scholarly journals Factors influencing the relationship between fluoride in drinking water and dental fluorosis: a ten-year systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Akuno ◽  
G. Nocella ◽  
E. P. Milia ◽  
L. Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relationship between naturally fluoridated groundwater and dental fluorosis has received large attention from researchers around the world. Despite recognition that several factors influence this relationship, there is a lack of systematic studies analyzing the heterogeneity of these results. To fill such a gap, this study performs a systematic review and meta-analysis to understand which factors influence this relationship and how. Selected studies were sampled between 2007 and 2017 from Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus using keywords and Boolean operators. Results of the systematic review show that dental fluorosis affects individuals of all ages, with the highest prevalence below 11, while the impact of other factors (gender, environmental conditions, diet and dental caries) was inconclusive. Meta-regression analysis, based on information collected through systematic review, indicates that both fluoride in drinking water and temperature influence dental fluorosis significantly and that these studies might be affected by publication bias. Findings show that fluoride negatively affects people's health in less developed countries. The conclusions discuss policy tools and technological innovations that could reduce fluoride levels below that of the World Health Organization (WHO) (<1.5 mg/L).

The Association Between Racism and Suicidality Among Young Minority Groups: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 104365962110469
Author(s):  
Giorgia Rudes ◽  
Claudia Fantuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Dominant Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: The World Health Organization states that suicide is the second leading cause of death among youngs, and racism has been proven to have detrimental effects on both physical and mental health. These two plagues represent a public health priority, especially for susceptible minorities. Method: This systematic review analyzed 23 studies from multiple database searches, to understand the relationship between racism and suicidality in young minority groups. Results: The review demonstrated the correlation between racism and suicidality with the consequent development of mental disorders. There is strong evidence that the main suicide risk factor is acculturation, interpreted as the assimilation of the dominant culture with the loss of values from one’s cultural background. Discussion: Health care professionals should not underestimate the risk of suicidality associated with racism. Prevention is crucial and it should be implemented from a young age, in schools, through a joint intervention with children and their families, aiming toward integration without acculturation.

scholarly journals The efficacy and safety of interferons for the treatment of patients with COVID-19: protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsaneh Noormandi ◽  
Mohammad Fathalipour ◽  
Reza Daryabeygi-Khotbehsara ◽  
Soheil Hassanipour
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Time Of Administration

Background and objective: COVID-19 has since been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), infecting millions worldwide. The use of Interferon (INF) subtypes previously examined in the treatment of SARS and MERS is also being initiated in some clinical trials. Although different clinical trials were evaluated IFNs in the treatment of COVID-19, their efficacy and safety remain unknown. Therefore, this study aims to systematically assess IFNs efficacy and safety in treating patients with COVID-19. Methods: The protocol has been registered in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register (CRD42020200643) on 24 July 2020. This protocol has been arranged according to the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) 2015 checklist. Discussion: Due to lack of approved medication for the covid-19 treatment and also various mutations of this virus, evaluated the efficacy and safety of medications by various studies could help for finding treatments with high effectiveness. IFNs are one of the medications that have been administered in covid-19 infection.  Moreover, the best time of administration and dose of this medication was unknown. Although meta-analysis is a potent source for assessing the accuracy of subjects, heterogeneity of articles is a potent limitation of our work.

scholarly journals The Impact of the World Health Organization Essential Newborn Package on Newborn Care Practices and Survival Rates in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Andy Emmanuel ◽  
Victoria Kain ◽  
Elizabeth Forster
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Newborn Care ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Essential Newborn Care ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Sub-Saharan Africa, has the highest child mortality rate in the world (World Health Organization [WHO], 2016). However, there is a paucity of current systematic reviews on the impact of essential newborn care interventions in Africa. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to summarize evidence about the impact of essential newborn care interventions in Africa. Numerous databases were searched to retrieve articles that reported interventions in newborn care in Africa. The search was limited to the English language and to articles published between 2007 and 2017. Nine articles were selected for inclusion in this systematic review. Overall, these papers demonstrated an increase in performance of health workers (between 8 and 400%) following a test of knowledge, while health workers practical performance increased by 34%. Moreover, neonatal mortality was reduced by 45%, while perinatal mortality was reduced by 30%. Training healthcare workers is one of the most effective ways of improving newborn care and neonatal survival in Africa. However, there is a need for additional evidence to support this, because none of the reviewed studies assessed the impact of training by examining variables such as trainees' satisfaction with training, the knowledge and skills developed, and the health outcomes achieved.

