Wastewater Treatment With Activated Carbon

1972 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
A. Benedek
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Recent Developments

Abstract Recent developments in the application of activated carbon to wastewater treatment are reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on the physico-chemical treatment of municipal waste. Technological development, adsorptive behaviour, and research needs serve as the three primary discussion topics.

scholarly journals Tertiary Physico-chemical Treatment of Secondary Effluent from the Chania Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-173
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
High Doses

The present study investigated tertiary physico-chemical treatment of the secondary effluent from the Chania municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTP). Laboratory experiments were carried out with the aim of studying coagulation efficiency regarding reduction of turbidity, soluble COD and phosphorus both in a conventional Coagulation-Settling treatment scheme, as well as by means of Contact Filtration. The results showed that high doses of coagulants (0,5 mmol Me+3 l-1 or higher) are required to achieve significant removals of turbidity after settling. At these high doses, soluble COD can be removed by about 50%, while soluble Phosphorus by 80-95%. Ferric Chloride demonstrated slightly better removal ability as compared to Alum. The Chania WTP effluent was also treated by Contact Filtration, using a very low dose of coagulants, 0,1 mmol Me+3 l-1. Turbidity was removed by around 50%, while at this low coagulant dose removals of COD and Phosphorus were insignificant. Filtration was effective in the first 35cm of the filter bed. No significant differences were observed between the coagulants Alum and FeCl3 in the elimination of turbidity. Nevertheless, with the use of Alum a smaller filter headloss was observed, during the first two hours of continuous filtration, in comparison with the use of FeCl3 (nearly double). No difference was observed between the headloss developed at a filter depth of 5cm as compared to that developed at a depth of 70cm. This indicates that the headloss increase was due to the accumulation of suspended and colloidal solids within the first layers of the sand filter.

scholarly journals Physical characteristics of materials of Ecuadorian origin for water treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 958 (1) ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
M Mayacela ◽  
L Maldonado ◽  
F Morales ◽  
B Suquillo
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wastewater Pollutants

Abstract In Ecuador, contaminated water is discharged directly into the sewage system. The treatments carried out for the elimination of wastewater pollutants are classified into three types: Physical, Chemical and Biological. One of the treatments that is frequently used is the physico-chemical treatment in which various reactive substances are used, which is why in this research several reactive substances of Ecuadorian origin, including activated carbon, peat, limestone, volcanic pyroclasts, zeolite clinoptilolite and zeolite modernite, are physically characterized. For this purpose, some laboratory tests were carried out based on national and international standards in order to obtain the granulometry, compactness coefficient, porosity, sphericity and permea-bility.

Modelling of the Coagulation–Adsorption Process in Treatment Systems

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 1113-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej M. Dziubek ◽  
Apolinary L. Kowal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Multilayer Adsorption ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

Removal of organics in water or wastewater treatment systems is often described mathematically in the form of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Using these equations, it is convenient to model, e.g., the removal of organic matter in the adsorption process on an activated carbon bed. In chemical treatment processes, organic substances are frequently removed from the water or wastewater under treatment via an adsorption on the precipitation products. In this paper presented is a generalized model of the equation of a multilayer adsorption isotherm, which describes TOC removal from a solution during chemical treatment in an alkaline medium. The model also includes the nonremovable concentration of organics.

Comparison of different advanced disinfection systems for wastewater reclamation

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Salgot ◽  
M. Folch ◽  
E. Huertas ◽  
J. Tapias ◽  
D. Avellaneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Negative Impacts

Several lines of reclamation have been tested in the Palamós/Vall-Llobrega (Girona, Spain) wastewater treatment plant. Each line consists of a filtration treatment (infiltration-percolation, sand filter, ring filter and physico-chemical treatment) plus a disinfection system (UV, peracetic acid, chlorine dioxide and ozonation). Every combination has been evaluated and compared with the other possibilities. This combination of filtration and disinfection allows the use of lower doses of disinfectants, thus minimising the negative impacts of the whole process and improving the reliability of the reclamation facilities.

Combined physico-chemical treatment of secondary settled municipal wastewater in a multifunctional reactor

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1715-1722 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Santoro ◽  
T. Pastore ◽  
D. Santoro ◽  
F. Crapulli ◽  
M. Raisee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Powder Activated Carbon ◽  
Multifunctional Reactor

In this paper, the physico-chemical treatment of municipal wastewater for the simultaneous removal of pollutant indicators (chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total coliforms) and organic contaminants (total phenols) was investigated and assessed. A secondary settled effluent was subjected to coagulation, disinfection and absorption in a multifunctional reactor by dosing, simultaneously, aluminum polychloride (dose range: 0–150 μL/L), natural zeolites (dose range: 0–150 mg/L), sodium hypochlorite (dose range: 0–7.5 mg/L) and powder activated carbon (dose range: 0–30 mg/L). The treatment process was optimized using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and response surface methodology. Specifically, a Latin square technique was employed to generate 16 combinations of treating agent types and concentrations which were pilot tested on an 8 m3/h multifunctional reactor fed by a secondary effluent with COD and total coliform concentrations ranging from ≈20 to 120 mg/L and from 105 to 106 CFU/100 mL, respectively. Results were promising, indicating that removal yields up to 71% in COD and 5.4 log in total coliforms were obtained using an optimal combination of aluminum polychloride (dose range ≈ 84–106 μL/L), powder activated carbon ≈ 5 mg/L, natural zeolite (dose range ≈ 34–70 mg/L) and sodium hypochlorite (dose range ≈ 3.4–5.6 mg/L), with all treating agents playing a statistically significant role in determining the overall treatment performance. Remarkably, the combined process was also able to remove ≈ 50% of total phenols, a micropollutant known to be recalcitrant to conventional wastewater treatments.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical characterization of powdered activated carbons obtained by thermo-chemical conversion of brown municipal waste

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-247
Author(s):  
Milan Momcilovic ◽  
Milovan Purenovic ◽  
Milena Miljkovic ◽  
Aleksandar Bojic ◽  
Aleksandra Zarubica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Pore Distribution ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Developed Surface ◽  
Oxygen Groups

Cones of the European Black pine and Horse chestnut kernel, regarded as brown municipal waste, was utilized in this work as a precursor for powdered activated carbons. Chemical activation was employed at 500?C in inert atmosphere of nitrogen. Standard physico-chemical analyses were performed to examine obtained products. FTIR method was employed to determine fuctional groups which were found to be typical for activated carbons. Acidic oxygen groups were quantitatively determined using Boehm titrations. It was established that carboxylic groups on pine cone activated carbon, and phenolic groups on chestnut kernel activated carbon were dominant from all acidic oxygen groups. Since both contact pH and pHPZC were determined to be fairly acidic, it could be concluded that obtained activated carbons belong to L-type. Shape and layout of micrometer dimensioned particles were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Particles of different shapes and dimensions along with small cracks and wide crevices and voids were noticed. Textural analysis was used to determine specific surface area and pore distribution of obtained activated carbons. Obtained products possess highly developed surface area and wide pore distribution.

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