scholarly journals Bushfires and tank rainwater quality: A cause for concern?

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Spinks ◽  
Suzanne Phillips ◽  
Priscilla Robinson ◽  
Paul Van Buynder
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
North East ◽  
Rainwater Tank ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Drinking Water Guideline

In early 2003, after a prolonged drought period, extensive bushfires occurred in the east of Victoria affecting 1.5 million hectares of land. At the time, smoke and ash from bushfires, settling on roofs, contained pollutants that could potentially contaminate rainwater collected and stored in tanks for domestic use. The major concerns include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from incomplete combustion of organic matter and arsenic from burnt copper chrome arsenate (CCA) treated wood. An increase in microbial contamination through altered nutrient levels was also hypothesised. A pilot study of 49 rainwater tank owners was undertaken in north-east Victoria. A rainwater tank sample was taken and analysed for a variety of parameters including organic compounds, microbiological indicators, metals, nutrients and physico-chemical parameters. A survey was administered concurrently. A number of results were outside the Australian Drinking Water Guideline (ADWG) values for metals and microbiological indicator organisms, but not for any tested organic compounds. PAHs and arsenic are unlikely to be elevated in rainwater tanks as a result of bushfires, but cadmium may be of concern.

scholarly journals Achieving a healthy indoor environment by using an emissions barrier for stopping spread of chemicals from building into the indoor air

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Mattsson ◽  
Lennart Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

An emissions barrier was used in premises with indoor air complaints due to emissions from the buildings in question. The emissions comprised chlorophenols/chloroanisoles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from treated wood, and volatile organic compounds (VOC), mainly 2-ethylhexanol, from PVC flooring and the glue used to paste the flooring onto a concrete slab. Attaching the barrier at the surfaces from where the emissions were spread (floor, walls, ceiling) resulted in a fresh and odour-free indoor air. We conclude that using an emissions barrier in buildings made unhealthy by moisture is an efficient way of restoring a pleasant and healthy indoor air.

scholarly journals Curing building related illnesses by using an emissions barrier

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012241
Author(s):  
L Larsson ◽  
J Mattsson ◽  
T Lehtimaa
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
New Type

Abstract A new type of emissions barrier was used in premises with indoor air complaints due to emissions from the buildings in question. The emissions comprised chlorophenols/chloroanisoles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from treated wood, and volatile organic compounds (VOC), mainly 2-ethylhexanol, from PVC flooring and the glue used to paste the flooring onto a concrete slab. Attaching the barrier at the surfaces from where the emissions were spread (floor, walls, ceiling) resulted in a fresh and odour-free indoor air. We conclude that using an emissions barrier in buildings made unhealthy by moisture is an efficient way of restoring a pleasant and healthy indoor air.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY AND POLLUTION LOAD IN TEJASWINI RIVER NEAR THE MALAVETTUVAN TRIBAL SETTLEMENT, CHERUPUZHA PANCHAYATH, KERALA, INDIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Sangeeth Thekkan ◽  
Renjini Haridas ◽  
Paulsamy S
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Canopy Water

Rivers are one of the primary sources of water for drinking, irrigation and other domestic purposes.The present study deals with the water quality assessment of Tejaswini river of Cherupuzha Panchayath, Kannur district, Kerala. The water samples collected from five different sites were analyzed for parameters such as temperature, color, pH, BOD, DO, calcium, magnesium and Escherichia coli. The analysis of the physico– chemical and microbiological characters of the river water indicated that the water quality study of site I was affected severely because the study site is very near to the tribal settlements and also the tribes use thisarea mainly for sewage disposal. Study site II, III, IV and V, which are away from the tribal settlement, the river water is not polluted as it is very far away from the tribal settlement and also nearer to forest canopy. Water from study site I which not suitable for drinking and other domestic use. Therefore, source protectionis suggested for the site I water bodies for the benefit of mankind because it is not safe for human consumption.

