household Storage Containers in the Hilly Rural Areas of Mid and Far-Western Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2172 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Daniel ◽  
Arnt Diener ◽  
Jack van de Vossenberg ◽  
Madan Bhatta ◽  
Sara J. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Storage Containers

Accurate assessments of drinking water quality, household hygenic practices, and the mindset of the consumers are critical for developing effective water intervention strategies. This paper presents a microbial quality assessment of 512 samples from household water storage containers and 167 samples from points of collection (POC) in remote rural communities in the hilly area of western Nepal. We found that 81% of the stored drinking water samples (mean log10 of all samples = 1.16 colony-forming units (CFU)/100 mL, standard deviation (SD) = 0.84) and 68% of the POC samples (mean log10 of all samples = 0.57 CFU/100 mL, SD = 0.86) had detectable E. coli. The quality of stored water was significantly correlated with the quality at the POC, with the majority (63%) of paired samples showing a deterioration in quality post-collection. Locally applied household water treatment (HWT) methods did not effectively improve microbial water quality. Among all household sanitary inspection questions, only the presence of livestock near the water storage container was significantly correlated with its microbial contamination. Households’ perceptions of their drinking water quality were mostly influenced by the water’s visual appearance, and these perceptions in general motivated their use of HWT. Improving water quality within the distribution network and promoting safer water handling practices are proposed to reduce the health risk due to consumption of contaminated water in this setting.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of large household water storage tanks for protecting the quality of drinking water

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay P. Graham ◽  
James VanDerslice
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Delivery ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Total Coliforms

Many communities along the US-México border remain without infrastructure for water and sewage. Residents in these communities often collect and store their water in open 55-gallon drums. This study evaluated changes in drinking water quality resulting from an intervention that provided large closed water storage tanks (2,500-gallons) to individual homes lacking a piped water supply. After the intervention, many of the households did not change the source of their drinking water to the large storage tanks. Therefore, water quality results were first compared based on the source of the household's drinking water: store or vending machine, large tank, or collected from a public supply and transported by the household. Of the households that used the large storage tank as their drinking water supply, drinking water quality was generally of poorer quality. Fifty-four percent of samples collected prior to intervention had detectable levels of total coliforms, while 82% of samples were positive nine months after the intervention (p &lt; 0.05). Exploratory analyses were also carried out to measure water quality at different points between collection by water delivery trucks and delivery to the household's large storage tank. Thirty percent of the samples taken immediately after water was delivered to the home had high total coliforms (&gt;10 CFU/100 ml). Mean free chlorine levels dropped from 0.43 mg/l, where the trucks filled their tanks, to 0.20 mg/l inside the household's tank immediately after delivery. Results of this study have implications for interventions that focus on safe water treatment and storage in the home, and for guidelines regarding the level of free chlorine required in water delivered by water delivery trucks.

Household Water Storage Management, Hygiene Practices, and Associated Drinking Water Quality in Rural India

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 4963-4973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. McGuinness ◽  
Joanne O’Toole ◽  
S. Fiona Barker ◽  
Andrew B. Forbes ◽  
Thomas B. Boving ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Storage Management ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Household Water

EVALUATION ON THE RURAL DRINKING WATER QUALITY IN A CENTRALIZED SUPPLIED AREA OF CHINA

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendong Wang ◽  
Shan Song ◽  
Zixia Qiao ◽  
Qin Yang ◽  
Mengmeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Drinking Water Quality

Drinking-Water Quality and Intestinal Infectious Diseases in a Colombian Department, 2010-2016

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Dora Cardona Rivas ◽  
Militza Yulain Cardona Guzmán ◽  
Olga Lucía Ocampo López
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Health Organization

Objective: To characterize the burden of intestinal infectious diseases attributable to drinking-water quality in 27 municipalities in the central region of Colombia. Materials and methods: A time-trend ecological study. The drinking-water quality of the National Institute of Health and the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies was identified. The disease burden was calculated based on the mortality registered in the National Department of Statistics and the records of morbidity attended by the Social Protection Integrated Information System. The etiological agents reported in morbidity records and the observation of environmental conditions in the municipalities of the study were included. The disease burden was determined according to the methodology recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document