scholarly journals Design optimization of a simple, single family, anaerobic sewage treatment system

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-71
Author(s):  
Silvânia Lucas dos Santos ◽  
João Paulo de Oliveira Simões ◽  
Francisco Vieira Paiva ◽  
Adrianus van Haandel
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
High Degree

Anaerobic sewage treatment systems, notably the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, have been applied successfully in Brazil in dozens of large scale units. In this paper a small reactor is proposed for use in single family houses, without a connection to a sewerage network. The proposed reactor is much smaller than the traditional septic tank and yet the treatment efficiency is much higher. It comprises a lower cylindrical digestion zone and an upper settling zone, connected by a transition zone. Several configurations with different digestion and settling zone diameters were tested to establish their influence on reactor performance. A high degree of organic matter removal was obtained with 250 L reactors with retention times of 6 to 12 hours. A large sludge mass was retained in the digestion zone and high treatment capacity was maintained throughout the study. Tests showed that sludge settled better in the reactor than it did after discharge with the effluent. In contrast the, methanogenic activity of the sludge in the reactor was the same as that of the sludge expelled.

Performance review of large scale up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket sewage treatment plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Heffernan ◽  
J. B. van Lier ◽  
J. van der Lubbe
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Lower Performance ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

This article evaluates the performance of 10 large scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) sewage treatment plants (STP) located in semi-tropical areas, 7 plants were located in Brazil, 2 in India and 1 in the Middle East. In addition to the UASB, essential functional units of the STP which potentially impact on the UASB are also evaluated. Most grit removal systems were performing adequately, however in one plant very little grit was being removed. This could have serious implications for the performance of the plant as in a relatively short period of time the reactors could become full of grit. The performance results obtained in this study (COD, BOD and TSS removal efficiencies) are compared to the results of recent literature publications and also to the results of some early pilot and full scale studies. The results found here are broadly similar to those result reported in the recent literature but show a lower performance in comparison with the early pilot scale plants. Factors such as improper design, poor operating procedures, insufficient maintenance and the presence of high sulphate concentrations have been identified as the main reasons for the lower performance.

Evaluation of sludge properties in a pilot-scale UASB reactor for sewage treatment in a temperate region

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 1959-1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Syutsubo ◽  
W. Yoochatchaval ◽  
I. Tsushima ◽  
N. Araki ◽  
K. Kubota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

In this study, continuous operation of a pilot-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor for sewage treatment was conducted for 630 days to investigate the physical and microbial characteristics of the retained sludge. The UASB reactor with a working volume of 20.2 m3 was operated at ambient temperature (16–29 °C) and seeded with digested sludge. After 180 days of operation, when the sewage temperature had dropped to 20 °C or lower, the removal efficiency of both total suspended solids (TSS) and total biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) deteriorated due to washout of retained sludge. At low temperature, the cellulose concentration of the UASB sludge increased owing to the rate limitation of the hydrolytic reaction of suspended solids in the sewage. However, after an improvement in sludge retention (settleability and concentration) in the UASB reactor, the process performance stabilized and gave sufficient results (68% of TSS removal, 75% of total BOD removal) at an hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 9.7 h. The methanogenic activity of the retained sludge significantly increased after day 246 due to the accumulation of Methanosaeta and Methanobacterium following the improvement in sludge retention in the UASB reactor. Acid-forming bacteria from phylum Bacteroidetes were detected at high frequency; thus, these bacteria may have an important role in suspended solids degradation.

Grey water treatment in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor at different temperatures

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 610-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Elmitwalli ◽  
Ralf Otterpohl
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactors

The treatment of grey water in two upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors, operated at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) and temperatures, was investigated. The first reactor (UASB-A) was operated at ambient temperature (14–25 °C) and HRT of 20, 12 and 8 h, while the second reactor (UASB-30) was operated at controlled temperature of 30 °C and HRT of 16, 10 and 6 h. The two reactors were fed with grey water from ‘Flintenbreite’ settlement in Luebeck, Germany. When the grey water was treated in the UASB reactor at 30 °C, total chemical oxygen demand (CODt) removal of 52–64% was achieved at HRT between 6 and 16 h, while at lower temperature lower removal (31–41%) was obtained at HRT between 8 and 20 h. Total nitrogen and phosphorous removal in the UASB reactors were limited (22–36 and 10–24%, respectively) at all operational conditions. The results showed that at increasing temperature or decreasing HRT of the reactors, maximum specific methanogenic activity of the sludge in the reactors improved. As the UASB reactor showed a significantly higher COD removal (31–64%) than the septic tank (11–14%) even at low temperature, it is recommended to use UASB reactor instead of septic tank (the most common system) for grey water pre-treatment. Based on the achieved results and due to high peak flow factor, a HRT between 8 and 12 h can be considered the suitable HRT for the UASB reactor treating grey water at temperature 20–30 °C, while a HRT of 12–24 h can be applied at temperature lower than 20 °C.

scholarly journals COMPACT SEWAGE TREATMENT SYSTEMS FOR RURAL SANITATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
Jose Tavares de Sousa ◽  
Maria Luciana Dias de Luna Luna ◽  
Israel Nunes Henrique Henrique ◽  
Valderi Duarte Leite Leite ◽  
Wilton Silva Lopes Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
World Health ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Sand Filters

The combination of anaerobic pre-treatment and conventional aerobic technologies in a single compact unit has the potential to afford practical, sustainable and low-cost systems for the decentralized treatment of sewage. The aims of the present study were (i) to determine the efficiencies of a single-family compact (SFC) and a multi-family compact (MFC) station in removing organic matter from domestic sewage, and (ii) to investigate the behavior of aerobic intermittent sand filters (ISFs) regarding nitrification. The SFC station consisted of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, an anaerobic upflow bed filter and an aerobic ISF, while the MFC station comprised a septic tank and two ISFs. The mean efficiencies for the removal of total chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids and total Kjeldahl nitrogen were, respectively, 90, 93 and 75% for the SFC and 87, 91% and 74% for the MFC with ISFs operated at hydraulic loading rates of 380 L.m-2.day-1. The sand filters produced helminth-free effluents that complied with World Health Organization recommendations for water intended for agricultural reuse, although the geometric mean of E. coli counts (104 CFU.100 mL-1) was somewhat high, implying that the treated water was appropriate for irrigation in low-tech agriculture.

