Selenium Uptake by a Coal Mine Wetland Sediment

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A. Baldwin ◽  
Al Henry Hodaly
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Selenium Uptake ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Abstract Sediment from a wetland receiving runoff from a coal mine waste dump in the Elk River Valley of southeast British Columbia was assessed for potential selenium uptake. Selenite [SeO32-, Se(IV)] was found to adsorb to the washed sediment at pH 7 to 8, whereas no selenate [SeO42-, Se(VI)] was adsorbed, in the concentration range of 8 to 225 μg L-1 Se as selenite or selenate. Sulfate- and selenate-reducing bacterial activity was detected in the sediment. In the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria growth medium, Se as selenate was reduced from 619(±53) μg L-1 to 15(±0.7) μg L-1, and in the presence of selenate-reducing bacteria growth medium, Se as selenate was reduced from 364(±66) mg L-1 to 22(±10) mg L-1. Semi-continuous microcosms containing sediment overlaid with selenate (500 μg L-1 Se) and sulfate (0.9 g L-1) containing water were amended with plant debris from the site or nutrients (lactate and fertilizer). Potential selenate reduction rate (0.76 h-1) was highest in the unamended microcosms. Amendment with plant debris from the site had a negative effect on selenate reduction rate in the short term (after one hour) and a positive effect on Se removal in the long term (after one week). This study suggests that wetland sediments at the mine site may be important sinks for Se.

Interactions between filamentous sulfur bacteria, sulfate reducing bacteria and poly-P accumulating bacteria in anaerobic-oxic activated sludge from a municipal plant

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 599-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoko Yamamoto-Ikemoto ◽  
Saburo Matsui ◽  
Tomoaki Komori ◽  
Edja. Kofi. Bosque-Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Sulfate Reduction Rate ◽  
Filamentous Bulking ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Sulfate Reduction Rates ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

The interactions between filamentous sulfur bacteria (FSB), sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and poly-P accumulating bacteria (PAB) in the activated sludge of a municipal plant operated under anaerobic-oxic conditions were examined in batch experiments using return sludge (RAS) and settled sewage. Phosphate release and sulfate reduction occurred simultaneously under anaerobic conditions. SRB were more sensitive to temperature changes than PAB. SRB played an important role in the decomposition of propionate to acetate. When the sulfate reduction rates were high, there was a tendency for the maximum release of phosphate also to be high. This was explained by the fact that PAB utilized the acetate produced by SRB. Sulfur oxidizing bacteria were sensitive to temperature change. When the sulfate reduction rate was high, the sulfide oxidizing rate was also high and filamentous bulking occurred. The results showed that sulfate reduction was a cause of filamentous bulking due to Type 021N that could utilize reduced sulfur.

scholarly journals Salinity Responses of Benthic Microbial Communities in a Solar Saltern (Eilat, Israel)

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1608-1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketil Bernt S�rensen ◽  
Donald E. Canfield ◽  
Aharon Oren
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Sulfate Reduction Rate ◽  
Anoxygenic Phototrophs ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Oxygen Budget ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Optimum Salinity

ABSTRACT The salinity responses of cyanobacteria, anoxygenic phototrophs, sulfate reducers, and methanogens from the laminated endoevaporitic community in the solar salterns of Eilat, Israel, were studied in situ with oxygen microelectrodes and in the laboratory in slurries. The optimum salinity for the sulfate reduction rate in sediment slurries was between 100 and 120‰, and sulfate reduction was strongly inhibited at an in situ salinity of 215‰. Nevertheless, sulfate reduction was an important respiratory process in the crust, and reoxidation of formed sulfide accounted for a major part of the oxygen budget. Methanogens were well adapted to the in situ salinity but contributed little to the anaerobic mineralization in the crust. In slurries with a salinity of 180‰ or less, methanogens were inhibited by increased activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria. Unicellular and filamentous cyanobacteria metabolized at near-optimum rates at the in situ salinity, whereas the optimum salinity for anoxygenic phototrophs was between 100 and 120‰.

Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage by Sulfate Reducing Bacteria and Iron at Room Temperature

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1500-1503
Author(s):  
Ying Feng ◽  
Yong Kang ◽  
Yan Fang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Mine Wastewater ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Acid Mining Drainage

This study describes a new method to treat acid mine wastewater containing high amounts of heavy metals and sulfate by biotechnology. Sulfate reducing Bacteria (SRB) was inoculated in an up-flow multiple bed bioreactor treating practical wastewater. In addition to precipitation processes, water purification was also possible with the metabolism process of microorganisms. Iron dust was added to the system to enhance the activity of SRB and ensure the treatment efficiency. The results indicates that treating acid mining drainage using SRB and iron at room temperature (20°C~25°C) is possible, the reduction rate of sulfate is up to 61%, pH of wastewater raises from 2.75 to 6.2 and the copper concentration of effluent is less than 0.2 mg/L.

scholarly journals Diversity, Activity, and Abundance of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Saline and Hypersaline Soda Lakes

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 2093-2100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam Foti ◽  
Dimitry Y. Sorokin ◽  
Bart Lomans ◽  
Marc Mussman ◽  
Elena E. Zacharova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Soda Lakes ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Sulfate Reduction Rate ◽  
Hypersaline Lake ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

ABSTRACT Soda lakes are naturally occurring highly alkaline and saline environments. Although the sulfur cycle is one of the most active element cycles in these lakes, little is known about the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). In this study we investigated the diversity, activity, and abundance of SRB in sediment samples and enrichment cultures from a range of (hyper)saline soda lakes of the Kulunda Steppe in southeastern Siberia in Russia. For this purpose, a polyphasic approach was used, including denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of dsr gene fragments, sulfate reduction rate measurements, serial dilutions, and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Comparative sequence analysis revealed the presence of several novel clusters of SRB, mostly affiliated with members of the order Desulfovibrionales and family Desulfobacteraceae. We detected sulfate reducers and observed substantial sulfate reducing rates (between 12 and 423 μmol/dm3 day−1) for most lakes, even at a salinity of 475 g/liter. Enrichments were obtained at salt saturating conditions (4 M Na+), using H2 or volatile fatty acids as electron donors, and an extremely halophilic SRB, strain ASO3-1, was isolated. Furthermore, a high dsr gene copy number of 108 cells per ml was detected in a hypersaline lake by qPCR. Our results indicate the presence of diverse and active SRB communities in these extreme ecosystems.

scholarly journals Diversity of reductive dechlorinating bacteria and archaea in herbicide/dioxin-contaminated soils from Bien Hoa airbase using metagenomic approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-784
Author(s):  
Pham Quang Huy ◽  
Nguyen Kim Thoa ◽  
Dang Thi Cam Ha
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Soil Bioremediation ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Heavy Soil ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Dechlorinating Bacteria ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Heavy herbicide/dioxin contamination of soil was derived a negative effect on the microbial biodiversity, soil quality, animal and human health in Central and South of Vietnam. This is the first time, the application metagenomic tools investigated soil microbial structural community of undetoxified (C - 21,605 ng TEQ/kg dry soil) and bioremediated (BHR - 13.2 ng TEQ/kg dry soil) which could not only help us to explore the potential risks associated with contaminated soils but also provide insights into possible soil bioremediation technology by stimulating indigenous microbes. Four methanogen genera, Methanosarcina (24 - 322 OTUs respectively C – BHR samples), Methanocella (13 - 63 OTUs), Methanosaeta (7 - 42 OTUs) and Methanococcus (6 - 69 OTUs) have been dominantly detected in both two metagenomes. Twenty genera of archaea belonging to the phylum Euryarchaeota were found. They could be clustered within 14 different families and nine archaeal genera including unclassified archaea (17 OTUs – C; 145 OTUs - BHR). In metagenome C and BHR, 12 genera of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) with different number (2 - 77; 61 - 904 OTUs) respectively were presented. Four SRB genera are dominated in C metagenome, it is linear also in BHR. The highest number is genus Desulfovibrio detected in both examined metagenomes. However, the relationship features of these bacterial groups need deeply investigation for understanding their role of reductive dechlorination, anaerobic degradation in herbicide/dioxin contaminated heavy soil and sediment. These results provide additional evidence to explain why heavy herbicide/dioxin contaminated soil was detoxified successfully at Bien Hoa airbase, Vietnam.