Integrated Leachate Treatment Technology

2020 ◽  
pp. 204-220
Author(s):  
Zawawi Daud ◽  
Halizah Awang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Pre Treatment

In this chapter, the performance of combined treatment of municipal landfill leachate is reviewed. Although individual physico-chemical treatments are suitable for the removal of heavy metals and hydrolyzation of some organic compounds, a combination of two physico-chemical treatments or physico-chemical and biological is required for optimum treatment of stabilized landfill leachate. A combination of two physico-chemical treatments can give optimum results in removal of recalcitrant organic compounds from stabilized leachate, as reflected by a significant decrease of the COD values after treatment. On the other hand, a combination of physico-chemical and biological treatments is required to achieve effective removal of NH3-N and COD with a substantial amount of biodegradable organic matter. In many cases, physico-chemical treatments are suitable for pre-treatment of stabilized leachate. The objective of this paper is to highlight various types of integrated leachate treatments as it has been difficult to get optimum efficiency from single approached treatment.

House I 10,8

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope M. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Ground Level ◽  
The West ◽  
Comparable Group ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wall ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Small Shell ◽  
Lead Weights

The surviving plaster on the walls of this entranceway consisted of a high pink socle, delineated in red, with a white zone above. Ling observed that this overlay an earlier First-Style decoration on the east wall and that it had been patched in antiquity. Breaches are found in both the east and west walls. Outside the entrance, to either side, is a masonry bench (east bench: l.: 2.1 m, d.: 380 mm; west bench: l.: 2.4 m, d.: 460 mm), both much damaged. Finds within the entranceway consisted of bronze and iron studs, undoubtedly from the house door. Remains of plastered decoration survive on the south wall. Elia recorded a yellow dado, surmounted by a red band, with white plaster above. There is a breach in the north-west corner through to Unit no. 9, above a blocked doorway. At the centre of this front hall is a tufa impluvium (2.4 m × 2.1 m). In the north-west corner, 1 m above the pavement, were found: a small bronze ring; a bronze stud, similar to those in the entranceway and probably also from the front door; a fragment of a stone mortar or hand-mill; some glass beads; a small shell; and two bronze quadrantes, one of Nero dated ad 64. The fragmentary or loseable nature of these items suggests that they were disturbed from the ground level. Other small loseable items were found in the north-east corner: a small glass bottle, probably a toilet item; and possibly five more coins. One metre from the west side of the impluvium were found: another part of a hand-mill; two large stone weights; at least fifty-three lead weights, probably from a loom; and two other spherical stones, possibly also weights. The large number of lead weights is comparable with the quantity found under the stairway in room i of the Casa del Principe di Napoli. Another comparable group of forty loom weights was found together in a pit at Zugmantel. As Jongman noted, this amount would be equivalent to that required for one or perhaps two warp-weighted looms. It is therefore commensurate with the existence of such a loom, or looms, in this area, or of replacement loom weights, for domestic use.

scholarly journals Radiation thermo-chemical models of protoplanetary disks

2019 ◽  
Vol 632 ◽  
pp. A44 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Thi ◽  
G. Lesur ◽  
P. Woitke ◽  
I. Kamp ◽  
Ch. Rab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dead Zone ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Rotational Line ◽  
Viscous Heating ◽  
Gas Phase Reactions ◽  
Chemical Models ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Heating ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Dead

Context. Disks around pre-main-sequence stars evolve over time by turbulent viscous spreading. The main contender to explain the strength of the turbulence is the magnetorotational instability model, whose efficiency depends on the disk ionization fraction. Aims. Our aim is to compute self-consistently the chemistry including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) charge chemistry, the grain charging, and an estimate of an effective value of the turbulence α parameter in order to find observational signatures of disk turbulence. Methods. We introduced PAH and grain charging physics and their interplay with other gas-phase reactions in the physico-chemical code PRODIMO. Non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics effects such as ohmic and ambipolar diffusion are parametrized to derive an effective value for the turbulent parameter αeff. We explored the effects of turbulence heating and line broadening on CO isotopologue submillimeter lines. Results. The spatial distribution of αeff depends on various unconstrained disk parameters such as the magnetic parameter βmag or the cosmic ray density distribution inside the protoplanetary disk s. The inner disk midplane shows the presence of the so-called dead zone where the turbulence is almost inexistent. The disk is heated mostly by thermal accommodation on dust grains in the dead zone, by viscous heating outside the dead zone up to a few hundred astronomical units, and by chemical heating in the outer disk. The CO rotational lines probe the warm molecular disk layers where the turbulence is at its maximum. However, the effect of turbulence on the CO line profiles is minimal and difficult to distinguish from the thermal broadening. Conclusions. Viscous heating of the gas in the disk midplane outside the dead zone is efficient. The determination of α from CO rotational line observations alone is challenging.

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