Acid Endurance and Sorption of Zn2+ of Anaerobic Granular Sludge Acclimated by Flue Gas Pretreatment Wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 182-186
Author(s):  
Juan Wang ◽  
Qin Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Activity Inhibition ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

With the aim to use anaerobic granular sludge, the methanogenic activity inhibition and recovery of anaerobic granular sludge from an industrial anaerobic reactor (s1) were investigated by measuring the methane volume at low pH. A lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was inoculated with s1.s1 was used to remove Zn2+ in wastewater. The results show that activity of s1 is similar when the pH value is 6.5 to 7.0. The methane volume is obviously decreased when the pH value is 6.0. The activity is completely inhibited when the pH value is 4.5. The activity is fully recovered when the pH is above 6.5 and hardly recovers when the pH fell to 4.5. The main Zn2+ removal mechanism is chemical adsorption.

Impact of microaeration bioreactor on dissolved sulfide and methane removal from real UASB effluent for sewage treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 1951-1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Cabral ◽  
A. L. Sanson ◽  
R. J. C. F. Afonso ◽  
C. A. L. Chernicharo ◽  
J. C. Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Sulfide Removal ◽  
Dissolved Sulfide ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Abstract Two bioreactors were investigated as an alternative for the post-treatment of effluent from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating domestic sewage, aiming at dissolved sulfide and methane removal. The bioreactors (R-control and R-air) were operated at different hydraulic retention times (HRT; 6 and 3 h) with or without aeration. Large sulfide and methane removal efficiencies were achieved by the microaerated reactor at HRT of 6 h. At this HRT, sulfide removal efficiencies were equal to 61% and 79%, and methane removal efficiencies were 31% and 55% for R-control and R-air, respectively. At an HRT of 3 h, sulfide removal efficiencies were 22% (R-control) and 33% (R-air) and methane removal did not occur. The complete oxidation of sulfide, with sulfate formation, prevailed in both phases and bioreactors. However, elemental sulfur formation was more predominant at an HRT of 6 h than at an HRT of 3 h. Taken together, the results show that post-treatment improved the anaerobic effluent quality in terms of chemical oxygen demand and solids removal. However, ammoniacal nitrogen was not removed due to either the low concentration of air provided or the absence of microorganisms involved in the nitrogen cycle.

The periodic anaerobic baffled reactor

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Skiadas ◽  
G. Lyberatos
Keyword(s):  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Active Biomass ◽  
Anaerobic Baffled Reactor ◽  
Stable Periodic ◽  
Reactor Type ◽  
Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The most common bioreactor type used for anaerobic digestion is the Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR). The main problem of this reactor type, i.e. the fact that the active biomass is continuously removed from the system leading to long retention times, has been overcome in a number of systems based on immobilization of the active biomass. Two represenstative types are the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor (UASBR) and the Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR). The success of these reactor systems rests on the highly flocculated, well settling, compact methanogenic sludge granules which develop in these reactors. A novel reactor type named Periodic Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (PABR) has been designed, offering the following major advantage: it may be operated as an ABR, a UASBR or at an intermediate mode. The PABR hydraulic behavior has been characterized using residence time distribution experiments at different retention times. Simulating the PABR behavior, the dependence of the reactor performance on the switching frequency is determined as a function of the retention time. In particular, it is found that for high retention times the ABR mode is superior, whereas for low retention times, the UASBR mode should be preferred. In order to establish the accuracy of the predictions of the simulation study, the PABR behavior was experimentally verified using three different stable periodic states.

scholarly journals Constraints, performance and perspectives of anaerobic sewage treatment: lessons from full-scale sewage treatment plants in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Bressani-Ribeiro ◽  
L. A. Chamhum-Silva ◽  
C. A. L. Chernicharo
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Operational Constraints ◽  
Uasb Reactors ◽  
Design Construction

Abstract There are hundreds of full-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors in operation in various parts of the tropical world, notably in India and Latin America, Brazil being the holder of the largest park of anaerobic reactors for sewage treatment in the world. Despite the recognized advantages of UASB reactors, there are problems that have prevented their maximum operational performance. Neglecting the existence and delaying the solution of these challenges can jeopardize the important advances made to date, impacting the future of anaerobic technology in Brazil and in other countries. This work aims to evaluate the operational performance of five full-scale UASB reactors in Brazil, taking into account a monitoring period ranging between two and six years. The main observed design, construction, and operational constraints are discussed. Some outlooks for important upcoming developments are also provided, considering that most of the observed drawbacks can be tackled without significant increases on reactor costs.

scholarly journals Sewage treatment at 4 °C in anaerobic upflow reactors with and without a membrane – performance, function and microbial diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-171
Author(s):  
Evangelos Petropoulos ◽  
Burhan Shamurad ◽  
Shamas Tabraiz ◽  
Yongjie Yu ◽  
Russell Davenport ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Performance Function ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

In this study, we investigated the feasibility of anaerobic sewage treatment at extremely low temperatures (4 °C) using two reactor setups: Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors (UASB) without and with (AnMBRUASB(UF)) a membrane.

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