Analysis of the reclamation treatment capability of a constructed wetland for reuse

A research project was conducted during 2008-2009 in Portugal to evaluate the potential of reclaimed water from constructed wetlands for irrigation reuse. A 21 month monitoring campaign was set up in a Filtralite-based horizontal subsurface flow bed. Results showed a significant fluctuation of the hydraulic loading rate that has influenced the hydraulic retention time and the wastewater characteristics over time and, therefore, the removal efficiencies for BOD5, COD, TSS, nitrogen and phosphorus were lower than the reported values for CW performance. If the hydraulic loading rate could be properly controlled the treatment performance, as well as the quality of the reclaimed water, can be improved considerably. The effluent concentrations of conductivity (EC), BOD5, COD, TN, K, Ca, Mg and phytotoxic elements (Na, Cl and B), showed a suitable quality for irrigation reuse according to different international standards, although it is necessary to improve the removal of phosphorous and a final disinfection must be implemented to decrease the pathogenic content.

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Influence of Hydraulic Loading Rate on Horizontal Zeolite Wetland Effluent Quality

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.659 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 573-574 ◽

pp. 659-662

Author(s):

Hao Wang

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Loading Rate ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Secondary Effluent ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal ◽

Hydraulic Loading Rate ◽

Effluent Quality ◽

Hydraulic Loading

In Tangshan area, the secondary effluent of wastewater treatment plants was used for this study. Horizontal zeolite wetland was carried out treating it. Hydraulic loading rate was the parameters for analyzing the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of pollutants from the secondary effluent of wastewater treatment plant. Zeolite constructed wetlands showed different behaviors for nitrogen and phosphorus removals.Under the optimum hydraulic loading rate, the primary pollutions were removed to a large extent.

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Improvement of organic matter and nutrient removal from domestic wastewater by using intermittent hydraulic rates on earthworm–microorganism biofilters

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2020.139 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

C. Chicaiza ◽

L. Huaraca ◽

C. E. Almeida-Naranjo ◽

V. H. Guerrero ◽

C. A. Villamar

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Redox Potential ◽

Nutrient Removal ◽

Loading Rate ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Hydraulic Loading Rate ◽

Loading Rates ◽

Hydraulic Loading ◽

Global Performance

Abstract Biofilters based on earthworms–microorganisms represent, particularly in developing countries, an interesting alternative for domestic wastewater treatment due to their easy operation and low cost. However, there are several operational aspects that should be better understood in order to improve their performance. This paper studies the effect of using intermittent hydraulic loading rates to improve organic matter and nutrient removal from domestic wastewater using these biofilters. Three laboratory-scale columns, operating at a 2.5 m3 m−2day−1 hydraulic loading rate, were used. The B1–24 h, B2–8 h, B3–4 h column loading rates indicate that the columns were operated continuously for 24, 8 and 4 h, respectively. Each column (biomass biofilm/earthworms, redox potential, and head loss) and its corresponding operational performance parameters (TCOD, NH4+, NO3−, NO2−, TP) were monitored. The results showed that the B2–8 h intermittent hydraulic loading rate results in the best global performance, with 74%, 57%, and 20% average removal efficiencies for TCOD, nitrogen, and phosphorus, respectively. Moreover, it showed the best biomass growth (biofilm and earthworms), activity (as redox potential changes) and the lowest clogging effects (up to −1.0 cm). The intermittent operation influences the behavior of the earthworm–microorganism biofilters and offers the possibility of optimizing its global performance and achieving a resilient technology.

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PEMANFAATAN TANAH VULKANIK DALAM SISTEM MULTIPLE SOIL LAYERING (MSL) TERHADAP PEMURNIAN AIR IRIGASI TERPOLUSI

Jurnal BiBieT ◽

10.22216/jbbt.v2i1.3085 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 49

Author(s):

