scholarly journals Calculation method of short-duration rainstorm intensity formula considering nonstationarity of rainfall series: impacts on the simulation of urban drainage system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zening Wu ◽  
Shifeng Liu ◽  
Huiliang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Rainfall Series ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Simulation Performance

Abstract The changing nature of the earth's climate and rapid urbanization lead to the change of rainfall characteristics in urban areas, the stability of rainfall series is destroyed and it is a difficult challenge to consider this change in urban drainage simulation. A generalized additive model (GAMLSS) with time as covariant was established to calculate and predict the design values of extreme rainstorm return period, and the nonstationary short-duration rainstorm intensity formula of three periods was fitted and compared with the stationary formula. The urban water simulation model and the Mike 21 two-dimensional surface flow model are coupled to simulate the urban flood under different formulas and different return periods. The results show that the nonstationary results are worse in the same period. In the 5-year return period rainfall–runoff simulation performance, the nonstationary inundation area is 18.5% more than the stationary, and inundation water is 23.5% more than the stationary. The nonstationary simulation results show higher inundation depth and slower flood recession process. These gaps will widen in the future, but they will become less significant as the return period increases. It can provide a reference for the study of flood control work and the design of existing drainage infrastructure in the region.

scholarly journals Calculation Method of Short Duration Rainstorm Intensity Formula Considering Non-Stationarity of Rainfall Series: Impacts on Simulation of Urban Drainage System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zening Wu ◽  
Shifeng Liu ◽  
Huiliang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Rainfall Series ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Mike Flood ◽  
Flood Volume ◽  
Flood Model

Abstract The changing nature of the earth's climate and rapid urbanization lead to the change of rainfall characteristics in urban areas, and the stability of rainfall series is destroyed, it is a difficult challenge to consider this change in urban drainage simulation. A variety of methods are used to test the stationarity of annual maximum rainfall intensity series of Zhengzhou meteorological station from 1981 to 2010, and the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves of changing environment are fitted by GAMLSS model and further generalized into short duration rainstorm intensity formula. The 3-hour design rainstorm in different scenarios was used as the input of Mike Flood model to simulate the operation of the campus drainage system of Zhengzhou University. Results indicated that: The rainfall series is non-stationary and has an increasing trend. Although the parameters of the short duration rainstorm intensity formula have no fixed change rules, there are traces to follow in the design rainstorm. According to Mike Flood model, the non-stationary scenario provides a series of dangerous signals such as more flood volume, larger inundation area, higher flood depth and slower recession process. The flood volume of the non-stationary scenario is 23.5% more than that of the stationary scenario, and the inundated area is 18.5% more when the return period is 5 years. In the future, the difference is 34.0% and 24.6% respectively, and it can reach more than 50% when the return period is once in two years. We will discuss the non-stationarity and challenges brought about by changing environments.

scholarly journals A simple 2-D inundation model for incorporating flood damage in urban drainage planning

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 3061-3097 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pathirana ◽  
S. Tsegaye ◽  
B. Gersonius ◽  
K. Vairavamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Numerical Scheme ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Model Code ◽  
Inundation Model

Abstract. In this paper a new inundation model code is developed and coupled with Storm Water Management Model, SWMM, to relate spatial information associated with urban drainage systems as criteria for planning of storm water drainage networks. The prime objective is to achive a model code that is simple and fast enough to be consistently be used in planning stages of urban drainage projects. The formulation for the two-dimensional (2-D) surface flow model algorithms is based on the Navier Stokes equation in two dimensions. An Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) finite difference numerical scheme is applied to solve the governing equations. This numerical scheme is used to express the partial differential equations with time steps split into two halves. The model algorithm is written using C++ computer programming language. This 2-D surface flow model is then coupled with SWMM for simulation of both pipe flow component and surcharge induced inundation in urban areas. In addition, a damage calculation block is integrated within the inundation model code. The coupled model is shown to be capable of dealing with various flow conditions, as well as being able to simulate wetting and drying processes that will occur as the flood flows over an urban area. It has been applied under idealized and semi-hypothetical cases to determine detailed inundation zones, depths and velocities due to surcharged water on overland surface.

scholarly journals Modelling the ability of source control measures to reduce inundation risk in a community-scale urban drainage system

2018 ◽  
Vol 379 ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Mei ◽  
Jiahong Liu ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Weiwei Shao ◽  
Lin Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Drainage System

