Evaluation of Mitigation Methods to Manage Contaminant Transfer in Urban Watersheds

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Brydon ◽  
Iwata Oh ◽  
Julie Wilson ◽  
Ken Hall ◽  
Hans Schreier
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Benthic Organism ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Three case studies on trace metal contamination in urban stormwater are presented from the Greater Vancouver area of British Columbia. In the first case study, the spatial and temporal variability in trace metals in sediments were determined in the completely urbanized Brunette watershed. A natural lake in the middle of the watershed acts as a sediment detention system, and an analysis of the sediment core showed the historic accumulation of metal and selective organic contaminants in sediments since the early 1800s. Suspended sediments transported during storm events showed significantly higher concentrations of trace metals than bedload sediments, and the largest proportion of the geochemically active metals was found to be associated with the organic-sulphur-based fraction. Benthic organism survival tests showed mixed results with lower survival and growth in urban sediments than in control sediments from a forested watershed. In the second case study, significant correlations were obtained between percent impervious cover and trace metal concentrations in 28 subwatersheds with various degrees of urbanization. It is shown that imperviousness combined with traffic density can significantly improve the prediction of metal contamination in highly urbanized watersheds. In the third case study five urban stormwater detention systems were examined over one year to determine how effective these systems were in removing metal contamination. The results were highly variable depending on a wide range of physical conditions, land use activities, traffic volume, and detention system designs. The range of total metal detention was between −15 to +72% for copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), while iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) retention was generally poor. Labile Zn was more effectively retained in four of the five ponds, and a significant relationship was found between percent imperviousness, traffic volume, and Zn concentrations in water, sediment, and labile form.

Silicon Cleaning Methods Compared at Metal Concentrations Below 1E10 atoms/cm2

1999 ◽  
Vol 606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Ilardi ◽  
Rajananda Saraswati ◽  
George Schwartzkopf
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Silicon Wafer ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Wafer Surface ◽  
Trace Metal Contamination ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Contamination Levels

AbstractAn alkaline aqueous silicon wafer cleaner has been developed which reduces trace metal contamination levels on “p-type” unpatterned silicon wafers to below 1E10 atoms/cm2 without acidic cleaning. This patented technology uses a specially formulated buffering system consisting of an oxidation resistant chelating agent and salt of a weak acid. The aqueous cleaner maintains a stable pH of about 9.5 over a wide range of dilutions, temperatures, hydrogen peroxide concentrations and bath aging times. A single-step bath, megasonic bath or spray clean with this formulation leaves the chemical oxide on the silicon wafer surface free of particles, atomically smooth, free of organics and lower in trace metal contamination levels than similar surfaces cleaned with conventional formulations.An analytical method was developed which allows the reliable detection of trace metals on silicon wafer surfaces down to 1E8 atoms/cm2 for aluminum, calcium, copper, iron, nickel, sodium and zinc. The procedure uses an ICP-MS with a concentric nebulizer and a desolvator. The acids used were ultrapure to keep the blanks to a very minimum and analyses were run in a class 10 clean room. The trace metals on the wafer were extracted using known amounts of ultrapure acids and were directly aspirated using a special arrangement with the concentric nebulizer. The J.T. Baker cleaner was compared to and outperformed the conventional RCA-1&2 clean and dilute RCA-1&2 chemistries using ultrapure ammonium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide.

scholarly journals Analysis of Trace Metal Contamination in Pahang River and Kelantan River, Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 04003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norpadzlihatun Manap ◽  
Kavitha Sandirasegaran ◽  
Noor Shahifah Syahrom ◽  
Amnorzahira Amir
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Trace Metal Concentration ◽  
Trace Metal Contamination ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Negative Impacts

The primary objective of this study is to determine trace metal contamination in environmental samples obtained from Pahang River and Kelantan River, Malaysia which may help to identify the risk of sustainable dredging in these areas. This research also proceeds to compare the trace metal concentration with the National Water Quality Standards of Malaysia, Interim Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines and Malaysian Food Act 1983 to determine its limits and risks. Samples of water, sediment, snails and fishes were collected and analyzed for As, Cu, Cd, Cr, Fe, Pb, Ni, Mn, and Hg by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. It was found that the concentration of trace metals namely As, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, and Hg in river water, sediment, snail and fish samples in Pahang River were lower than the maximum allowable limits, except for Fe and Mn. In Kelantan River, the concentration of trace metals indicating that it is contaminated with Fe, Mn, Pb, Cr, Cu, Hg, and As as all trace metals exceeded the maximum allowable limits. Negative impacts may arise, and the river may contaminate more in future if there is no proper management to tackle this issue during execution of dredging activities.

Measurement of trace metal influx in plants: a case study with Co

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Reid ◽  
Juhong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
Membrane Surface Charge ◽  
Broad Specificity

The analysis of transport systems involved in the uptake of trace metals in plants is complicated by technical difficulties associated with measurement of uptake and by the likely presence of multiple transporters with broad specificity. In this study, influx of Co was used to illustrate the problems involved and potential solutions. Issues surrounding kinetic descriptions of transport, multiple uptake systems, specificity of transporters, pH effects and the role of membrane surface charge in determining fluxes are addressed. A list of criteria for validation of flux measurements is provided.

scholarly journals Metal contamination and oxidative stress biomarkers in estuarine fish following a mine tailing disaster

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrício Ângelo Gabriel ◽  
Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis ◽  
Lorena Oliveira Souza Soares ◽  
Ana Carolina de Azevedo Mazzuco ◽  
Rafael Christian Chávez Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Contaminated Sediments ◽  
Estuarine Sediments ◽  
Estuarine Fish ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Metal Concentrations