Ecological interactions among denitrification, poly-P accumulation, sulfate reduction, and filamentous sulfur bacteria in activated sludge

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 201-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoko Yamamoto-Ikemoto ◽  
Saburo Matsui ◽  
Tomoaki Komori
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Sodium Molybdate ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Sulfate Reduction Rate ◽  
Filamentous Bulking ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Effects of anoxic-oxic conditions on the growth of sulfate reduction, poly-P accumulation and filamentous sulfur bacteria were examined in the laboratory scale sequential batch reactors. In the anoxic-oxic conditions, denitrification bacteria are dominant. The growth of sulfate reducing bacteria and poly-P accumulating bacteria was suppressed. The number of sulfate reducing bacteria in the activated sludge was below 104 MPN/g MLSS, and the sulfate reduction rate was very low. Filamentous bulking was also suppressed. On the other hand, when nitrate was removed from the artificial wastewater, sulfate reducing bacteria could grow predominantly in the anaerobic conditions. The number of sulfate reducing bacteria was about 106∼107 MPN/g MLSS and the sulfate reduction rate increased (0.17 ∼ 0.21 g SO4/g MLSS·hr). Filamentous bacteria Type 021N increased over 103 cm/mg MLSS. Sodium molybdate was added to the artificial wastewater in order to prevent sulfate reduction. When the concentration of sodium molybdate increased to 980 mg/L, the number of sulfate reducing bacteria decreased to 103 ∼ 104 MPN/g MLSS and the sulfate reduction rate decreased. Filamentous bulking was completely suppressed in these conditions. These results show that sulfate reduction is a main trigger of the filamentous bulking due to Type 021N that can utilize reduced sulfur for an energy source.

scholarly journals Microbial Population Dynamics and the Role of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria Genes in Stabilizing Pb, Zn, and Cd in the Terrestrial Subsurface

Soil Systems ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Ranju Karna ◽  
Ganga Hettiarachchi ◽  
Joy Van Nostrand ◽  
Tong Yuan ◽  
Charles Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mine Waste ◽  
Metal Sulfide ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Functional Genes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Biogeochemical Transformations ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Metal Sulfide Formation

Milling and mining metal ores are major sources of toxic metals contamination. The Spring River and its tributaries in southeast Kansas are contaminated with Pb, Zn, and Cd because of 120 years of mining activities. Trace metal transformations and cycling in mine waste materials greatly influence their mobility and toxicity and they affect both plant productivity and human health. It has been hypothesized that under reduced conditions in sulfate-rich environments, these metals can be transformed into their sulfide forms, thus limiting mobility and toxicity. We studied biogeochemical transformations of Pb, Zn, and Cd in flooded subsurface mine waste materials, natural or treated with organic carbon (OC), and/or sulfur (S), by combining advanced microbiological and X-ray spectroscopic techniques to determine the effects of treatments on the microbial community structure and identify the dominant functional genes that are involved in the biogeochemical transformations, especially metal sulfide formation over time. Samples collected from medium-, and long-term submerged columns were used for microarray analysis via functional gene array (GeoChip 4.2). The total number of detected gene abundance decreased under long-term submergence, but major functional genes abundance was enhanced with OC-plus-S treatment. The microbial community exhibited a substantial change in structure in response to OC and S addition. Sulfate-reducing bacteria genes dsrA/B were identified as key players in metal sulfide formation via dissimilatory sulfate reduction. Uniqueness of this study is that microbial analyses presented here in detail are in agreement with molecular-scale synchrotron-based X-ray data, supporting that OC-plus-S treatment would be a promising strategy for reducing metal toxicity in mine waste materials in the subsurface environment.

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