scholarly journals The worldwide prevalence of the Dupuytren disease: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Salari ◽  
Mohammadbagher Heydari ◽  
Masoud Hassanabadi ◽  
Mohsen Kazeminia ◽  
Nikzad Farshchian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
World Health ◽  
Palmar Fascia ◽  
The World ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Dupuytren Disease

Abstract Background The Dupuytren disease is a benign fibroproliferative disorder that leads to the formation of the collagen knots and fibres in the palmar fascia. The previous studies reveal different levels of Dupuytren’s prevalence worldwide; hence, this study uses meta-analysis to approximate the prevalence of Dupuytren globally. Methods In this study, systematic review and meta-analysis have been conducted on the previous studies focused on the prevalence of the Dupuytren disease. The search keywords were Prevalence, Prevalent, Epidemiology, Dupuytren Contracture, Dupuytren and Incidence. Subsequently, SID, MagIran, ScienceDirect, Embase, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases and Google Scholar search engine were searched without a lower time limit and until June 2020. In order to analyse reliable studies, the stochastic effects model was used and the I2 index was applied to test the heterogeneity of the selected studies. Data analysis was performed within the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software version 2.0. Results By evaluating 85 studies (10 in Asia, 56 in Europe, 2 in Africa and 17 studies in America) with a total sample size of 6628506 individuals, the prevalence of Dupuytren disease in the world is found as 8.2% (95% CI 5.7–11.7%). The highest prevalence rate is reported in Africa with 17.2% (95% CI 13–22.3%). According to the subgroup analysis, in terms of underlying diseases, the highest prevalence was obtained in patients with type 1 diabetes with 34.1% (95% CI 25–44.6%). The results of meta-regression revealed a decreasing trend in the prevalence of Dupuytren disease by increasing the sample size and the research year (P < 0.05). Conclusion The results of this study show that the prevalence of Dupuytren disease is particularly higher in alcoholic patients with diabetes. Therefore, the officials of the World Health Organization should design measures for the prevention and treatment of this disease.

scholarly journals CONSUMER’S AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS PACKAGED DRINKING WATER IN THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1(SE)) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
S. Vanitha
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bottom Of The Pyramid ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Today, one million people are drinking unhealthy water in the world. Each year 5 million people worldwide die due to the diseases caused by unhealthy drinking water. Unhealthy water creates a great risk, especially for children because of their undeveloped immune system (G8 Action Plan Decisions, 2003)1. Indeed, the World Health Organization estimates that 4.1 million children die from diarrhea, which can be inhibited by healthy water (WHO, 2010)2. In developed countries, it is observed that water is not only a basic consumption food, but also a lifestyle product. As mentioned in the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, packaged water consumption reflects the choices related to the lifestyle as well as being a basic need at the bottom of the pyramid (Sipos, et al., 2007)3.  Water is increasingly becoming an important economic resource, and its public distribution is being privatized in many countries (e.g., France, England, Brazil, Australia, Bolivia and, recently proposed in Italy), opening new market opportunities for private investors. The consumption of bottled mineral water is significantly increasing worldwide and has become an important factor both for economic and health issues (King, 2008)4. Natural mineral water means microbiologically wholesome water, originating in an underground water table or deposit and emerging from a spring tapped at one or more natural or bore exits. This type of water cannot be sterilized, pasteurized or otherwise treated to remove or destroy microorganisms (European Commission, 2009)5. Hence, the researcher has made an attempt to find out the existing awareness and attitudes of consumers towards using packaged drinking water in Thoothukudi District.

Breast-feeding

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mark Beattie ◽  
Anil Dhawan ◽  
John W.L. Puntis
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Ideal

Benefits of breast-feeding 25Breast-feeding basics 26Contraindications to breast-feeding 27Promotion of breast-feeding 28Breast milk is the ideal food for infants. The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breast-feeding for at least the first 6 months of life. Until March 2001, the WHO recommended exclusive breast-feeding only for the first 4–6 months of life. This change in policy was based on a systematic review of the published scientific literature which highlighted a protective effect of prolonged breast-feeding against gastrointestinal disease, and confirmed health benefits to mothers. The applicability of these findings to developed countries has been questioned....

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