Welly Herman ◽

Darmawan Darmawan ◽

Gusnidar Gusnidar

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Loading Rate ◽

Quality Standard ◽

High Ability ◽

Volcanic Soil ◽

Soil Mixture ◽

Hydraulic Loading Rate ◽

Hydraulic Loading ◽

Soil Layering ◽

Mesh Sieve

The research aimed to make Volcanic soil of Multiple Soil Layering (MSL) with different Hydraulic Loading Rate (HLR) on the purification of polluted irrigation water and to determine the appropriate HLR against purification of polluted irrigation water. The research used an MSL system of the same Soil Mixture Block (SMB) size from a study done by (Chen et al., 2007) arranged in an Acrylic box measuring 50 cm x 10 cm x 60 cm (PxLxT). Making SMB is done by mixing volcanic soil, sawdust, iron, charcoal that has been mashed by 50 mesh sieve, with a combination of 7: 1: 1: 1. The MSL system is supplied with irrigation water taken from the Gunuang Nago irrigation and Pasar Baru area, Cupak Tangah village, Pauh IX sub-district, Padang continuously with different HLR of 250 L/m2/day, 500 L/m2/ day and 1000 L/m2/day. From the result of this research, it is found that MSL system can decrease pollutant content in polluted irrigation water until the concentration below the water quality standard based on PP. 82 of 2001 and MSL system with HLR 250 L/m2/day have high ability in purifying BOD and COD and HLR 1000 L/m2/day has a high ability in purifying NH4+, NO2- and NO3- on polluted irrigation water. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan pengaruh tanah vulkanik dalam sistem Multiple Soil Layering (MSL) dengan Hydraulic Loading Rate (HLR) yang berbeda terhadap pemurnian air irigasi terpolusi. Penelitian menggunakan sistem MSL dengan ukuran Soil Mixture Block (SMB) yang sama dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan (Chen, Sato, Wakatsuki, & Masunaga, 2007)yang disusun di dalam kotak Acrylic berukuran 50 cm x 10 cm x 60 cm (PxLxT). Soil Mixture Block terdiri dari tanah vulkanik, serbuk gergaji, besi, arang yang telah dihaluskan oleh ayakan 50 mesh, dengan perbandingan kombinasi 7:1:1:1. Sistem MSL dialirkan air irigasi yang diambil dari irigasi Gunuang Nago dan Kawasan Pasar Baru, Kelurahan Cupak Tangah, Kecamatan Pauh IX, Padang secara terus menerus dengan HLR yang berbeda yaitu 250 L/m2/hari, 500 L/m2/hari dan 1000 L/m2/hari. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa sistem MSL mampu menurunkan kandungan zat pencemar pada air irigasi terpolusi mencapai kosentrasi di bawah baku mutu air berdasarkan PP No. 82 tahun 2001 dengan HLR 250 L/m2/hari mempunyai kemampuan yang tinggi dalam memurnikan kadar pencemar BOD dan COD sedangkan HLR 1000 L/m2/hari mempunyai kemampuan yang tinggi dalam memurnikan kadar pencemar NH4+, NO2- dan NO3- pada air irigasi terpolusi.

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Aeration characteristics of a rectangular stepped cascade system

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2010.828 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 415-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Sanjib Moulick ◽

Naresh V. Tambada ◽

Basant K. Singh ◽

B. C. Mal

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Loading Rate ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Step Height ◽

Optimum Number ◽

Hydraulic Loading Rate ◽

Hydraulic Loading ◽

Aeration Efficiency ◽

Stepped Cascade ◽

Independent Parameters

Aeration experiments, maintaining nappe flow conditions, were carried out on a rectangular stepped cascade of total height 3.0 m to determine the total number of steps, slope of the entire cascade and hydraulic loading rate at which maximum overall aeration efficiency occurs, keeping the surface area of individual steps constant. Based on dimensional analysis, the overall aeration efficiency at standard conditions (E20) was expressed as a function of square of total number of steps (N2) and dimensionless discharge (dc/h), where dc and h represent critical depth in a rectangular prismatic channel and individual step height respectively. An empirical equation with E20 as the response and N2 and dc/h as the independent parameters was developed based on the experimental results subject to 36 ≤ N2 ≤ 196 and 0.009 ≤ dc/h ≤ 0.144. The experimental results showed that the overall aeration efficiency (E20) for a particular step height of stepped cascade increases with increase in dc/h up to a certain value and then decreases. This may be due to at higher dc/h, i.e., at higher hydraulic loading rate, the flow approaches the transition zone and thereby aeration efficiency decreases. E20 was also found to increase with number of steps at any hydraulic loading rate, because of the increased surface area of fall. The optimum number of steps, slope of the entire stepped cascade and hydraulic loading rate were found to be 14, 0.351 and 0.009 m2/s respectively producing the maximum value of overall aeration efficiency of 0.90.