AbstractThe Rio Doce estuary in Brazil was impacted by the deposition of mine tailings caused by the collapse of a mining dam in 2015. Since the disaster, the estuary is experiencing chronic trace metal contamination effects, but potential trace metal accumulation in fishes has not been reported. Trace metals in aquatic ecosystems pose severe threats to the aquatic biota, so we hypothesized that the accumulation of trace metals in estuarine sediments nearly two years after the disaster would cause contaminant bioaccumulation, resulting in the biosynthesis of metal-responsive proteins in fishes. We determined trace metal concentrations in sediment samples, metal concentrations, and quantified stress protein concentrations in the liver and muscle tissue of five different fish species in the estuary. Our results revealed high concentrations of trace metals in estuarine sediments when compared to published baseline values for this estuary. The demersal fish species Cathorops spixii and Genidens genidens had the highest Hg, As, Se, Cr, and Mn concentrations in both hepatic and muscle tissues. Metal bioaccumulation in fish was statistically correlated with the biosynthesis of metallothionein and reduced glutathione in both fish liver and muscle tissue. The trace metals detected in fish tissues resemble those in the contaminated sediments present at the estuary at the time of this study and were also significantly correlated to protein levels. Trace metals in fish muscle were above the maximum permissible limits for human consumption, suggesting potential human health risks that require further determination. Our study supports the high biogeochemical mobility of trace metals between contaminated sediments and local biota in estuarine ecosystems.

A suitable model for the biomonitoring of trace metal bioavailabilities in estuarine sediments: the annelid polychaete Nereis diversicolor

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Poirier ◽  
Brigitte Berthet ◽  
Jean-Claude Amiard ◽  
Anne-Yvonne Jeantet ◽  
Claude Amiard-Triquet
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Estuarine Sediments ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Trace Metal Contamination ◽  
Nereis Diversicolor ◽  
Total Sediment

The need to use biomonitors representative of the sedimentary compartment has been recognized, particularly in estuaries. Thus, trace metal contamination has been monitored in an infaunal polychaete worm Nereis diversicolor and sediments in the Seine estuary and comparatively in the relatively clean Authie estuary (French coast of the English Channel) over two years taking samples every three months at both sites. No correlations were shown between total metal (Ag, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) concentrations in raw sediments and ragworms. Because these worms are known to be good biomonitors of the bioavailabilities of sedimentary trace metals, it follows that total sediment metal concentrations have a poor predictive ecotoxicological value. Using a correction factor to minimize the influence of weight, it is possible to make a good estimation of the average metal concentrations in a population of worms at a given site, sampling only a limited number of specimens. Metallothioneins are often considered to be good biomarkers of the presence of significant availabilities of trace metals. Metallothionein-like proteins (MTLPs) are present in N. diversicolor, but there is no significant relationship between MTLPs and metal concentrations. This situation might result from the importance of metal-containing granules, both extra- and intracellular, in ragworms.

A case study investigating the effects of EDTA washing and amendments on trace metal-contaminated soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Friesl-Hanl ◽  
Christoph Sebastian Noller ◽  
Rebecca Hood-Nowotny ◽  
Andrea Watzinger
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Soil Washing ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Guideline Values

<p>Trace metals emissions show a sustaining decrease in western Europe since several decades. Sources like leaded fuels have been banned and the use of efficient flue gas cleaning systems have reduced industrial emissions significantly. But trace metal additions are cumulative, and the contamination is permanent. Immobilizing trace metals can be an efficient and cost effective way to prevent groundwater contamination and uptake in the food chain but cannot account for all exposure pathways (e.g. ingestion), while guideline values are only concerned about total concentrations. Soil washing techniques comprise an enormous potential for the efficient and sustainable extraction of trace metals from contaminated soils. The Garden Soil Project is a case study investigating the effect of soil amendments applied after a new ex-situ soil washing procedure (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) from a Cd-, Pb-, Zn-contaminated Cambisol from Arnoldstein, located at a former lead mining and smelting region in Austria.</p><p>To investigate the success of the EDTA soil washing and amendment application, an experimental garden was set up at the University Research Center (UFT) in Tulln an der Donau. It encompasses twelve raised beds of 1 m<sup>3</sup>, filled with three soil variants in four replicates: The contaminated, unwashed soil (U) and two washed variants (W), one amended with 2 %wt biochar and 2 %wt compost (A). The amendments aim to restore soil conditions after the invasive procedure. The success of the trace metal extraction and restoration of the original soil properties is investigated by analyzing vegetable cultivars grown on the soil variants, the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of the soil in the course of 2 years. First results show a significant reduction in trace metal uptake by different vegetables after washing and an increase in biomass for both washed soil variants W and A. The continuing analysis of trace metals in soil leachates and multiple extractable fractions in soil will allow a more detailed assessment. Furthermore, an ongoing investigation of the carbon and nitrogen cycle, using stable isotopes, will be applied as an indicator for soil functions.</p>

Trace metals as tracers of dredging activity in Cleveland Bay — field and laboratory studies

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Reichelt ◽  
GB Jones
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Dredged Sediment ◽  
Trace Metal Contamination ◽  
Acid Leach ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Copper Zinc

This study has investigated in detail trace metal concentrations in Cleveland Bay in the central Great Barrier Reef and assessed the significant carrier phases of several metals during a simulated disturbance of sediments designed to investigate the effects of dredging. Organic, iron oxide and carbonate phases were shown to be important carrier phases for several trace metals. The application of an acid-leach technique to monitor labile or pollutant concentrations of copper, zinc, lead and nickel in sediments collected from coral reefs sampled before and after two dredging events in 1991 yielded useful information on the fate of dredged sediment. Trace metal contamination close inshore was attributed to port activities, sewage discharge and urbanization.

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