Abstract. Urban inundation is a serious challenge that increasingly confronts the residents of many cities, as well as policymakers, in the context of rapid urbanization and climate change worldwide. In recent years, source control measures (SCMs) such as green roofs, permeable pavements, rain gardens, and vegetative swales have been implemented to address flood inundation in urban settings, and proven to be cost-effective and sustainable. In order to investigate the ability of SCMs on reducing inundation in a community-scale urban drainage system, a dynamic rainfall-runoff model of a community-scale urban drainage system was developed based on SWMM. SCMs implementing scenarios were modelled under six design rainstorm events with return period ranging from 2 to 100 years, and inundation risks of the drainage system were evaluated before and after the proposed implementation of SCMs, with a risk-evaluation method based on SWMM and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Results show that, SCMs implementation resulting in significantly reduction of hydrological indexes that related to inundation risks, range of reduction rates of average flow, peak flow, and total flooded volume of the drainage system were 28.1–72.1, 19.0–69.2, and 33.9–56.0 %, respectively, under six rainfall events with return periods ranging from 2 to 100 years. Corresponding, the inundation risks of the drainage system were significantly reduced after SCMs implementation, the risk values falling below 0.2 when the rainfall return period was less than 10 years. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of SCMs on mitigating inundation, and quantified the potential of SCMs on reducing inundation risks in the urban drainage system, which provided scientific references for implementing SCMs for inundation control of the study area.

scholarly journals Development of Resilience Index Based on Flooding Damage in Urban Areas

Water ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eui Lee ◽  
Joong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Damage Analysis ◽  
Damage Functions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Resilience Index ◽  
Flooding Depth

Flooding volume in urban areas is not linearly proportional to flooding damage because, in some areas, no flooding damage occurs until the flooding depth reaches a certain point, whereas flooding damage occurs in other areas whenever flooding occurs. Flooding damage is different from flooding volume because each subarea has different components. A resilience index for urban drainage systems was developed based on flooding damage. In this study, the resilience index based on flooding damage in urban areas was applied to the Sintaein basin in Jeongup, Korea. The target watershed was divided into five subareas according to the status of land use in each subarea. The damage functions between flooding volume and flooding damage were calculated by multi-dimensional flood damage analysis. The extent of flooding damage per minute was determined from the results of flooding volume per minute using damage functions. The values of the resilience index based on flooding damages were distributed from 0.797292 to 0.933741. The resilience index based on flooding damage suggested in this study can reflect changes in urban areas and can be used for the evaluation of flood control plans such as the installation, replacement, and rehabilitation of drainage facilities.

scholarly journals Return period assessment of urban pluvial floods through modelling of rainfall–flood response

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Murla Tuyls ◽  
Søren Thorndahl ◽  
Michael R. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Flood Impacts ◽  
Urban Drainage Systems ◽  
Flood Estimation ◽  
Flood Response ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Intense rainfall in urban areas can often generate severe flood impacts. Consequently, it is crucial to design systems to minimize potential flood damages. Traditional, simple design of urban drainage systems assumes agreement between rainfall return period and its consequent flood return period; however, this does not always apply. Hydraulic infrastructures found in urban drainage systems can increase system heterogeneity and perturb the impact of severe rainfall response. In this study, a surface flood return period assessment was carried out at Lystrup (Denmark), which has received the impact of flooding in recent years. A 35 years' rainfall dataset together with a coupled 1D/2D surface and network model was used to analyse and assess flood return period response. Results show an ambiguous relation between rainfall and flood return periods indicating that linear rainfall–runoff relationships will, for the analysed case study, be insufficient for flood estimation. Simulation-based mapping of return periods for flood area and volume has been suggested, and moreover, a novel approach has been developed to map local flood response time and relate this to rainfall characteristics. This approach allows to carefully analyse rainfall impacts and flooding response for a correct flood return period assessment in urban areas.

scholarly journals Kajian Evaluasi Sistem Drainase Jalan Srikoyo Kecamatan Patrang Kabupaten Jember (Evaluation of Drainage System in Jalan Srikoyo Kecamatan Patrang Kabupaten Jember)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Rusyidina Tamimi ◽  
Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Entin Hidayah
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Water Logging ◽  
Drainage Channels ◽  
Discharge Modeling

AbstractThe water logging or even flood always occurs on Srikoyo road in every rainy season. The condition emerges because of the imbalance between the number of rainwater catchment area and the rapid increase of residential areas. Besides, the drainage channels along the road of Srikoyo are not sufficient enough to hold rainwater well. The process of evaluation is done by applying the method of hydrological analysis to determine the maximum discharge modeling used for evaluating the capacity of the existing drainage channels. The output of the hydrology analysis calculation comes up in rainfall intensity which is required as the data input for SWMM modeling. SWMM modeling is used in this evaluation since it is a model of rainfall-runoff simulation which is used for simulating both quantity and quality of the surface runoff of urban areas. The result of the evaluation using the software SWMM suggests that there are several number of water logging during the return period of 1, 2, 5, and 10 years. There are 3 areas encounter flood in the return period of 1 year, 10 areas in the return period of 2 years, 18 areas in the return period of 5 years, and 19 areas in the return period of 10 years.Keywords: SWMM, Flooding, Drainage, Evaluation AbstrakPada musim penghujan Jalan Srikoyo selalu tergenangi air. Terjadinya genangan di Jalan Srikoyo diakibatkan oleh area resapan air hujan tidak seimbang dengan pesatnya wilayah pemukiman. Selain itu, saluran drainase di sepanjang ruas Jalan Srikoyo kurang memadai dan tidak dapat berfungsi dengan baik untuk menampung air hujan. Dengan adanya permasalahan ini dilakukan proses evaluasi, evaluasi ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode analisis hidrologi untuk menentukan debit pemodelan maksimal yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kapasitas saluran drainase yang ada. Dimana output perhitungan analisis hidrologi berupa intensitas hujan yang diperlukan sebagai data inputan untuk pemodelan SWMM. SWMM digunakan dalam evaluasi ini dikarenakan SWMM merupakan model simulasi hujan-aliran (rainfall-runoff) yang digunakan untuk mensimulasikan kuantitas maupun kualitas limpasan permukaan dari daerah perkotaan. Dari evaluasi menggunakan software SWMM, pada kala ulang 1 tahun didapatkan 3 node lokasi banjir, kala ulang 2 tahun didapatkan 10 node lokasi banjir, kala ulang 5 tahun didapatkan 18 node lokasi banjir dan kala ulang 10 tahun didapatkan 19 node lokasi banjir.Kata kunci: SWMM, Banjir, Drainase, Evaluasi