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Simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in a two-biofilter system

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2000.0249 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 41 (12) ◽

pp. 101-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

D. Pak ◽

W. Chang

Keyword(s):

Retention Time ◽

Phosphorus Removal ◽

Hydraulic Retention Time ◽

Loading Rate ◽

Aerobic Condition ◽

Nitrogen Loading ◽

Simultaneous Removal ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal ◽

Factors Affecting

A two-biofilter system operated under alternate conditions of anaerobic/aerobic was tested to simultaneously remove nitrogen and phosphorus from sewage. The factors affecting simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by the two-biofilter system were investigated. Those factors appeared to be influent COD/T-N and COD/T-P ratio, nitrogen loading rate and hydraulic retention time. Nitrite and nitrate produced in the biofilter in aerobic condition affected phosphorus removal by the two-biofilter system. The amount of biomass wasted during the backwash procedure also affected total nitrogen and phosphorus removal by the system.

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Impact of hydraulic loading rate and media type on removal of bulk organic matter and nitrogen from primary effluent in a laboratory-scale soil aquifer treatment system

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2013.242 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 217-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Chol D. T. Abel ◽

Saroj K. Sharma ◽

Ervin Buçpapaj ◽

Maria D. Kennedy

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Loading Rate ◽

Ammonium Nitrogen ◽

Silica Sand ◽

Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽

Nitrogen Reduction ◽

Hydraulic Loading Rate ◽

Hydraulic Loading ◽

Media Type ◽

Bulk Organic Matter

The effect of hydraulic loading rate (HLR) and media type on the removal of bulk organic matter and nitrogen from primary effluent during soil aquifer treatment was investigated by conducting laboratory-scale soil column studies. Two soil columns packed with silica sand were operated at HLRs of 0.625 and 1.25 m/d, while a third column was packed with dune filtering material and operated at HLR of 1.25 m/d. Bulk organic matter was effectively removed by 47.5 ± 1.2% and 45.1 ± 1.2% in silica sand columns operated at 0.625 and 1.25 m/d, respectively and 57.3 ± 7.6% in dune filtering material column operated at 1.25 m/d. Ammonium-nitrogen reduction of 74.5 ± 18.0% was achieved at 0.625 m/d compared to 39.1 ± 4.3% at 1.25 m/d in silica sand columns, whereas 49.2 ± 5.2% ammonium-nitrogen reduction was attained at 1.25 m/d in the dune filtering material column. Ammonium-nitrogen reduction in the first 3 m was assumed to be dominated by nitrification process evidenced by corresponding increase in nitrate. Part of the ammonium-nitrogen was adsorbed onto the media, which was observed at higher rates between 3 and 5 m in silica sand column operated at HLR of 0.625 m/d and dune filtering material column operated at 1.25 m/d compared to 1.25 m/d silica.

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Effect of aeration and hydraulic loading rate on nitrogen removal by subsurface infiltration systems

Water Environment Research ◽

10.1002/wer.1030 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 91 (5) ◽

pp. 399-406

Author(s):

Fanping Zheng ◽

Linli Huang ◽

Jing Pan ◽

Shiyue Qi ◽

Chaoquan Tan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Loading Rate ◽

Hydraulic Loading Rate ◽

Hydraulic Loading

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Effects of Hydraulic Loading Rate on Nutrient Removal in Multi-Stage Constructed Wetland

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1498 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 864-867 ◽

pp. 1498-1502

Author(s):

Qing Feng Chen ◽

Wen Guo Dong ◽

Jun Jian Ma ◽

Qing Li ◽

Xin Guo Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Constructed Wetland ◽

Loading Rate ◽

Optimal Parameter ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Operational Parameter ◽

Hydraulic Loading Rate ◽

Hydraulic Loading ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Operation Period ◽

D 12

Hydraulic loading rate (HLR) is an important operational parameter for constructed wetland to purify wastewater. In this paper, it is the main objective to select the optimal parameter of HLR. During the four HLRs (i.e., 6 cm/d, 12 cm/d, 24 cm/d and 48 cm/d) operation period, six days were used as one stage. The experimental results showed that the best average removal rates of CODcr (59.7%) and NH3-N (89.4%) were at the HLR of 6 cm/d. In the meantime, the best average removal rate of total phosphorus (TP, 50.0%) was at the HLR of 24 cm/d. According to the low influent TP concentration, it is suggested that the HLR of 6 cm/d should be used in the multi-stage constructed wetland.

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