scholarly journals Rapid Urbanization Impact on the Hydrological Processes in Zhengzhou, China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1870
Author(s):  
Jingyi Wang ◽  
Caihong Hu ◽  
Bingyan Ma ◽  
Xiaoling Mu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Flood Peak ◽  
Island Effect ◽  
Hourly Rainfall ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

Changes in the hydrological process caused by urbanization lead to frequent flooding in cities. For fast-growing urban areas, the impact of urbanization on the hydrological process needs to be systematically analyzed. This study takes Zhengzhou as an example to analyze the impact of urbanization on the hydrological process based on 1971–2012 hourly rainfall-runoff data, combining Geographic Information Systems with traditional hydrological methods. Our study indicates that the rain island effect in different districts of city became stronger with the increase of its built-up. The uneven land use resulted in the difference of runoff process. The flood peak lag was 25–30% earlier with the change of land use. The change of flood peak increased by 10–30% with the change of built-up. The runoff coefficient increases by 20–35% with the increase of built-up, and its change increased with the change of land use. Affected by the rain island effect, precipitation tends to occur in areas where built-up is dominant, which overall magnifies the impact of urbanization on the hydrological process. This provides new ideas for urban flood control. Refine flood control standards according to regional land use changes to cope with the hydrological process after urbanization.

Are extreme rainfall intensities more frequent? Analysis of trends in rainfall patterns relevant to urban drainage systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1769-1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. De Toffol ◽  
A. N. Laghari ◽  
W. Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Alpine Region ◽  
Rainfall Series ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Total Rainfall

The fact that climate change is affecting the intensity and frequency of rainfall is well accepted in the scientific community. This is backed by a multitude of reports on the basis of daily rainfall series analysis; however, little research is available for short duration intensities. Due to its significant influence on the behaviour of urban drainage, it is critical to investigate the changes in short duration rainfall intensities. In this study different intensities relevant for the urban drainage and the total rainfall per rain event are analysed. The trend is investigated using the Mann-Kendall test. The rainfall series analysed are from the alpine region Tyrol. The results present differences depending on the duration of the intensity and the series considered, however an increase in the number of extreme events is detectable for short durations for the most series.

Analysis of effects of climate change on runoff in an urban drainage system: a case study from Seoul, Korea

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jung ◽  
H. Kim ◽  
K. J. B. Mallari ◽  
G. Pak ◽  
J. Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Rapid Urbanization

Both water quantity and quality are impacted by climate change. In addition, rapid urbanization has also brought an immeasurable loss of life and property resulting from floods. Hence, there is a need to predict changes in rainfall events to effectively design stormwater infrastructure to protect urban areas from disaster. This study develops a framework for predicting future short duration rainfall intensity and examining the effects of climate change on urban runoff in the Gunja Drainage Basin. Non-stationarities in rainfall records are first analysed using trend analysis to extrapolate future climate change scenarios. The US Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was used for single event simulation of runoff quantity from the study area. For the 1-hour and 24-hour durations, statistically significant upward trends were observed. Although the 10-minute duration was only nearly significant at the 90% level, the steepest slope was observed for this short duration. Moreover, it was observed that the simulated peak discharge from SWMM increases as the short duration rainfall intensity increases. The proposed framework is thought to provide a means to review the current design of stormwater infrastructures to determine their capacity, along with consideration of climate change impact.

scholarly journals Flood control in an urban drainage system using a linear controller

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 942-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Kumar Rai ◽  
C. T. Dhanya ◽  
B. R. Chahar
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Proportional Integral Derivative ◽  
Swmm Model

Abstract Effective management of floods in densely populated urban areas poses a great challenge. Computer modeling plays an important role in appropriate management of urban drainage systems. In this study an effort has been made to develop an efficient urban drainage model in which hydraulic results obtained from the developed SWMM model have been linked with a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller for controlling floods. The resulting model can optimize flood levels substantially in urban water bodies and hence can be used as an effective tool to mitigate urban flooding.

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